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Chemical modification of kraft lignin using black liquor heat treatment

  • Iara Fontes Demuner , Fernando José Borges Gomes ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Marcela Ribeiro Coura , Antonio Jacinto Demuner , Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho , Diana Catalina Cubides-Román , Larisse Aparecida Ribas Batalha and Rosane Nora Castro
Published/Copyright: June 3, 2024
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Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal
From the journal Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal Volume 39 Issue 3

Abstract

Utilizing kraft technical lignin to produce value-added products is one of the obstacles associated with kraft mill work as an operational biorefinery. The objective of this work was to evaluate chemical modification in eucalypt kraft lignin after heat treatment of black liquor. To prove possible structural changes, advanced analytical tools were used, such as pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D NMR). Kraft lignins extracted from heat-treated liquors compared with the untreated liquors showed a high total lignin content, varying between 96.4 and 98.3 %, and a lower content of sugars and ash. Py-GC/MS, FTIR and 2D NMR analyses showed interesting modification on the lignin structure, such as a reduction in S-type and G-type lignin and an increase in H-type and Ca-type lignin with heat treatment of the black liquor. The heat treatment of the black liquor proved to be efficient in the chemical modification of the extracted kraft lignins. Demethylation and demethoxylation reactions occurred and they generated kraft lignin with free phenolic groups and that were rich in catechol groups.

Keywords: demethoxylation; demethylation; eucalypt lignin
Corresponding author: Fernando José Borges Gomes, Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 07, CP. 2682, 1 CEP 2389-0000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil, E-mail:

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Conceptualization: Iara Fontes Demuner, Fernando José Borges Gomes, Antonio Jacinto Demuner, Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho. Methodology: Iara Fontes Demuner, Fernando José Borges Gomes, Marcela Ribeiro Coura, Diana Catalina Cubides-Román, Larisse Aparecida Ribas Batalha, Rosane Nora Castro. Formal analysis and investigation: Iara Fontes Demuner, Fernando José Borges Gomes, Marcela Ribeiro Coura, Antonio Jacinto Demuner, Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho. Writing – original draft preparation: Iara Fontes Demuner. Writing – review and editing: Fernando José Borges Gomes, Marcela Ribeiro Coura, Antonio Jacinto Demuner, Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho, Diana Catalina Cubides-Román, Larisse Aparecida Ribas Batalha, Rosane Nora Castro.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: Funding provided by the Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG), from the Brazilian National Council for Science and Technology Development (CNPq), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and from the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) is greatly appreciated.

  5. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Received: 2023-12-11
Accepted: 2024-05-03
Published Online: 2024-06-03
Published in Print: 2024-09-25

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Biorefining
  3. Chemical modification of kraft lignin using black liquor heat treatment
  4. Chemical Pulping
  5. A review on chemical mechanisms of kraft pulping
  6. Estimating lags in a kraft mill
  7. Paper Technology
  8. Effect of wettability on paper literature deacidification by ultrasonic atomization
  9. Thermoformed products from high-density polyethylene and Softwood kraft pulp
  10. Paper Physics
  11. Rate-dependent tensile properties of paperboard and its plies
  12. Comparing the in-plane shear moduli of cardboard measured by flexural vibration, torsional vibration, static torsion, off-axis vibration, and off-axis tension tests
  13. Paper Chemistry
  14. Analysis of polydisperse polymer adsorption on porous cellulose fibers
  15. Effects of carboxymethylation and TEMPO oxidation on the reversibility properties of cellulose-based pH-responsive actuators
  16. Coating
  17. Plastic-free, oil- and water-resistant paper for food packing
  18. Quantitative study of thermal barrier models for paper-based barrier materials using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
  19. Printing
  20. Influence of selected sheet-fed offset printing conditions on primary mottling
  21. Packaging
  22. The study of citric acid crosslinked β-cyclodextrin/hydroxypropyl cellulose food preservation film
  23. Environmental Impact
  24. Effect of flax sheet prepared by wet-laying technology on tensile properties of flax/polypropylene composites
  25. Modifications and applications of aerogel prepared with waste palm leaf cellulose in adsorptions for oily contaminations
  26. Use of secondary condensates from evaporation as washing liquid in kraft pulp bleaching
  27. Treatment of secondary fiber papermaking wastewater with aerobic granular sludge cultured in a sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor
  28. Recycling
  29. Alkaline treatment and fractionation of OCC for strength improvement
  30. Nanotechnology
  31. Preparation of microfibrillated cellulose by in situ and one step method using calcium hydroxide as swelling and grinding agent
  32. Chemical Technology/Modifications
  33. Preparation and application in the paper protection of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted with β-cyclodextrin
https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2023-0091
Keywords for this article
demethoxylation; demethylation; eucalypt lignin

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Biorefining
  3. Chemical modification of kraft lignin using black liquor heat treatment
  4. Chemical Pulping
  5. A review on chemical mechanisms of kraft pulping
  6. Estimating lags in a kraft mill
  7. Paper Technology
  8. Effect of wettability on paper literature deacidification by ultrasonic atomization
  9. Thermoformed products from high-density polyethylene and Softwood kraft pulp
  10. Paper Physics
  11. Rate-dependent tensile properties of paperboard and its plies
  12. Comparing the in-plane shear moduli of cardboard measured by flexural vibration, torsional vibration, static torsion, off-axis vibration, and off-axis tension tests
  13. Paper Chemistry
  14. Analysis of polydisperse polymer adsorption on porous cellulose fibers
  15. Effects of carboxymethylation and TEMPO oxidation on the reversibility properties of cellulose-based pH-responsive actuators
  16. Coating
  17. Plastic-free, oil- and water-resistant paper for food packing
  18. Quantitative study of thermal barrier models for paper-based barrier materials using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
  19. Printing
  20. Influence of selected sheet-fed offset printing conditions on primary mottling
  21. Packaging
  22. The study of citric acid crosslinked β-cyclodextrin/hydroxypropyl cellulose food preservation film
  23. Environmental Impact
  24. Effect of flax sheet prepared by wet-laying technology on tensile properties of flax/polypropylene composites
  25. Modifications and applications of aerogel prepared with waste palm leaf cellulose in adsorptions for oily contaminations
  26. Use of secondary condensates from evaporation as washing liquid in kraft pulp bleaching
  27. Treatment of secondary fiber papermaking wastewater with aerobic granular sludge cultured in a sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor
  28. Recycling
  29. Alkaline treatment and fractionation of OCC for strength improvement
  30. Nanotechnology
  31. Preparation of microfibrillated cellulose by in situ and one step method using calcium hydroxide as swelling and grinding agent
  32. Chemical Technology/Modifications
  33. Preparation and application in the paper protection of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted with β-cyclodextrin
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