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Effects of carboxymethylation and TEMPO oxidation on the reversibility properties of cellulose-based pH-responsive actuators

  • Lisa Lopes da Costa , Céline Moreau , Denis Lourdin , Bernard Cathala and Ana Villares ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 7, 2024
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Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal
From the journal Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal Volume 39 Issue 3

Abstract

Cellulose-based actuators hold great promise for diverse applications, including soft robotics, biomedicine, and electronics. Achieving reversible motion is crucial to design high performance bio-based actuators. In this study, we explore the impact of carboxymethylation and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidation on the reversible performance of cellulose-based pH-responsive actuators. Both methods introduce negatively charged groups onto the surface of cellulose fibers, enabling increased water uptake at high pH. However, comparative analyses revealed structural differences, guiding the design of reversible actuators. Carboxymethylated CNFs (CMCNFs) displayed enhanced water uptake and pH sensitivity, attributed to their less cohesive structure. Actuation and reversibility tests on bilayer films validated these findings. This research advances the understanding of cellulose functionalization for tailored actuation, contributing to the development of programmable materials for multiple applications.

Keywords: chitosan; nanocellulose; pH-sensitive; shape memory; stimuli-responsive
Corresponding author: Ana Villares, UR1268 BIA, INRAE, F-44316 Nantes, France, E-mail:

Funding source: Transform division (INRAE)

Funding source: Conseil Regional des Pays de la Loire

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully thank for the financial support of Région Pays de la Loire and Transform Division from the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment. The authors acknowledge the Bioresources, Imaging, Biochemistry, and Structure (BIBS) platform of INRAE for the access to microscopy facilities (Bruno Novales). Anne-Laure Reguerre is acknowledged for the excellent technical support for image acquisition and treatment. We thank Borregaard for kindly providing the cellulose nanofibers.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Investigation, L.L.C.; conceptualization, L.L.C., A.V.; discussion, L.L.C., C.M., D.L., B.C., A.V.; funding acquisition, A.V.; writing-original draft, L.L.C.; writing-review and editing, C.M., D.L., B.C., A.V.

  3. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

  4. Research funding: This work was funded by the Conseil Régional des Pays de la Loire and Transform Division from the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment.

  5. Data availability: Supporting information: Control QCM results of alkaline and acid aqueous solutions; ATR-IR spectra of films; and deconvolution of ATR-IR spectra.

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0016).

Received: 2024-03-11
Accepted: 2024-05-26
Published Online: 2024-06-07
Published in Print: 2024-09-25

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Biorefining
  3. Chemical modification of kraft lignin using black liquor heat treatment
  4. Chemical Pulping
  5. A review on chemical mechanisms of kraft pulping
  6. Estimating lags in a kraft mill
  7. Paper Technology
  8. Effect of wettability on paper literature deacidification by ultrasonic atomization
  9. Thermoformed products from high-density polyethylene and Softwood kraft pulp
  10. Paper Physics
  11. Rate-dependent tensile properties of paperboard and its plies
  12. Comparing the in-plane shear moduli of cardboard measured by flexural vibration, torsional vibration, static torsion, off-axis vibration, and off-axis tension tests
  13. Paper Chemistry
  14. Analysis of polydisperse polymer adsorption on porous cellulose fibers
  15. Effects of carboxymethylation and TEMPO oxidation on the reversibility properties of cellulose-based pH-responsive actuators
  16. Coating
  17. Plastic-free, oil- and water-resistant paper for food packing
  18. Quantitative study of thermal barrier models for paper-based barrier materials using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
  19. Printing
  20. Influence of selected sheet-fed offset printing conditions on primary mottling
  21. Packaging
  22. The study of citric acid crosslinked β-cyclodextrin/hydroxypropyl cellulose food preservation film
  23. Environmental Impact
  24. Effect of flax sheet prepared by wet-laying technology on tensile properties of flax/polypropylene composites
  25. Modifications and applications of aerogel prepared with waste palm leaf cellulose in adsorptions for oily contaminations
  26. Use of secondary condensates from evaporation as washing liquid in kraft pulp bleaching
  27. Treatment of secondary fiber papermaking wastewater with aerobic granular sludge cultured in a sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor
  28. Recycling
  29. Alkaline treatment and fractionation of OCC for strength improvement
  30. Nanotechnology
  31. Preparation of microfibrillated cellulose by in situ and one step method using calcium hydroxide as swelling and grinding agent
  32. Chemical Technology/Modifications
  33. Preparation and application in the paper protection of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted with β-cyclodextrin
https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2024-0016
Keywords for this article
chitosan; nanocellulose; pH-sensitive; shape memory; stimuli-responsive

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Biorefining
  3. Chemical modification of kraft lignin using black liquor heat treatment
  4. Chemical Pulping
  5. A review on chemical mechanisms of kraft pulping
  6. Estimating lags in a kraft mill
  7. Paper Technology
  8. Effect of wettability on paper literature deacidification by ultrasonic atomization
  9. Thermoformed products from high-density polyethylene and Softwood kraft pulp
  10. Paper Physics
  11. Rate-dependent tensile properties of paperboard and its plies
  12. Comparing the in-plane shear moduli of cardboard measured by flexural vibration, torsional vibration, static torsion, off-axis vibration, and off-axis tension tests
  13. Paper Chemistry
  14. Analysis of polydisperse polymer adsorption on porous cellulose fibers
  15. Effects of carboxymethylation and TEMPO oxidation on the reversibility properties of cellulose-based pH-responsive actuators
  16. Coating
  17. Plastic-free, oil- and water-resistant paper for food packing
  18. Quantitative study of thermal barrier models for paper-based barrier materials using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
  19. Printing
  20. Influence of selected sheet-fed offset printing conditions on primary mottling
  21. Packaging
  22. The study of citric acid crosslinked β-cyclodextrin/hydroxypropyl cellulose food preservation film
  23. Environmental Impact
  24. Effect of flax sheet prepared by wet-laying technology on tensile properties of flax/polypropylene composites
  25. Modifications and applications of aerogel prepared with waste palm leaf cellulose in adsorptions for oily contaminations
  26. Use of secondary condensates from evaporation as washing liquid in kraft pulp bleaching
  27. Treatment of secondary fiber papermaking wastewater with aerobic granular sludge cultured in a sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor
  28. Recycling
  29. Alkaline treatment and fractionation of OCC for strength improvement
  30. Nanotechnology
  31. Preparation of microfibrillated cellulose by in situ and one step method using calcium hydroxide as swelling and grinding agent
  32. Chemical Technology/Modifications
  33. Preparation and application in the paper protection of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted with β-cyclodextrin
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