Morphology and electrical properties of polypropylene/polyamide 6/glass fiber composites with low carbon black loading
-
Xuewei Zhang
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the electrically conductive properties and percolation thresholds of carbon black (CB)-filled polypropylene (PP)/glass fiber (GF), PP/polyamide 6 (PA6), and PP/PA6/GF composites. Compared to CB-filled PP/GF and PP/PA6 composites, PP/PA6/GF/CB composites exhibited a reduction of the percolation threshold. Under the same CB loading, the surface resistivity of PP/PA6/GF/CB composites was much lower, indicating a better conductivity. According to the morphology images characterized by transmission electron microscopy, CB was preferentially located in the PA6 phase due to the good interaction between CB and PA6 and the lower viscosity of PA6. The addition of GF formed a PA6-coated GF structure. This structure with a relatively long diameter can effectively assist the construction of conductive paths. Meanwhile, GF also played a volume-occupying role and improved the effective concentration of the conductive component in the system. The influences of GF and PA6 mass fraction on the surface resistivity of PP/PA6/GF/CB composites were also explored, respectively. It was found that appropriate amounts of GF and PA6 could effectively increase the electrical conductivity, providing guidance for fabricating an antistatic or conductive material with high comprehensive performance.
References
[1] Deng H, Lin L, Ji M, Zhang S, Yang M, Fu Q. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2014, 39, 627–655.10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.07.007Search in Google Scholar
[2] Tiusanen J, Vlasveld D, Vuorinen J. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2012, 72, 1741–1752.10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.07.009Search in Google Scholar
[3] Mechrez G, Suckeveriene RY, Zelikman E, Rosen J, Ariel-Sternberg N, Cohen R, Narkis M, Segal E. ACS Macro Lett. 2012, 1, 848–852.10.1021/mz300145aSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[4] Zhao J, Dai K, Liu C, Zheng G, Wang B, Liu C, Chen J, Shen C. Compos. Pt. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2013, 48, 129–136.10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.01.004Search in Google Scholar
[5] Rybak A, Boiteux G, Melis F, Seytre G. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2010, 70, 410–416.10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.11.019Search in Google Scholar
[6] Fox RT, Wani V, Howard KE, Bogle A, Kempel L. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 107, 2558–2566.10.1002/app.27317Search in Google Scholar
[7] Sudha JD, Sivakala S, Prasanth R, Reena VL, Nair PR. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2009, 69, 358–364.10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.10.026Search in Google Scholar
[8] Ameli A, Jung PU, Park CB. Carbon 2013, 60, 379–391.10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.050Search in Google Scholar
[9] Ma PC, Siddiqui NA, Marom G, Kim JK. Compos. Pt. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2010, 41, 1345–1367.10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.07.003Search in Google Scholar
[10] Antunes RA, De Oliveira MCL, Ett G, Ett V. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 2945–2961.10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.12.041Search in Google Scholar
[11] Bauhofer W, Kovacs JZ. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2009, 69, 1486–1498.10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.06.018Search in Google Scholar
[12] Xu S, Rezvanian O, Peters K, Zikry MA. Nanotechnology 2013, 24, 155706.10.1088/0957-4484/24/15/155706Search in Google Scholar
[13] Scher H, Zallen R. J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 53, 3759–3761.10.1063/1.1674565Search in Google Scholar
[14] Tang H, Chen XF, Luo YX. Eur. Polym. J. 1996, 32, 963–966.10.1016/0014-3057(96)00026-2Search in Google Scholar
[15] Pan Y, Liu X, Hao X, Starý Z, Schubert DW. Eur. Polym. J. 2016, 78, 106–115.10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.03.019Search in Google Scholar
[16] Huang J, Mao C, Zhu Y, Jiang W, Yang X. Carbon 2014, 73, 267–274.10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.063Search in Google Scholar
[17] Chen J, Cui X, Zhu Y, Jiang W, Sui K. Carbon 2017, 114, 441–448.10.1016/j.carbon.2016.12.048Search in Google Scholar
