Abstract
The Organisation for Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) was established in October 1993 with the ambitious aim of inciting economic development in its Member States. Through the adoption of Uniform Commercial Laws, the organisation is expected to create an enabling environment for business development, thereby providing for a path to economic growth and subsequent development. In light of this professed aim, both the transnational methodological approach and comparative law theories are used in this paper to critically analyse the various processes conducted under the OHADA banner and to engage in discussions on the highly debated role of law as a vehicle for development in sub-Saharan Africa. This exercise, which proves crucial in order to trace its origin within the global governance and law and development theories, allows us to present OHADA as a transnational legal system, while also highlighting both its strengths and limitations.
References
Legislation/Case Law
Case 120/78 Rewe-Zentral AG v Bundesmonopolverwaltung für Branntwein [1979] ECR 649.Search in Google Scholar
Treaty Establishing the Organisation for Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa, signed at Port-Louis (Mauritius) on 17 October 1993, amended by in Quebec on 17 October 2008.Search in Google Scholar
Books
Aman, A.C. and P. Zumbassen, Transnational Law: Actors, Norms, Processes (Charlottesville VA: Lexis-Nexis, 2012).Search in Google Scholar
Cox, R.W., Production, Power, and World Order: Social Forces in the Making of History (New York: Columbia University Press, 1987).Search in Google Scholar
Dickerson, C.M. (ed.), Unified Business Laws for Africa, Common Law Perspectives on OHADA (London, Philadelphia: GMB Publishing, 2009).Search in Google Scholar
Foster, N.G., Foster on EU Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).Search in Google Scholar
Hartley, T.C., The Foundations of European Community Law: An Introduction to the Constitutional and Administrative Law of the European Community (5th ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).Search in Google Scholar
Issa-Sayegh, J. and J. Lohoues-Obles, OHADA, Harmonisation du droit des affaires Colloque de Droit uniforme Africain (Brussels: UNIDA, Juriscope Bruylant, 2002).Search in Google Scholar
Issa-Sayegh, J. (ed.), OHADA, Traité et Actes Uniformes Annotés (Futuroscope Cedex, France: Juriscope, 2008).Search in Google Scholar
Laroui, A., The Crisis of the Arab Intellectual: Traditionalism or Historicism? (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976).Search in Google Scholar
Martor, B., N. Pilkington, D.S. Sellers and S. Thouvenot, Business Law in Africa, OHADA and the Harmonization Process (London, Sterling, VA, USA: Kogan Page Publishers, 2002).Search in Google Scholar
Martor, B., N. Pilkington, D.S. Sellers and S. Thouvenot, Business Law in Africa, OHADA and the Harmonization Process (2nd ed., London, Philadelphia: GMB Publishing, 2007).Search in Google Scholar
Menski, W., Comparative Law in a Global Context: The Legal Systems of Asia and Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).10.1017/CBO9780511606687Search in Google Scholar
Merryman, J.H., D.D. Clark and J.O. Haley, The Civil Law Tradition: Europe, Latin America, and East Asia (Charlottesville, VA: Michie, 1994).Search in Google Scholar
Nanda, V.P., R.H. Folsom and R.B. Lake (eds.), European Union Law after Maastricht: A Practical Guide for Lawyers Outside the Common Market (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1996).Search in Google Scholar
Said, E.W., Orientalism (London: Penguin Books, 2003).Search in Google Scholar
Smith, M.P. and L.E. Guarnizo (eds.), Transnationalism from Below (New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 2009).Search in Google Scholar
Wyatt, D. (ed.), Wyatt and Dashwood’s European Union Law (5th ed., London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2006).Search in Google Scholar
Watson, A., Legal Transplants: An Approach to Comparative Law (2nd ed., London: The University of Georgia Press, 1993).Search in Google Scholar
Watson, A., “Legal Culture v. Legal Tradition”, in M. Van Hoeke (ed.), Epistemology and Methodology of Comparative Law (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2004).Search in Google Scholar
Zweigert, K. and H. Kötz (1998), An introduction to Comparative Law (3rd ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press).Search in Google Scholar
Books Chapters
Armstrong, K., “Mutual Recognition”, in C. Barnard and J. Scott (eds.), The Law of the Single European Market (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2002).Search in Google Scholar
