Abstract
In the postapartheid South African economic landscape, the idea of “empowerment” has been given special meaning in the concept “black economic empowerment,” or BEE. BEE serves as a vehicle for the transformation of the South African economy in general by promoting, amongst other things, increased black ownership and management of businesses, skills development and rural community development. These empowerment aspirations are also pursued in the mining industry in terms of the Mining Charter. The development of mining communities is one of the main features of empowerment in the mining industry. An analysis of the various versions of the Mining Charter shows a certain progression in the approach to the empowerment and development of rural mining communities: There is an increased emphasis on the poverty still faced by these communities, years after the introduction of the first Mining Charter. The question is whether the increased emphasis will mean much for mining communities. This article argues that the empowerment of mining communities in terms of the Mining Charter can be situated in the development paradigm and is subjected to the politics of development. For the purposes of this article, the politics of development refer to the underlying political and ideological assumptions of the idea of development, which have consequences for how a development problem is framed and the development beneficiary is represented. Inevitably, the problem faced by development beneficiaries is reduced to mere poverty, showing how the politics of development will affect how development solutions are constructed. Regarding the Mining Charter specifically, the politics of development causes uncertainty as to who may benefit from community development initiatives. The inability to identify or demarcate the mining community accurately means that the drafters of the Mining Charter can only employ poverty alleviation rhetoric. The rhetoric creates expectations with mining communities that mining companies cannot meet, placing significant pressure on the already volatile relationship between mining companies and mining communities.
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© 2018 Law and Development Review
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- Mapping Law and Development from African Perspectives: An Overview
- Legal Pluralism and Effective Governance for Development in Africa
- The African Union Agenda 2063 and the Imperative of Democratic Governance
- Unpacking Legal Pluralism in Commonwealth Africa – Towards Strengthening Methods for Rule of Law Programming for Development
- Demand for Law in the African Private Sector
- OHADA and the Making of Transnational Commercial Law in Africa
- Corruption in Public Procurement in Lesotho
- Law and Industrial Promotion
- Law and Development: Lessons from South Korea
- Has it Reinvented Iron Law? South Africa’s Social Industrialisation, not Iron Industrialisation
- Law–Finance–Growth Nexus in the Context of Africa
- Inclusive Industrialization: The Interplay Between Investment Incentives and SME Promotion Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Intellectual Property Rights for Development
- The Creative Industry and South African Intellectual Property Law
- Digital Rights Management System and Administration: A Wake-up Call for Nigeria!
- Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights in Nigerian Courts
- Poverty and Sustainable Development
- De-Growth and Sustainable Development: Rethinking Human Rights Law and Poverty Alleviation
- Macro Aid: Applying Microcredit’s Group Liability Principle to Foreign Aid
- Law as a Tool for Ensuring Contributions of Small-Scale Women Farmers to Food Security in Nigeria
- Law and Natural Resources
- The Protection and Promotion of a People’s Right to Mineral Resources in Africa: International and Municipal Perspectives
- Justifying Water Rights in Nigeria: Fiction or Achievable Panacea?
- Three Mining Charters and a Draft: How the Politics and Rhetoric of Development in the South African Mining Sector are Keeping Communities in Poverty
- Addressing Human Rights Concerns in the Extractive Resource Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa using the Lens of Article 46 (C) of the Malabo Protocol
- Wildlife Poaching and Rule of Law in Kenya
- Good Governance and Development in Botswana – The Democracy Conundrum
- Book Review
- Yong-Shik Lee: Reclaiming Development in the World Trading System
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- Mapping Law and Development from African Perspectives: An Overview
- Legal Pluralism and Effective Governance for Development in Africa
- The African Union Agenda 2063 and the Imperative of Democratic Governance
- Unpacking Legal Pluralism in Commonwealth Africa – Towards Strengthening Methods for Rule of Law Programming for Development
- Demand for Law in the African Private Sector
- OHADA and the Making of Transnational Commercial Law in Africa
- Corruption in Public Procurement in Lesotho
- Law and Industrial Promotion
- Law and Development: Lessons from South Korea
- Has it Reinvented Iron Law? South Africa’s Social Industrialisation, not Iron Industrialisation
- Law–Finance–Growth Nexus in the Context of Africa
- Inclusive Industrialization: The Interplay Between Investment Incentives and SME Promotion Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Intellectual Property Rights for Development
- The Creative Industry and South African Intellectual Property Law
- Digital Rights Management System and Administration: A Wake-up Call for Nigeria!
- Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights in Nigerian Courts
- Poverty and Sustainable Development
- De-Growth and Sustainable Development: Rethinking Human Rights Law and Poverty Alleviation
- Macro Aid: Applying Microcredit’s Group Liability Principle to Foreign Aid
- Law as a Tool for Ensuring Contributions of Small-Scale Women Farmers to Food Security in Nigeria
- Law and Natural Resources
- The Protection and Promotion of a People’s Right to Mineral Resources in Africa: International and Municipal Perspectives
- Justifying Water Rights in Nigeria: Fiction or Achievable Panacea?
- Three Mining Charters and a Draft: How the Politics and Rhetoric of Development in the South African Mining Sector are Keeping Communities in Poverty
- Addressing Human Rights Concerns in the Extractive Resource Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa using the Lens of Article 46 (C) of the Malabo Protocol
- Wildlife Poaching and Rule of Law in Kenya
- Good Governance and Development in Botswana – The Democracy Conundrum
- Book Review
- Yong-Shik Lee: Reclaiming Development in the World Trading System