[18] Dai K, Xu X B, Li ZM. Polymer 2007, 48, 849–859.10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.026Search in Google Scholar
[19] Dai K, Zhang YC, Tang JH, Li ZM. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 125.10.1002/app.36521Search in Google Scholar
[20] Farimani HE, Ebrahimi NG. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2012, 124, 4598–4605.Search in Google Scholar
[21] Li Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang YX. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2005, 98, 1142–1149.10.1002/app.22105Search in Google Scholar
[22] Abbasi Moud A, Javadi A, Nazockdast H, Fathi A, Altstaedt V. J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 368–378.10.1002/polb.23638Search in Google Scholar
[23] Qu Y, Zhang W, Dai K Zheng G, Liu C, Chen J, Shen C. Mater. Lett. 2014, 132, 48–51.10.1016/j.matlet.2014.06.062Search in Google Scholar
[24] Li Y, Shimizu H. Macromolecules 2008, 41, 5339–5344.10.1021/ma8006834Search in Google Scholar
[25] Pötschke P, Pegel S, Claes M, Bonduel D. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2008, 29, 244–251.10.1002/marc.200700637Search in Google Scholar
[26] Fenouillot F, Cassagnau P, Majesté JC. Polymer 2009, 50, 1333–1350.10.1016/j.polymer.2008.12.029Search in Google Scholar
[27] Wu S. Polymer Interface and Adhesion, Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 1982.Search in Google Scholar
[28] Shokoohi S, Arefazar A, Naderi G. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2012, 23, 418–424.10.1002/pat.1892Search in Google Scholar
[29] Feng J, Chan C, Li J. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2003, 43, 1058–1063.10.1002/pen.10089Search in Google Scholar
[30] Wang Q, Meng QG, Wang TL, Guo WH. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45303.10.1002/app.45303Search in Google Scholar
[31] Zhang M, Li DJ, Wu DF, Yan CH, Lu P, Qiu GM. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 108, 1482–1489.10.1002/app.27745Search in Google Scholar
[32] Zhang X, Liu J, Wang Y, Wu W. R. Soc. Open Sci. 2017, 4, 170769.10.1098/rsos.170769Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Pyrolysis of polypropylene over zeolite mordenite ammonium: kinetics and products distribution
- Impact of graphene/graphene oxide on the mechanical properties of cellulose acetate membrane and promising natural seawater desalination
- Surface damage characterization of photodegraded low-density polyethylene by means of friction measurements
- Morphology and electrical properties of polypropylene/polyamide 6/glass fiber composites with low carbon black loading
- Preparation and assembly
- Preparation and evaluation of a stable and sustained release of lansoprazole-loaded poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) polymeric nanoparticles
- Engineering and processing
- Influence of chemical postprocessing on mechanical properties of laser-sintered polyamide 12 parts
- Manufacture and mechanical properties of sandwich structure-battery composites
- Simulation of dynamic mold compression and resin flow for force-controlled compression resin transfer molding
- A mathematical analysis for the blade coating process of Oldroyd 4-constant fluid
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Material properties
- Pyrolysis of polypropylene over zeolite mordenite ammonium: kinetics and products distribution
- Impact of graphene/graphene oxide on the mechanical properties of cellulose acetate membrane and promising natural seawater desalination
- Surface damage characterization of photodegraded low-density polyethylene by means of friction measurements
- Morphology and electrical properties of polypropylene/polyamide 6/glass fiber composites with low carbon black loading
- Preparation and assembly
- Preparation and evaluation of a stable and sustained release of lansoprazole-loaded poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) polymeric nanoparticles
- Engineering and processing
- Influence of chemical postprocessing on mechanical properties of laser-sintered polyamide 12 parts
- Manufacture and mechanical properties of sandwich structure-battery composites
- Simulation of dynamic mold compression and resin flow for force-controlled compression resin transfer molding
- A mathematical analysis for the blade coating process of Oldroyd 4-constant fluid
