Abstract
We live in an ever increasingly globalized and highly mediatized world dominated by images, in which machine learning helps the pervasive real cameras to scan and analyze our daily life. At the same time, visual media technologies and global echo-chambers are able to support revolutions or mobilize protest movements across the globe. Yet, in the field of international relations and new global studies, the dynamics of globalization are still generally approached by means of textual-philosophical investigation and the unit of analysis of the nation-state or the global cities, by looking with suspicion at, if not disregarding, the surplus of value of the image. In challenging some of the basic assumptions of globalization hypothesis, this study addresses the following research question: how has globality been transformed by globalized spatial practices of resistance? Informed by theory and methodologically articulated, this article calls for the epistemic function and power of images in the study of globalization. It also highlights strengths and weaknesses of a visual approach in the meaning-making process of the symbolic and social construction of the common sense of the global in people’s everyday life, under present conditions.
References
Adbusters. 2011. #OccupyWallStreet Weblog Post 13 July. http://www.adbusters.org/blogs/adbusters-blog/occupywallstreet.html (accessed January 12, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Althusser, L. 1971. Lenin and Philosophy, and Other Essays. New York: Monthly Review Press.Search in Google Scholar
Amsler, S. 2015. The Education of Radical Democracy. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203795545Search in Google Scholar
Anderson, B. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Search in Google Scholar
Arendt, H. 1998. The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226924571.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Argan, G. C. 1975. “Iconology and Ideology.” Critical Inquiry 2 (2): 297–305.10.1086/447841Search in Google Scholar
Axford, B. 1995. The Global System: Economics, Politics, and Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press.Search in Google Scholar
Bhagwati, J. 2007. In Defense of Globalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Baldwin, R. 2016. The Great Convergence: Information Technology and the New Globalization. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.10.4159/9780674972667Search in Google Scholar
Baldwin, R. 2019. The Globotics Upheaval: Globalization, Robotics, and the Future of Work. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.Search in Google Scholar
Barber, L., F. Henry, and A. Barker. 2019. “Vladimir Putin Says Liberalism has ‘Become Obsolete’.” Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/670039ec-98f3-11e9-9573-ee5cbb98ed36 (accessed July 24, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Barrow, C. W., and M. Keck. 2017. “Globalization Theory and State Theory: The False Antinomy.” Studies in Political Economy 98 (2): 177–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2017.1342999 (accessed February 1, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Baudrillard, J. 1984. The Evil Demon of Images. Waterloo: The Power Institute of Fine Arts.Search in Google Scholar
Belting, H. 2011. An Anthropology of Images: Picture, Medium, Body. Princeton: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9781400839780Search in Google Scholar
Benjamin, W. 1986. Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Search in Google Scholar
Bleiker, R. 2018. “Mapping Visual Global Politics.” In Visual Global Politics, edited by B. Roland. London and New York: Routledge.10.4324/9781315856506-1Search in Google Scholar
Blumer, H. 1969. Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press.Search in Google Scholar
Boulding, K. E. 1961. “The Image in the Political Process.” In The Image, 97–114. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Search in Google Scholar
Boulding, C. 2016. NGOs, Political Protest, and Civil Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. 1990. The Logic of Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.10.1515/9781503621749Search in Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. 1999. Acts of Resistance: Against the New Myths of Our Time: Against the Tyranny of the Market. Cambridge: Polity Press.Search in Google Scholar
Botwinick, A., and P. Bachrach. 1983. “Democracy and Scarcity: Toward a Theory of Participatory Democracy.” International Political Science Review 4 (3): 361–73, https://doi.org/10.1177/019251218300400308.Search in Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P., and Whiteside, S. 1990. Photography a Middle-Brow Art. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Bremmer, I. 2018. Us vs. Them: The Failure of Globalism. New York: Penguin.Search in Google Scholar
