Meaning change in Chinese: A numeral phrase construction from adjectives to superlatives to definite descriptions

References

AnderBois, Scott, Adrian Brasoveanu & Robert Henderson. 2011. Crossing the appositive/at-issue meaning boundary. Semantics and Linguistic Theory 21. 328–346. http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/SALT/article/view/2551 (accessed 11 January 2016).10.3765/salt.v0i20.2551Search in Google Scholar

AnderBois, Scott, Adrian Brasoveanu & Robert Henderson. 2015. At-Issue proposals and appositive impositions in discourse. Journal of Semantics 32(1). 93–138. http://jos.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/1/93 (accessed 11 January 2016).10.1093/jos/fft014Search in Google Scholar

Bartsch, Renate & Theo Vennemann. 1972. Semantic structures. Linguistische Berichte 20. 19–32.Search in Google Scholar

Bhatt, Rajesh & Roumyana Pancheva. 2004. Late Merge of degree clauses. Linguistic Inquiry 35. 1–45. http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/002438904322793338 (accessed 06 October 2016).10.1162/002438904322793338Search in Google Scholar

Bierwisch, Manfred. 1989. The semantics of gradation. In Manfred Bierwisch & Ewald Lang (eds.), Dimensional adjectives, 71–261. Berlin: Springer Verlag.10.1007/978-3-642-74351-1_3Search in Google Scholar

Bundesen, Claus. 1990. A theory of visual attention. Psychological Review 97. 523–547. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2247540 (accessed 10 July 2015).10.1037/0033-295X.97.4.523Search in Google Scholar

Chao, Yuen Ren. 1968. A grammar of spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.Search in Google Scholar

Cheng, Lisa & Rint Sybesma. 1999. Bare and not-so-bare nouns and the structure of NP. Linguistic Inquiry 30(4). 509–542. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4179080 (accessed 11 July 2015).10.1162/002438999554192Search in Google Scholar

Chierchia, Gennaro. 1998. Plurality of mass nouns and the notion of ‘semantic parameter.’. In Susan Rothstein (ed.), Events and grammar, 53–104. Dordrecht: Kluwer.10.1007/978-94-011-3969-4_4Search in Google Scholar

Condoravdi, Cleo & Ashwini Deo. 2014. Aspect shifts in Indo-Aryan and trajectories of semantic change. In Chiara Gianollo, Agnes Jäger & Doris Penka (eds.), Language change at the syntax–Semantics interface, 261–292. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.10.1515/9783110352306.261Search in Google Scholar

Coppock, Elizabeth & David Beaver. 2014. A superlative argument for a minimal theory of definitenes. In Todd Snider (ed.), Proceedings of SALT 24, 177–196. Ithaca, NY: CLC Publications. http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/SALT/article/view/24.177 (accessed 06 October 2016).10.3765/salt.v24i0.2432Search in Google Scholar

Cresswell, Max. 1977. The semantics of degree. In Barbara Partee (ed.), Montague grammar, 261–292. New York: Academic Press.10.1016/B978-0-12-545850-4.50015-7Search in Google Scholar

Deane, Paul. 1991. Limits to attention: A cognitive theory of island phenomena. Cognitive Linguistics 2. 1–63. https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/cogl.1991.2.issue1/cogl.1991.2.1.1/cogl.1991.2.1.1.xml (accessed 10 July 2015).10.1515/cogl.1991.2.1.1Search in Google Scholar

Deo, Ashwini. 2014. Formal semantics/pragmatics and language change. In Claire Bowern & Bethwyn Evans (eds.), The Routledge handbook of historical linguistics, 393–409. New York: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Deo, Ashwini. 2015a. Diachronic semantics. Annual Review of Linguistics 1(1). 179–197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-125100 (accessed 18 February 2016).Search in Google Scholar

Deo, Ashwini. 2015b. The semantic and pragmatic underpinnings of grammaticalization paths: The progressive to imperfective shift. Semantics and Pragmatics 8. 1–52. http://semprag.org/article/view/sp.8.14 (accessed 22 February 2016).10.3765/sp.8.14Search in Google Scholar

