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Selection of stabilizing agents to provide effective penetration of gold nanoparticles into cells

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Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 12. September 2014
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Photonics & Lasers in Medicine
Aus der Zeitschrift Photonics & Lasers in Medicine Band 3 Heft 4

Abstract

Objective:

Gold nanorods are known to be promising agents for photothermal therapy. But the uptake of rod-shaped nanoparticles is lower than their spherical counterpart. It was therefore the objective of this study to select gold nanoparticles (GNPs)-stabilizing agents in order to provide effective penetration into cancer cells.

Materials and methods:

The work was carried out on human ovarian adenocarcinoma SKOV-3 cells. The gold nanorods used in this work had a plasmon resonance peak at 800 nm. The nanoparticles were stabilized by Pluronic® F-127 (PF127), chitosan or polyethylene glycol (PEG); the latter with 6000 Da and 40,000 Da molecular weight. Penetration and intracellular distribution of GNPs were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and two-photon luminescence microscopy (2PLM) techniques.

Results:

By means of 2PLM and TEM, it could be shown that PF127 facilitates cellular uptake of GNPs very effectively. PF127-stabilized GNPs rapidly (by 1.5 h) penetrated the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm and cell nucleus. GNPs stabilized by chitosan were slowly internalized by the cells in smaller amount. GNPs stabilized by PEG with different molecular weights had difficulty to penetrate into the cells – GNPs were localized on the outer side of the cell membrane after short incubation, and single agglomerates were found in the cells after an extended incubation time.

Conclusion:

Nanoparticles stabilized with PF127 were the most effective nanoparticles to penetrate into the cells and were located in the cytoplasm and cell nuclei. Nanoparticles stabilized with chitosan were internalized into cells at a slower rate and in smaller amounts than those stabilized with PF127. Nanoparticles stabilized with PEG6000 Da and PEG40.000 Da were located mainly on cell membranes and could be found in the cytoplasm only after a longer incubation time.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel:

Gold-Nanostäbchen gelten als vielversprechend für den Einsatz in der photothermischen Therapie, jedoch ist die Aufnahme von stabförmigen Nanopartikeln geringer als die ihrer runden Gegenstücke. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher, geeignete Substanzen zu finden, die geeignet sind, um Gold-Nanopartikel zu stabilisieren und so ein wirksames Eindringen in Krebszellen zu gewährleisten.

Materialien und Methoden:

Die Studie wurde an humanen Eierstock-Adenokarzinomzellen, sogenannten SKOV-3-Zellen, durchgeführt. Es wurden Gold-Nanostäbchen verwendet, deren Maximum der Plasmonresonanz bei 800 nm lag. Die Nanopartikel wurden entweder mit Pluronic® F-127 (PF127), Chitosan oder Polyethylenglykol (PEG) mit einem Molekulargewicht von 6000 Da bzw. 40.000 Da stabilisiert. Die Penetration und intrazelluläre Verteilung der Gold-Nanopartikel wurden mittels Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) und Zwei-Photonen-Lumineszenz-Mikroskopie (2PLM) untersucht.

Ergebnisse:

Die Untersuchungen mittels 2PLM und TEM zeigten, dass PF127 die zelluläre Aufnahme der Gold-Nanopartikel effektiv erleichtert. Die mit PF127 stabilisierten Nanopartikel drangen schnell (nach 1,5 h) in die Zellwand sowie ins Zytoplasma und den Zellkern ein. Die mit Chitosan stabilisierten Nanopartikel wurden von den Zellen langsamer und in geringerer Menge aufgenommen. Die Gold-Nanopartikel, die mit PEG6000 Da bzw. PEG40.000 Da stabilisiert wurden, hatten Schwierigkeiten in die Zellen einzudringen; nach kurzer Inkubation wurden Nanopartikel auf der Außenseite der Zellmembran lokalisiert, nach einer längeren Inkubationszeit einzelne Agglomerate in den Zellen gefunden.