Brown, T. B. 2020. “Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.” Cornell University Computer Science and Computational Language. https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165 (accessed August 7, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Burdick, J. 2010. “Educational Inquiry and the Pedagogical Other.” In Handbook of Public Pedagogy, edited by J. A. Sandlin, B. D. Schultz, and J. Burdick, 116–24. Abingdon: Routledge.10.4324/9780203863688.ch12Search in Google Scholar
Burdick, J., and J. A. Sandin. 2010. “Inquiry as Answerability: Toward a Methodology of Discomfort in Researching Critical Public Pedagogies.” Qualitative Inquiry 16 (5): 349–60, https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800409358878.Search in Google Scholar
Butler, J. 2011. “Bodies in Public.” In Occupy! Scenes from Occupied America, edited by A. Taylor Astra, and K. Gessen, 192–93. London and New York: Verso.Search in Google Scholar
Castells, M. 1996. The Rise of Network Society. Malden, MA and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Search in Google Scholar
Choudhry, A. 2015. Learning Activism: The Intellectual Life of Contemporary Social Movements. Canada: University of Toronto Press.Search in Google Scholar
Couldry, N., and A. Hepp. 2017. The Mediated Construction of Reality. Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity.Search in Google Scholar
Crouch, C. 2019. The Globalization Backlash. Cambridge: Polity.Search in Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. 2012. Occupy. London and New York: Penguin Books.Search in Google Scholar
Cox, J. 2014. “Will Wall Street Remain the Financial Capital of the World?” CNBC: Rebel, Icons and Leaders. https://www.cnbc.com/2014/04/24/will-wall-street-remain-the-financial-capital-of-the-world.html (Accessed July 22, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Darian-Smith, E. 2020. “Globalizing Education in Times of Hyper-Nationalism, Rising Authoritarianism, and Shrinking Worldviews.” New Global Studies 141 (3): 47–68. https://doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2019-0020 (accessed July 20, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Darian-Smith, E., and P. C. McCarty. 2017. “A Global Theoretical Framework.” In The Global Turn: Theories, Research Designs, and Methods for Global Studies, 55–75. Oakland, California: University of California Press.Search in Google Scholar
Davis, M. 2019. “Friday Essay: Networked Hatred – New Technology and the Rise of the Right.” The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/friday-essay-networked-hatred-new-technology-and-the-rise-of-the-right-115837 (accessed August 14, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Davis, M. 2020. “The Online Anti-public Sphere.” European Journal of Cultural Studies 136754942090279, https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549420902799 (accessed (accessed August 14, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
de Certeau, M. 1984. The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Search in Google Scholar
de Vries-Jordan, H. 2014. “The Global Justice Movement and Occupy Wall Street: Spillover, Spillout, or Coalescence?” Global Discourse 4 (2–3): 182–202, https://doi.org/10.1080/23269995.2014.904547.Search in Google Scholar
de Sousa Santos, B. 2018. The End of the Cognitive Empire: The Coming of Age of Epistemologies of the South. Durham and London: Duke University Press.10.1215/9781478002000Search in Google Scholar
Della Porta, D. 2018. “Global Movements.” In The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies, edited by M. Juergensmeyer, et al. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.10Search in Google Scholar
Della Porta, D., and S. Tarrow. 2004. Transnational Protest and Global Activism: Social Movements, Interest Organizations, and Power. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Search in Google Scholar
Durante, T. 2009. The Visual Archive Project of the Global Imaginary. http://www.the-visual-archive-project-of-the-global-imaginary.com/visual-global-imaginary (accessed August 22, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Durante, T. 2013. “The Symbolic Construction of the Global Imaginary in Sydney and Melbourne.” Unpublished PhD Thesis. RMIT University. http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:160588.Search in Google Scholar