Dong, Wei-guang. 2009. Some problems regarding analysing Chinese compound word structures. Studies in Language and Linguistics 3. 16–36.Search in Google Scholar

Eckardt, Regine. 2006. Meaning change in grammaticalization: An enquiry into semantic reanalysis. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199262601.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Fitzgibbons, Natalia, Yael Sharvit & Jon Gajewski. 2008. Plural superlatives and distributivity. Semantics and linguistic theory 18. 302–318. http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/SALT/article/view/2501 (accessed 18 February 2016).10.3765/salt.v18i0.2501Search in Google Scholar

Gawron, Jean Mark. 1995. Comparatives, superlatives, and resolution. Linguistics and Philosophy 18(4). 333–380. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00984929?LI=true (accessed 18 February 2016).10.1007/BF00984929Search in Google Scholar

Geurts, Bart. 2010. Quantity implicatures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511975158Search in Google Scholar

Grice, Paul. 1967. Logic and conversation. In Paul Grice (ed.), The William James Lectures, 41–58. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Grice, Paul. 1975. Logic and conversation. In Peter Cole & John Morgan (eds.), Syntax and semantics, 22–40. New York: Academic Press.Search in Google Scholar

Hackl, Martin. 2001. Comparative quantifiers. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology dissertation. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/8765?show=full (accessed 06 October 2016)Search in Google Scholar

Hackl, Martin. 2009. On the grammar and processing of proportional quantifiers: Most vs. more than half. Natural Language Semantics 17(1). 63–98. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11050-008-9039-x (accessed 06 October 2016).10.1007/s11050-008-9039-xSearch in Google Scholar

Heim, Irene. 1995. Superlatives: A case study on the division of labor of syntax and semantics. Ms., Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Search in Google Scholar

Heim, Irene.1999. Notes on superlatives. Ms., Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Search in Google Scholar

Heim, Irene. 2015. Definiteness and Indefiniteness. In Klaus Von Heusinger, Claudia Maienborn & Paul Portner (eds.), Handbook of semantics, 996–1025. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar

Höllmann, Thomas. 2014. The Land of the Five Flavors: A cultural history of Chinese cuisine. New York: Columbia University Press.10.7312/holl16186Search in Google Scholar

Hopper, Paul & Elizabeth Closs Traugott. 1993. Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Hopper, Paul & Elizabeth Closs Traugott. 2003. Grammaticalization, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139165525Search in Google Scholar

Horn, Lawrence. 1984. Toward a new taxonomy for pragmatic inference: Q-based and R-based implicature. In Deborah Schiffrin (ed.), Meaning, form and use in context: Linguistic applications, 11–42. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Huang, James, Li Audrey & Li Yafei. 2009. The syntax of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139166935Search in Google Scholar

Just, Marcel Adam & Patricia Carpenter. 1992. A capacity theory of comprehension:Individual differences in working memory. Psychological Review 94. 122–149. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1546114 (accessed 10 July 2015).10.1037/0033-295X.99.1.122Search in Google Scholar

Kennedy, Christopher. 1999. Projecting the adjective: The syntax and semantics of gradability and comparison. New York: Garland Press.Search in Google Scholar

Kennedy, Christopher. 2007. Vagueness and grammar: The semantics of relative and absolute gradable adjectives. Linguistics and Philosophy 30(1). 1–45. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10988-006-9008-0 (accessed 20 February 2016).10.1007/s10988-006-9008-0Search in Google Scholar

Kennedy, Christopher & McNally Louise. 2005. Scale structure, degree modification, and the semantics of gradable predicates. Language 81(2). 345–381. http://semantics.univ-paris1.fr/pdf/KennedyMcNallyScales.pdf (accessed 20 February 2016).10.1353/lan.2005.0071Search in Google Scholar

Klein, Ewan. 1980. A semantics for positive and comparative adjectives. Linguistics and Philosophy 4(1). 1–45. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00351812#page-1 (accessed 20 February 2016).10.1007/BF00351812Search in Google Scholar

