The effect of shielding gas on weldability of the AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel
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İ. Açar
PhD, studied at Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, His research interest is in materials science, mainly stainless steels and welding.
PhD, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Mechanical Engineering, has been working at Department of Biosystems Engineering of Düzce University. His research interest is in materials science, mainly machine materials and manufacturing technologies, steels and aluminum alloys welding.
Abstract
Most of weld defects occurring in the welding of martensitic stainless steels are caused by the presence of hydrogen. Thus, the effects of hydrogen in the weld zone need to be well-understood to estimate the quality and service life of martensitic stainless steel joints. In the present study, AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel materials were welded by using different combinations of shielding gas via the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) method. It is known that shielding gases also play a critical role in heat input, cooling rate, microstructure of weld seam, weld defects, and mechanical properties besides drying of molten weld pool. Thus, it is important to investigate the effects of shielding gases and gas combinations on the welding of martensitic stainless steels in the welding process. In the present study, 100 % Ar, 97 % Ar + 3 % H2 and 93 % Ar + 7 % H2 gas combinations were employed. The welded sheets were subjected to the metallographic examination as well as hardness, tensile, and bending tests. The effect of the tests and the combination of shielding gas on the mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 420 stainless steel was investigated. The results indicated that a noticeable grain coarsening occurred in the microstructure of the weld metal and heat affected zones (HAZs) after the addition of H2 into the Ar gas during the welding process. The highest tensile strength was obtained from the joints with 100 % Ar gas. As a result of the tensile test, rupture occurred in the base metal-HAZ transition zone in all the welded samples. In the joints welded with 97 % Ar + 3 % H2 and 93 % Ar + 7 % H2 gas combinations, fracture occurred in the base metal-HAZ transition zone during the bending test.
Kurzfassung
Die meisten beim Schweißen von rostfreien martensitischen Stählen auftretenden Schweißfehler sind auf das Vorhandensein von Wasserstoff zurückzuführen. Um die Qualität und die Lebensdauer von Verbindungen aus rostfreiem martensitischem Stahl einschätzen zu können, muss daher umfassend verstanden werden, wie sich Wasserstoff auf die Schweißzone auswirkt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Werkstoffe aus rostfreiem martensitischem Stahl AISI 420 mit unterschiedlichen Schutzgaskombinationen mittels Metallschutzgasschweißen (Gas Metal Arc Welding, GMAW) gefügt. Bekannt ist, dass sich, neben einem Austrocknen des flüssigen Schweißbads, auch Schutzgase maßgeblich auf den Wärmeeintrag, die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit, das Gefüge der Schweißnaht, Schweißfehler und die mechanischen Eigenschaften auswirken. Es ist demnach wichtig, die Auswirkungen von Schutzgasen und Gasgemischen beim Schweißen von rostfreien martensitischen Stählen zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde mit 100 % Ar-Gas und den Gemischen 97 % Ar + 3 % H2 und 93 % Ar + 7 % H2 gearbeitet. Die verschweißten Bleche wurden metallographisch untersucht und sowohl Zug- und Biegeversuchen als auch Härteprüfungen unterzogen. Basierend auf diesen Untersuchungen und Tests wurde ermittelt, wie sich die Schutzgaszusammensetzungen auf die mechanischen und mikrostrukturellen Eigenschaften von rostfreiem Stahl AISI 420 auswirken. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass es bei einer Zugabe von H2 zum Ar-Gas während des Schweißvorgangs im Gefüge des Schweißguts und der WEZs zu einer deutlichen Kornvergröberung kommt. Die höchste Zugfestigkeit wurde bei Schweißnähten erreicht, für deren Fertigung 100 % Ar-Gas verwendet wurde. Im Rahmen des Zugversuchs kam es bei allen Schweißproben zum Bruch im Übergangsbereich von Grundmetall und WEZ. In den mit den Gaskombinationen 97 % Ar + 3 % H2 und 93 % Ar + 7 % H2 geschweißten Nähten kam es während des Biegeversuchs im Übergangsbereich von Grundmetall und WEZ zum Bruch.
About the authors
PhD, studied at Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, His research interest is in materials science, mainly stainless steels and welding.
PhD, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Mechanical Engineering, has been working at Department of Biosystems Engineering of Düzce University. His research interest is in materials science, mainly machine materials and manufacturing technologies, steels and aluminum alloys welding.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Classification of fracture characteristics and fracture mechanisms using deep learning and topography data
- Combination of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and in situ 3D-μ-CT in the analysis of the relationship between strains and porosity under creep loading
- The effect of shielding gas on weldability of the AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel
- Failure Analysis
- Imperfections in Inner Cavity of Row 4 Turbine Blade Caused by Metal-Core Reaction
- Picture of the Month
- Picture of the Month
- News
- News
- Meeting Dairy
- Meeting Diary
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Classification of fracture characteristics and fracture mechanisms using deep learning and topography data
- Combination of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and in situ 3D-μ-CT in the analysis of the relationship between strains and porosity under creep loading
- The effect of shielding gas on weldability of the AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel
- Failure Analysis
- Imperfections in Inner Cavity of Row 4 Turbine Blade Caused by Metal-Core Reaction
- Picture of the Month
- Picture of the Month
- News
- News
- Meeting Dairy
- Meeting Diary