Cuming, R.C.C., “Harmonization of Law in Canada: An Overview”, in R.C.C. Cuming (ed.), Perspectives on the Harmonization of Law in Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto, 1985).Search in Google Scholar
Drainville, A.C., “The Fetishism of Global Civil Society: Global Governance, Transnational Urbanism and Sustainable Capitalism in the World Economy”, in M.P. Smith and L.E. Guarnizo (eds.), Transnationalism from Below (New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 2009).Search in Google Scholar
Goode, R., “Usage and Its Reception in Transnational Commercial Law”, in J.S. Ziegel (ed.), New Developments in International Commercial and Consumer Law: Proceedings of the 8th Biennial Conference of the International Academy of Commercial and Consumer Law (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 1998).Search in Google Scholar
Graziadei, M., “Comparative Law as the Study of Transplants and Receptions”, in M. Reinmann and R. Zimmermann (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).Search in Google Scholar
Kähler, L., “Conflict and Compromise in the Harmonisation of European Law”, in T. Wilhelmsson, E. Paunio and A. Pohjolainen (eds.), Private Law and the Many Cultures of Europe (Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2007).Search in Google Scholar
Mahler, S., “Theoretical and Empirical Contributions Towards a Research Agenda for Transnationalism”, in M.P. Smith and L.E. Guarnizo (eds.), Transnationalism from Below (New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 2009).Search in Google Scholar
McBarnet, D., “Transnational Transactions: Legal Work, Cross-Border Commerce and Global Regulation”, in M. Likosky (ed.), Transnational Legal Processes: Globalisation and Power Disparities (London: Butterworths, 2002).Search in Google Scholar
Nelken, D., “Towards a Sociology of Legal Adaptation”, in J. Feest and D. Nelken (eds.), Adapting Legal Cultures (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2001).Search in Google Scholar
Twining, W., “Reviving General Jurisprudence” in M. Likosky (ed.), Transnational Legal Processes: Globalisation and Power Disparities (London: Butterworths, 2002).Search in Google Scholar
Weatherill, S., “Why Harmonise?”, in T. Tridimas and P. Nebbia (eds.), European Union Law for the Twenty-First Century (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2004).Search in Google Scholar
Articles/Working Papers
Allot, A., Towards the Unification of Laws in Africa, 14/2 The International and Comparative Law Quarterly (1965).10.1093/iclqaj/14.2.366Search in Google Scholar
Andersen, C.B., Defining Uniformity in Law, 12 Uniform Law Review, no. 1 (2007).10.1093/ulr/12.1.5Search in Google Scholar
Andreasson, S., Orientalism and African Development Studies: The ‘Reductive Repetition’ Motif in Theories of African Underdevelopment, 26 Third World Quarterly, no. 6 (2006).10.1080/01436590500089307Search in Google Scholar
Bamodu, G., Transnational Law, Unification and Harmonization of Commercial Law in Africa, 38 Journal of African Law, no. 2 (1994).10.1017/S0021855300005489Search in Google Scholar
Berman, H.J., World Law, Fordham International Law Journal, no. 18 (1995).10.4102/koers.v64i2/3.509Search in Google Scholar
Berman, H.J., Global Legal Pluralism, Southern California Law Review, no. 80 (2007).10.1017/CBO9781139028615Search in Google Scholar
Boodman, M., The Myth of Harmonization of Laws, 39 The American Journal of Comparative Law, no. 4 (1991).10.2307/840738Search in Google Scholar
Carbonara, E. and F. Parisi, The Paradox of Legal Harmonization, 132 Public Choice, no. 3/4 (2007).10.1007/s11127-007-9162-0Search in Google Scholar
Cotterrell, R., What Is Transnational Law? Queen Mary University of London School of Law, Legal Studies Research Paper, No. 103 (2012), 37 Law and Social Inquiry, no. 2 (2012).10.1111/j.1747-4469.2012.01306.xSearch in Google Scholar
Dickerson, C.M., Harmonizing Business Law in Africa: OHADA Calls the Tune, 44 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, no. 1 (2005).Search in Google Scholar
El Saadani, S., Communication: OHADA, a Continent-Wide Perspective, 13 Uniform Law Review, no. 1–2 (2008).10.1093/ulr/13.1-2.485Search in Google Scholar
Fagbayibo, B., The Harmonisation of Laws in Africa: Is OHADA the Way to Go? 42 The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, no. 3 (2009).Search in Google Scholar
Fombad, C.M., Some Reflections on the Prospects for Harmonization of International Business Laws in Africa: OHADA and Beyond, 59 Africa Today, no. 3 (2013).10.2979/africatoday.59.3.51Search in Google Scholar
Fontaine, M., The Draft OHADA Uniform Act on Contracts and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contract, 3 Uniform Law Review (2004).10.1093/ulr/9.3.573Search in Google Scholar