Krifka, Manfred. 1989. Nominal reference, temporal constitution and quantification in event semantics. In Johan Van Benthem, Peter van Emde Boas & Renate Bartsch (eds.), Semantics and contextual cxpressions, 76–115. Dordrecht: Foris.10.1515/9783110877335-005Search in Google Scholar

Li, Charles & Sandra Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Search in Google Scholar

Link, Godehard. 1983. The logical analysis of plurals and mass terms: A lattice-theoretic approach. In Rainer Bäuerle, Christoph Schwarze & Arnim Von Stechow (eds.), Meaning, use and interpretation of language, 302–323. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar

Martin, Scott. 2017. Supplemental update. Semantics and Pragmatics 9(5). 1–61.10.3765/sp.9.5Search in Google Scholar

Matushansky, Ora. 2008. On the attributive nature of superlatives. Syntax 11(1). 26–90. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2008.00101.x/full (accessed 06 October 2016.10.1111/j.1467-9612.2008.00101.xSearch in Google Scholar

McCawley, James. 1992. Justifying part-of-speech assignments in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 6. 211–246.Search in Google Scholar

Partee, Barbara. 1994. Lexical semantics and compositionality. In Lila Gleitman & Mark Liberman (eds.), Invitation to cognitive science, 311–360. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar

Potts, Christopher. 2005. The logic of conventional implicatures. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://web.stanford.edu/~cgpotts/papers/potts-book-2005.pdf (accessed 23 January 2016).Search in Google Scholar

Rett, Jessica. 2014. The semantics of evaluativity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199602476.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Sauerland, Uli. 2003. A new semantics for number. In Proceedings of The Thirteenth Conference on Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT 13). 258–275. http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/SALT/article/view/2898 (accessed 20 February 2016)10.3765/salt.v13i0.2898Search in Google Scholar

Schwarzschild, Roger. 1996. Pluralities. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.10.1007/978-94-017-2704-4Search in Google Scholar

Schwarzschild, Roger. 2012. Directed scale segments. Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT 22). 65–82. http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/SALT/article/download/2661/2407 (accessed 19 February 2016).10.3765/salt.v22i0.2634Search in Google Scholar

Schwarzschild, Roger. 2013. Degrees and segments. Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT 23). 212–238. http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/SALT/article/view/2661 (accessed 19 February 2016).10.3765/salt.v23i0.2661Search in Google Scholar

Sharvy, Richard. 1980. A more general theory of definite descriptions. The Philosophical Review 89(4). 607–624.10.2307/2184738Search in Google Scholar

Sproat, Richard & Chilin Shih. 1988. Prenominal adjectival ordering in English and Mandarin. Proceedings of NELS 18. 465–489.Search in Google Scholar

Stateva, Penka. 2005. Presuppositions in superlatives. Ms., Humboldt University Berlin.Search in Google Scholar

Traugott, Elisabeth Closs & Richard Dasher. 2002. Regularity in semantic change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511486500Search in Google Scholar

Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 1988. Pragmatic Strengthening and Grammaticalization. Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 14. 406–416. http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/BLS/article/view/1784 (accessed 22 February 2016).10.3765/bls.v14i0.1784Search in Google Scholar

Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 1989. On the rise of epistemic meanings in English: An example of subjectification in semantic change. Language 65(1). 31–55. http://www.jstor.org/stable/414841 (accessed 22 February 2016).10.2307/414841Search in Google Scholar

Traugott, Elizabeth Closs & König Ekkehard. 1991. The Semantics-Pragmatics of grammaticalization revisited. In Elizabeth Closs Traugott & Bernd Heine (eds.), Approaches to grammaticalization, 189–218. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.19.1.10cloSearch in Google Scholar

Von Fintel, Kai, Danny Fox & Sabine Iatridou. 2014. Definiteness as maximal informativeness. In Luka Crnič & Uli Sauerland (ed.), The art and craft of semantics: A festschrift for Irene Heim, 165–174. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. http://dspace.mit.edu/openaccess-disseminate/1721.1/95780 (accessed 30 January 2016).Search in Google Scholar

