A finite graph is homeomorphic to the Reeb graph of a Morse–Bott function
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Irina Gelbukh
Abstract
We prove that a finite graph (allowing loops and multiple edges) is homeomorphic (isomorphic up to vertices of degree two) to the Reeb graph of a Morse–Bott function on a smooth closed n-manifold, for any dimension n ≥ 2. The manifold can be chosen orientable or non-orientable; we estimate the co-rank of its fundamental group (or the genus in the case of surfaces) from below in terms of the cycle rank of the graph. The function can be chosen with any number k ≥ 3 of critical values, and in a few special cases with k < 3. In the case of surfaces, the function can be chosen, except for a few special cases, as the height function associated with an immersion ℝ3.
(Communicated by Július Korbaš)
Acknowledgement
We thank D. Panov for finding, by our request, the immersion [16] of the Klein bottle, Figure 8. We also thank the anonymous reviewer for valuable suggestions.
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© 2021 Mathematical Institute Slovak Academy of Sciences
Articles in the same Issue
- Regular papers
- Properties of implication in effect algebras
- On a nonlinear relation for computing the overpartition function
- Six-cycle systems
- Representation of bifinite domains by BF-closure spaces
- L-fuzzy cosets in universal algebras
- Density of sets with missing differences and applications
- Degree of independence of numbers
- A generalization of a result on the sum of element orders of a finite group
- A New fuzzy McShane integrability
- Hankel determinants of second and third order for the class 𝓢 of univalent functions
- Herglotz's theorem for Jacobi-Dunkl positive definite sequences
- Functional inequalities for Gaussian hypergeometric function and generalized elliptic integral of the first kind
- Existence on solutions of a class of casual differential equations on a time scale
- On a general system of difference equations defined by homogeneous functions
- Jordan amenability of banach algebras
- A new notion of orthogonality involving area and length
- Reeb flow invariant ∗-Ricci operators on trans-Sasakian three-manifolds
- A finite graph is homeomorphic to the Reeb graph of a Morse–Bott function
- On first countable quasitopological homotopy groups
Articles in the same Issue
- Regular papers
- Properties of implication in effect algebras
- On a nonlinear relation for computing the overpartition function
- Six-cycle systems
- Representation of bifinite domains by BF-closure spaces
- L-fuzzy cosets in universal algebras
- Density of sets with missing differences and applications
- Degree of independence of numbers
- A generalization of a result on the sum of element orders of a finite group
- A New fuzzy McShane integrability
- Hankel determinants of second and third order for the class 𝓢 of univalent functions
- Herglotz's theorem for Jacobi-Dunkl positive definite sequences
- Functional inequalities for Gaussian hypergeometric function and generalized elliptic integral of the first kind
- Existence on solutions of a class of casual differential equations on a time scale
- On a general system of difference equations defined by homogeneous functions
- Jordan amenability of banach algebras
- A new notion of orthogonality involving area and length
- Reeb flow invariant ∗-Ricci operators on trans-Sasakian three-manifolds
- A finite graph is homeomorphic to the Reeb graph of a Morse–Bott function
- On first countable quasitopological homotopy groups
