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The prevalence of vestigial teeth in two beaked whale species from the North Atlantic

  • Andrew C. Kitchener EMAIL logo , Jeremy S. Herman , Mariel ten Doeschate , Nicholas J. Davison , Andrew Brownlow , Tobias Schwarz , Carl Chr. Kinze and Georg Hantke
Published/Copyright: February 6, 2023
Mammalia
From the journal Mammalia Volume 87 Issue 2

Abstract

Beaked whales, Family Ziphiidae, occur in deep offshore and oceanic seas, where they are very difficult to study, so that much of our knowledge about them is derived from stranded animals. Most beaked whales (e.g., genera Mesoplodon and Ziphius) have only one pair of mandibular teeth. A reduced dentition is widely regarded as an adaptation to suction feeding, primarily on squid. However, vestigial maxillary and mandibular teeth have been recorded in some species. Here, we describe new records of vestigial teeth in 12 Sowerby’s beaked whales, Mesoplodon bidens, and one Cuvier’s beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris, from a total 14 animals of these species, which stranded in 2019–2021 in Scotland. In nine M. bidens some tooth crowns were erupted and mild occlusal wear was visible, whereas pathological teeth were seen in ten individuals. The occurrence of vestigial teeth in Sowerby’s beaked whale appears to be significantly under-recorded, suggesting that vestigial teeth form as part of the normal development of the dentition. The reasons for the under-recording of the occurrence and the possible functionality of vestigial teeth in ziphiids are discussed.

Keywords: Mesoplodon ; pathology; vestigial teeth; Ziphius
Corresponding author: Andrew C. Kitchener, Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Chambers St, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK; and School of Geosciences, The Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK, E-mail:

Acknowledgements

We thank the SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Conservation Fund for their generous support of the collecting of killer whales and beaked whales by National Museums Scotland. We thank Wojtek Bachara for providing information about M. bidens strandings. We thank the following curators for providing information about specimens in their collections: Carola Azurduy Högström, Göteborgs Naturhistorika Museum, Anne Karin Hufthammer, Universitetsmuseet i Bergen, Daniella Kalthoff, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Christine Lefèvre and Géraldine Veron, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, Roberto Portela Miguez and Richard Sabin, Natural History Museum, London, Pablo Teta, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires. We also thank Vladimir Blagoderov for the photographs of the teeth.

  1. Author contributions: ACK and GH conceived the study. AB, MtD, NJD and GH collected the specimens. GH prepared and measured the teeth. TS carried out CT scanning on specimens. CCK and JSH contributed further records. All authors contriubuted to the writing of the paper.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

  4. Research ethics: This research was carried out on dead animals that had stranded on coasts in Scotland. Therefore, the specimens used in this study do not require institutional care approval and there are no international, national or institutional requirements for the consideration of the ethical treatment of the specimens of these taxa. All specimens that were collected for this study are registered in the collections of National Museums Scotland and are fully accessible to all researchers.

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Supplementary Material

The article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2022-0099).

Received: 2022-09-01
Accepted: 2022-12-13
Published Online: 2023-02-06
Published in Print: 2023-03-28

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2022-0099
Keywords for this article
Mesoplodon; pathology; vestigial teeth; Ziphius

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  2. Conservation
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  7. Feeding ecology of Massoutiera mzabi (Rodentia, Ctenodactylidae) in two national parks of Central Sahara
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