Durante, T. 2017. “A Visual Ideology of Globalization?” Global-E 10 (4). https://www.21global.ucsb.edu/global-e/january-2017/visual-ideology-globalization (accessed July 27, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Durante, T. 2018. “Visible Discourses and Invisible Ideologies? The Image as Global Political Theory.” Global-E 11 (51). https://www.21global.ucsb.edu/global-e/october-2018/visible-discourses-and-invisible-ideologies-image-global-political-theory (accessed May 27, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Durante, T. 2020. “The Global Imaginary in Theory and Practice. Perlego Conference Critical Perspectives on Image and Text [Blog].” https://www.perlegonetwork.com/blog/the-global-imaginary-in-theory-and-practice (accessed September 12, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Engler, M. 2011. “Let’s End Corruption – Starting With Wall Street.” New Internationalist. https://web.archive.org/web/20131102012454/http://newint.org/features/2011/11/01/wall-street-corruption-protests/ (accessed May 27, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Ferguson, T. S. 2013. “Using Visual Methods in Social Science Research.” In Social Research Methods, edited by M. Walter, 3rd ed. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Foucault, M. 1973. “The Visible Invisible.” In The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception, 1st ed., 149–73. Routledge.Search in Google Scholar
Freedberg, D. 1989. Power of Images: Studies in the History and Theory of Response. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226259031.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Frieden, J. A. 2007. Global Capitalism: Its Rise and Fall in the Twentieth Century. New York: Norton.Search in Google Scholar
Gautney, H. 2010. Protest and Organization in the Alternative Globalization Era: NGOs, Social Movements, and Political Parties. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9780230102057Search in Google Scholar
Gautney, H. 2011. “What is Occupy Wall Street? The History of Leaderless Movements.” The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-leadership/what-is-occupy-wall-street-the-history-of-leaderless-movements/2011/10/10/gIQAwkFjaL_story.html (accessed July 24, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Glasius, M., and G. Pleyers. 2013. “The Moment of 2011: Democracy, Social Justice, Dignity.” Development and Change 44 (3): 547–67, https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12034.Search in Google Scholar
Gombrich, E. H. 1972. “The Visual Image in Communication.” Scientific American 227 (3): 82–97, https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0972-82.Search in Google Scholar
Gould-Wartofsky, M. A. 2015. The Occupiers: The Making of the 99 Percent Movement. Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Gowen, A. 2012. “Occupy D.C. Protesters Sleep Under ‘Tent of Dreams,’ Defy No- Camping Rules.” Washington Post (Online). https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/occupy-dc-protesters-sleep-under-tent-of-dreams-defy-no-camping-rules/2012/01/31/gIQAxaRDgQ_story.html (accessed August 7, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Grady, J. 2008. “Visual Research at the Crossroads.” Forum: Qualitative Social Research 9 (3), https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-9.3.1173.Search in Google Scholar
Gramsci, A. 1971. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publishers.Search in Google Scholar
Harcourt, B. E. 2012. “Political Disobedience.” Critical Inquiry 39 (1): 33–55, https://doi.org/10.1086/668049.Search in Google Scholar
Harper, D. 1994. “On the Authority of the Image: Visual Sociology at the Crossroads.” In The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, edited by N. K. Denzin, and Y. S. Lincoln. London: Sage.Search in Google Scholar
Harper, D. 1998. “An Argument for Visual Sociology.” In Image-Based Research: A Sourcebook for Qualitative Researchers, edited by J. Prosser. London: Falmer Press.Search in Google Scholar
Hassan, R. 2011. “The Speed of Collapse: The Space-Time Dimensions of Capitalism’s First Great Crisis of the 21st Century.” Critical Sociology 37 (4): 385–402, https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920510380946.Search in Google Scholar
Hassan, R. 2020a. The Condition of Digitality: A Post-Modern Marxism for the Practice of Digital Life. Westminster: University of Westminster Press.10.16997/book44Search in Google Scholar
Hassan, R. 2020b. “Analogue Ontology and Digital Disruption.” Educational Theory and Philosophy, https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1767075.Search in Google Scholar
Hermann, R. H. 2013. “Perceptions and Image Theory in International Relations.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, edited by L. Huddy, 2 ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199760107.013.0011Search in Google Scholar
Highmore, B. 2002. Everyday Life and Cultural Theory. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203464229Search in Google Scholar