Von Stechow, Arnim. 1984. Comparing semantic theories of comparison. Journal of Semantics 3(1). 1–77. http://jos.oxfordjournals.org/content/3/1-2/1.full.pdf+html (accessed 30 January 2016).10.1093/jos/3.1-2.1Search in Google Scholar

Wood, Johanna. 2003. Definiteness and number: Determiner phrase and number phrase in the history of English. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Dissertation.Search in Google Scholar

Wood, Johanna. 2007. Demonstratives and possessives: From Old English to present-day English. In Werner Abraham, Elisabeth Leiss & Elisabeth Starke (eds.), Nominal determination: Typology, context constraints, and historical emergence, 339–361. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.10.1075/slcs.89.18wooSearch in Google Scholar

Yanovich, Igor. 2016. Old English *Motan, variable-force modality, and the presupposition of inevitable actualization. Language 92(3). 489–521. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/629760 (accessed 6 October 2016).10.1353/lan.2016.0045Search in Google Scholar

Data sources

[Sources from Classical Chinese (126 AD–1408 AD)]Search in Google Scholar

Shangshu Zhushu [Annotations to Shangshu] Written by Kong Anguo. Edited and Printed by Ruan Yuan. Hangzhou 2014: Zhejiang University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Shiji [Records of the Grand Historian] Written by Sima Qian. Beijing 2006: Zhonghua Shujü.Search in Google Scholar

Taipingjing [Scriptures of the Great Peace] Annotated by Yang Jilin. Beijing 2013: Zhonghua Shujü.Search in Google Scholar

Zhiqian Yijing [Translations of Buddhist Scriptures by Monk Zhiqian] In Taisho Tripitaka, Volume 1. Edited by Takakusu Junjiro. Tokyo 1988: Tripitaka Publishing Company.Search in Google Scholar

Quanliang wen [The Complete Texts of the Liang Dynasty] Edited by Yan Kejun. Beijing 1999: The Commercial Press.Search in Google Scholar

Shenxiu Zhuan [Life of Shenxiu] In Jiu Tangshu, Volume 191. Written by Liu Xu, Jing Wu and Shu Wei. In Annotated Twenty-Four Histories and the History Draft of Qing. Beijing 1975: Zhonghua Shujü.Search in Google Scholar

Yugong Lun [Treatises on Yugong] In Siku Quanshu, Volume 11. Written by Cheng Dachang. Beijing 2004: National Library Press.Search in Google Scholar

[Sources from Modern Chinese (1900–1946)]Search in Google Scholar

Records of China's Participation of the Panama-Pacific Exposition, 1916Search in Google Scholar

Preface to the Collections from Xikou, 1921Search in Google Scholar

Exhibitions of Historical Materials of Cantonese Drama and Cantonese Music, 1931Search in Google Scholar

Sea Waves, 1946Search in Google Scholar

[Sources from Contemporary Chinese (1990–2007)]Search in Google Scholar

SketchEngine _Xinhua News Agency, September 1995Search in Google Scholar

SketchEngine_Xinhua News Agency, April 2002Search in Google Scholar

SketchEngine _Central News Agency, 2003Search in Google Scholar

SketchEngine _Sports Radio Transcript 1, November 2004Search in Google Scholar

SketchEngine _Calligraphy: The Electrocardiography of Human Spirit, 2005Search in Google Scholar

SketchEngine _Xinhua News Agency, May 2007Search in Google Scholar

[Other sources (2008–2014)]Search in Google Scholar

Hupu Lanqiu Luntan [Hupu basketball forum, online chatroom] http://bbs.hupu.com/Search in Google Scholar

Ijinnroku kyoudonoijinn [Roster of greats: Illustrious people from my native land, ijinroku's blog, online blog] [Japanese] http://blog.livedoor.jp/ijinroku/Search in Google Scholar

Gokuinndaigaku ibennto ichirann [Event Calendars of the Gokugakuin University] [Japanese] http://www.kokugakuin.ac.jp/letters/Search in Google Scholar