Schlussfolgerung:

Mit PF127 stabilisierte Gold-Nanopartikel waren die wirksamsten Nanopartikel, um in die Zellen einzudringen und wurden im Zytoplasma und Zellkern lokalisiert. Nanopartikel, die mit Chitosan stabilisiert wurden, drangen mit einer geringeren Geschwindigkeit und in kleineren Mengen in die Zellen ein als die mit PF127 stabilisierten. Die mit PEG6000 Da und PEG40,000 Da stabilisierten Gold-Nanopartikel befanden sich hauptsächlich auf den Zellmembranen und konnten im Zytoplasma erst nach einer längeren Inkubationszeit festgestellt werden.

Keywords: gold nanoparticles; Pluronic® F-127; chitosan; polyethylene glycol; SKOV-3 cells; two-photon luminescence microscopy; transmission electron microscopy
Schlüsselwörter: Gold-Nanopartikel; Pluronic® F-127; Chitosan; Polyethylenglykol; SKOV-3-Zellen; Zwei- Photonen-Lumineszenz-Mikroskopie; Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie
Corresponding author: Vadim V. Elagin, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 603005 Minin Sq. 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; and Department of Biology, Nizhny Novgorod State University, 603950 Gagarin Ave. 23, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, e-mail:

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Received: 2014-5-29
Revised: 2014-7-28
Accepted: 2014-8-15
Published Online: 2014-9-12
Published in Print: 2014-11-1

©2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Biophotonics symposium – A scientific cruise
  4. Editors’ note
  5. Reviewer acknowledgment
  6. Magazine section
  7. Snapshots
  8. Review
  9. Novel methods for elasticity characterization using optical coherence tomography: Brief review and future prospects
  10. Original contributions
  11. Correlating optical coherence tomography images with dose distribution in late oral radiation toxicity patients
  12. Optical coherence tomography in diagnosing inflammatory diseases of ENT
  13. Imaging the electro-kinetic response of biological tissues with phase-resolved optical coherence tomography
  14. Real-time clinical clutter reduction in combined epi-optoacoustic and ultrasound imaging
  15. Selection of stabilizing agents to provide effective penetration of gold nanoparticles into cells
  16. Preliminary research report
  17. Mechanical compression in cross-polarization OCT imaging of skin: In vivo study and Monte Carlo simulation
  18. Technical note
  19. High-precision terahertz spectroscopy for noninvasive medicine diagnostics
  20. Announcement
  21. Protokoll der Mitgliederversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Lasermedizin (DGLM) e.V.
  22. Congress announcements
  23. Congresses 2014/2015
  24. Contents of the Volume
  25. Contents of the Volume
https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2014-0016
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
gold nanoparticles; Pluronic® F-127; chitosan; polyethylene glycol; SKOV-3 cells; two-photon luminescence microscopy; transmission electron microscopy

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Biophotonics symposium – A scientific cruise
  4. Editors’ note
  5. Reviewer acknowledgment
  6. Magazine section
  7. Snapshots
  8. Review
  9. Novel methods for elasticity characterization using optical coherence tomography: Brief review and future prospects
  10. Original contributions
  11. Correlating optical coherence tomography images with dose distribution in late oral radiation toxicity patients
  12. Optical coherence tomography in diagnosing inflammatory diseases of ENT
  13. Imaging the electro-kinetic response of biological tissues with phase-resolved optical coherence tomography
  14. Real-time clinical clutter reduction in combined epi-optoacoustic and ultrasound imaging
  15. Selection of stabilizing agents to provide effective penetration of gold nanoparticles into cells
  16. Preliminary research report
  17. Mechanical compression in cross-polarization OCT imaging of skin: In vivo study and Monte Carlo simulation
  18. Technical note
  19. High-precision terahertz spectroscopy for noninvasive medicine diagnostics
  20. Announcement
  21. Protokoll der Mitgliederversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Lasermedizin (DGLM) e.V.
  22. Congress announcements
  23. Congresses 2014/2015
  24. Contents of the Volume
  25. Contents of the Volume
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