Howell, W. L. 2019. “Globalism is Dead. Long Live Globalization.” World Economic Forum – Agenda. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/01/long-live-globalization/ (accessed July 23, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Jay, M. 1988. “Scopic Regimes of Modernity.” In Vision and Visuality, edited by H. Foster, 1–28. New York: Dia Art Foundation.Search in Google Scholar
Joyeux-Prunel, B. 2019. “Visual Contagions, the Art Historian, and the Digital Strategies to Work on Them.” Artl@s Bulletin 8 (3): 128–44.Search in Google Scholar
Kaplan, T. 2019. “Bernie Sanders Proposes a Wealth Tax: ‘I Don’t Think That Billionaires Should Exist’.” The New York Times. [Online]. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/24/us/politics/bernie-sanders-wealth-tax.html (accessed December 8, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Kauppi, M. V. 2017. “Images and Theory in International Relations.” In The Sage Encyclopedia of Political Behavior, edited by F. M. Moghaddam. Thousand Oaks: Sage.Search in Google Scholar
Kotz, D. M. 2015. The Rise and Fall of Neoliberal Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.10.4159/harvard.9780674735880Search in Google Scholar
Lefebvre, H. 1981. Critique of Everyday Life. London and New York: Verso.Search in Google Scholar
Livesey, F. 2017. From Global to Local: The Making of Things and the End of Globalization. New York: Pantheon.Search in Google Scholar
Łukaszewicz Alcaraz, A. 2015. “Epistemic Function and Ontology of Analog and Digital Images.” Contemporary Aesthetics 13. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.7523862.0013.011 (accessed February 1, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Manovich, L. 2002. The Language of New Media. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.10.22230/cjc.2002v27n1a1280Search in Google Scholar
Manovich, L. 2013. Software Takes Command. London: Bloomsbury Academic.10.5040/9781472544988Search in Google Scholar
McCarty, P., and E. Darian-Smith. 2017. “Global Studies and Transdisciplinary Scholarship.” Global-e 10: 31.10.1515/ngs-2015-0018Search in Google Scholar
Middell, M., and S. Marung. 2019. “The Respatialization of the World as one of the Driving Dialectics under the Global Condition.” In Spatial Formats under the Global Condition, 1st ed., 1–12. Oldenburg: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110643008Search in Google Scholar
Milanović, B. 2016. Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press.10.4159/9780674969797Search in Google Scholar
Mirzoeff, N. 2015. How to see the World. London and New York: Penguin/Random House.Search in Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. J. T. 1987. Iconology: Image, Text, Ideology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226148052.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. J. T. 1995. “The Pictorial Turn.” In Picture Theory: Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation, 1st ed., 1–11. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Search in Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. J. T. 2000. “The Surplus Value of Images in Today’s World.” Etudes Litteraires 33 (1): 201–25.10.7202/501286arSearch in Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. J. T. 2002. “The Surplus Value of Images.” In What Do Pictures Want? The Lives and Loves of Images, 76–110. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.Search in Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. J. T. 2013. “Image, Space, Revolution: The Arts of Occupation.” In Occupy: Three Inquiries in Disobedience, edited by W. J. T. Mitchell, B. E. Harcourt, and M. Taussig, 93–113. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.10.1086/668048Search in Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. J. T. 2015. Image Science: Iconology, Visual Culture, and Media Aesthetics. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226231501.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Mittelman, J. H. 2004. Where Have All the Protesters Gone? YaleGlobal Online. https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/where-have-all-protesters-gone (accessed July 24, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Moghadam, V. 2012. Globalization and Social Movements: Islamism, Feminism, and the Global Justice Movement, 2nd ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Search in Google Scholar
Nederveen Pieterse, J. 2013. “What is Global Studies?.” Globalizations 10 (4): 499–514, https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2013.806746.Search in Google Scholar
Nederveen Pieterse, J. 2020. “Hybridity, So What? The Anti-hybridity Backlash.” InGlobalization and Culture: Global Melange, 4th ed., 113–37. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Search in Google Scholar
Occupy D.C. For Revolution. 2020. Why Occupy Wall Street Exists. http://www.occupydc.org/ (accessed August 7, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Occupy Together. 2011–2012. “We Are the 99%.” Internet Archive. https://web.archive.org/web/20130514230107/http://www.occupytogether.org/ (accessed May 24, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Pauwels, L. 2019. “An Integrated Conceptual and Methodological Framework for the Visual Study of Culture and Society.” In The SAGE Handbook of Visual Research Methods, edited by L. Pauwels and D. Mannay. London: Sage.10.4135/9781526417015Search in Google Scholar
Plato. 1987. “The Allegory of the Cave.” The Republic Book VII, 365–401. London: Penguin.Search in Google Scholar
Pleyers, G. 2011. Alter-Globalization: Becoming Actors in the Global Age. Cambridge: Polity.Search in Google Scholar
Ralston Saul, J. 2005. The Collapse of Globalism: And the Reinvention of the World. Toronto and New York: Penguin.Search in Google Scholar
Ratti, C. 2020. “Urban Demonstrations are a Triumph of the City.” Boston Globe [Online]. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/07/22/opinion/urban-demonstrations-are-triumph-city/.Search in Google Scholar
Richter, F. 2020. “Teach Giants Shrug Off COVID-19 Crisis.” Statista [Online]. https://www.statista.com/chart/21584/gafam-revenue-growth/.Search in Google Scholar
Ricoeur, P. 1986. Lectures on Ideology and Utopia. New York: Columbia University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Roland, P. E., and B. Gulyás. 1994. “Visual Imagery and Visual Representation.” Trends in Neurosciences 17 (7): 281–7, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(94)90057-4.Search in Google Scholar
Rose, G. 2001. Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching With Visual Materials. London and Thousand Oaks: Sage.Search in Google Scholar
Ruys, K. I., and D. A. Stapel. 2008. “The Secret Life of Emotions.” Psychological Science 19 (4): 385–91, doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02097.x.Search in Google Scholar
Sassen, S. 2008. Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages. Princeton: Princeton University Press.10.1515/9781400828593Search in Google Scholar
Sassen, S. 2018. “Researching the Localizations of the Global.” In The Oxford Handbook of Global Studies, edited by M. Juergensmeyer, M. B. Steger, S. Sassen, and V. Faessel, 73–92. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630577.013.46Search in Google Scholar
Schwabsky, B. 2011. “Signs of Protest: Occupy’s Guerilla Semiotics.” The Nation 14 December.Search in Google Scholar
Shaw, M. 2009. “State in Globality.” In Theory of the Global State: Globality as an Unfinished Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511521782.007Search in Google Scholar
Sitrin, M. 2012. “Horizontalism and the Occupy Movements.” Dissent [Online] 59 (2): 74–5, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/horizontalism-and-the-occupy-movements.10.1353/dss.2012.0052Search in Google Scholar
Smaligo, N. 2014. The Occupy Movement Explained. Chicago: Open Court.Search in Google Scholar
Smith, K. 2019. 50 Incredible Instagram Statistics. Brandwatch. https://www.brandwatch.com/blog/instagram-stats/ (accessed April 25, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Steger, M. B. 2008. The Rise of the Global Imaginary: Political Ideologies from the French Revolution to the Global War on Terror. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Steger, M. B. 2013. “It’s About Globalization, After All: Four Framings of Global Studies. A Response to Jan Nederveen Pieterse’s ‘What is Global Studies?’.” Globalizations 10 (6): 771–7, https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2013.845958.Search in Google Scholar
Steger, M. B. 2020a. “Globalisims in the 2020s: Three Future Scenarios.” In Globalisms: Facing the Populist Challange, 4th ed., 163–80. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Search in Google Scholar
Steger, M. B. 2020b. Globalization: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.10.1093/actrade/9780198849452.001.0001Search in Google Scholar
Steger, M. B., J. Goodman, and E. K. Wilson. 2013. Justice Globalism: Ideology, Crises, Policy. London and Thousand Oaks: Sage.10.4135/9781446270080Search in Google Scholar
Steger, M. B., and P. James. 2019. Globalization Matters: Engaging the Global in Unsettled Times. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781108557078Search in Google Scholar
Steger, M. B., and A. Wahlrab. 2017. “The Second Pillar of Global Studies: Transdisciplinarity.” In What Is Global Studies? Theory & Practice. Routledge.10.4324/9781315459332Search in Google Scholar
Steger, M. B., and E. K. Wilson. 2012. “Anti-Globalization or Alter-Globalization? Mapping the Political Ideology of the Global Justice Movement.” International Studies Quarterly 56: 439–54, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2012.00740.x.Search in Google Scholar
Ström, T. E. 2020. Globalization and Surveillance. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Search in Google Scholar
Taylor, C. 2007. Modern Social Imaginaries. Durham: Duke University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Thrasher, F. 2008. “Symbolic Interactionism.” In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods, edited by L. M. Given. Thousand Oaks: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909.n442.10.4135/9781412963909.n442Search in Google Scholar
Titcomb, J. 2020. “Apple Becomes First US Company to Hit $2 Trillion Value.” The Telegraph [Online]. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2020/08/19/apple-becomes-worlds-first-company-hit-2-trillion-value/ (accessed September 20, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Van Gelder, S. 2011. This Changes Everything: Occupy Wall Street and the 99% Movement. Oakland: Berrett-Koehler.Search in Google Scholar
Wirth, L. 1928. The Ghetto. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Search in Google Scholar
Wolf, M. 2005. Why Globalization Works. New Haven: Yale University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Wolff, R., and D. Barsamian. 2012. Occupy the Economy: Challenging Capitalism. New York: City Lights Books.Search in Google Scholar
Xinhua. 2017. (The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China) Full Text of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s Keynote Speech at the World Economic Forum in 2017. http://www.china.org.cn/node_7247529/content_40569136.htm (accessed July 24, 2020).Search in Google Scholar
Yates, L. 2015. “Everyday Politics, Social Practices and Movement Networks: Daily Life in Barcelona’s Social Centres.” Wiley Online Library (22), https://discoversociety.org/2015/07/01/protest-movement-networks-and-everyday-life-the-back-story-of-political-action/.10.1111/1468-4446.12101Search in Google Scholar
Zuboff, S. 2019. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. London: Profile Books.Search in Google Scholar
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editors’ Forum on Globality
- Editorial
- The State of Globality in a (Post)-COVID World
- Fear of Disconnecting: Global Health Imaginations and the Transformations of the Taiwanese State
- Globality and Entangled Security: Rethinking the Post-1945 Order
- Retrospective Redundancy: The Anthropocene and the Crisis of Historical Comprehension
- Against Global Literary Studies
- “The Future’s So Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades”: Globality and Our Common Dystopian Eco-Apocalyptic Science Fiction Streaming Future
- International Relations, New Global Studies, and the Epistemic Power of the Image
- What’s Wrong with the Global? The Interconnected Roles of Inequality, Migrancy, Criminality, Religion, Class, and Caste in India
- What’s Happened to Global News?
- Coda: Ten Questions on Globality
- Review Essays
- Ludger Kühnhardt and Tilman Mayer: The Bonn Handbook of Globality
- Sean Metzger: The Chinese Atlantic; Karel Davids: Global Ocean of Knowledge
- Brian Russell Roberts: Borderwaters: Amid the Archipelagic States of America
- Sianne Ngai. Theory of the Gimmick: Aesthetic Judgment and Capitalist Form
- Book Reviews
- Trond Undheim: Pandemic Aftermath: How Coronavirus Changes Global Society
- Stephen Wertheim: Tomorrow the World: The Birth of U.S. Global Supremacy
- David Sepkoski: Catastrophic Thinking: Extinction and the Value of Diversity from Darwin to the Anthropocene
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editors’ Forum on Globality
- Editorial
- The State of Globality in a (Post)-COVID World
- Fear of Disconnecting: Global Health Imaginations and the Transformations of the Taiwanese State
- Globality and Entangled Security: Rethinking the Post-1945 Order
- Retrospective Redundancy: The Anthropocene and the Crisis of Historical Comprehension
- Against Global Literary Studies
- “The Future’s So Bright, I Gotta Wear Shades”: Globality and Our Common Dystopian Eco-Apocalyptic Science Fiction Streaming Future
- International Relations, New Global Studies, and the Epistemic Power of the Image
- What’s Wrong with the Global? The Interconnected Roles of Inequality, Migrancy, Criminality, Religion, Class, and Caste in India
- What’s Happened to Global News?
- Coda: Ten Questions on Globality
- Review Essays
- Ludger Kühnhardt and Tilman Mayer: The Bonn Handbook of Globality
- Sean Metzger: The Chinese Atlantic; Karel Davids: Global Ocean of Knowledge
- Brian Russell Roberts: Borderwaters: Amid the Archipelagic States of America
- Sianne Ngai. Theory of the Gimmick: Aesthetic Judgment and Capitalist Form
- Book Reviews
- Trond Undheim: Pandemic Aftermath: How Coronavirus Changes Global Society
- Stephen Wertheim: Tomorrow the World: The Birth of U.S. Global Supremacy
- David Sepkoski: Catastrophic Thinking: Extinction and the Value of Diversity from Darwin to the Anthropocene