Gaillard, E., Transnational Law: A Legal System or a Method of Decision Making? 17 Arbitration International, no. 1 (2001).10.1023/A:1008925729640Search in Google Scholar
Goode, R., Rule, Practice, and Pragmatism in Transnational Commercial Law, 54 The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, no. 3 (2005).10.1093/iclq/lei017Search in Google Scholar
Gopalan, S., Transitional Commercial Law: The Way Forward, 18 American U Int’l L Reviews, no. 4 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
Greenberg, D.F., Law and Development in Light of Dependency Theory, 3 Research in Law and Sociology (1980).Search in Google Scholar
Kenfack-Douajni, G., L’Influence de l’Internationalité dans l’Elaboration du Droit OHADA, 27 Revue Camerounaise de l’Arbitrage (2004).Search in Google Scholar
Legrand, P., European Legal Systems are not converging, 45 International and Comparative Law Quarterly, no. 1 (1996).10.1017/S0020589300058656Search in Google Scholar
Legrand, P., The Impossibility of Legal Transplants, 4 Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, no. 2 (1997).10.1177/1023263X9700400202Search in Google Scholar
Mancuso, S., Trends on the Harmonisation of Contract Law in Africa, 13 Annual Survey of International and Comparative Law, no. 1 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
Nzalie, J.E., Reflecting on OHADA Law Reform Mission: Its Impact on Company Law in Anglophone Cameroon, available at: <http://www.ohada.com/doctrine/ohadata/D-04-42.html>, accessed 30 January 2018.Search in Google Scholar
Perry, A., Effective Legal Systems and Foreign Direct Investment: In Search of the Evidence, 49 The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, no. 4 (2000).10.1017/S0020589300064654Search in Google Scholar
Stephan, P.B., The Futility of Unification and Harmonization in International Commercial Law, University of Virginia School of Law Legal Studies Working Papers, Working Paper No. 99-10 (1999).10.2139/ssrn.169209Search in Google Scholar
Other Documents
European Union in European Commission, Completing the Internal Market, COM (85) 310 final, para 64.Search in Google Scholar
M’baye, K., Historique de l’Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires, Avant-Propos de la Revue Penant no. 827 (1998), Spécial OHADA.Search in Google Scholar
Masamba, R., Modalités d’adhésion de la RDC au Traité de l’OHADA, Rapport Final (2005: Comité de Pilotage de la Réforme des Entreprises du Portefeuille de l’État).Search in Google Scholar
Ndulo, M., The Promotion of Intra-African Trade and the Harmonisation of Laws in the African Economic Community: Prospects and Problems, Paper presented at the Conference of the African Economic Community Treaty (Abuja, Nigeria: 27–30 January 1992).Search in Google Scholar
Tietje, C., A. Brouder and K. Nowrot (eds.), Philip C. Jessup’s Transnational Law Revisited – On the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of its Publication, Essays in Transnational Economic Law, Faculty of Law, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (2006).Search in Google Scholar
© 2018 Law and Development Review
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- Mapping Law and Development from African Perspectives: An Overview
- Legal Pluralism and Effective Governance for Development in Africa
- The African Union Agenda 2063 and the Imperative of Democratic Governance
- Unpacking Legal Pluralism in Commonwealth Africa – Towards Strengthening Methods for Rule of Law Programming for Development
- Demand for Law in the African Private Sector
- OHADA and the Making of Transnational Commercial Law in Africa
- Corruption in Public Procurement in Lesotho
- Law and Industrial Promotion
- Law and Development: Lessons from South Korea
- Has it Reinvented Iron Law? South Africa’s Social Industrialisation, not Iron Industrialisation
- Law–Finance–Growth Nexus in the Context of Africa
- Inclusive Industrialization: The Interplay Between Investment Incentives and SME Promotion Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Intellectual Property Rights for Development
- The Creative Industry and South African Intellectual Property Law
- Digital Rights Management System and Administration: A Wake-up Call for Nigeria!
- Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights in Nigerian Courts
- Poverty and Sustainable Development
- De-Growth and Sustainable Development: Rethinking Human Rights Law and Poverty Alleviation
- Macro Aid: Applying Microcredit’s Group Liability Principle to Foreign Aid
- Law as a Tool for Ensuring Contributions of Small-Scale Women Farmers to Food Security in Nigeria
- Law and Natural Resources
- The Protection and Promotion of a People’s Right to Mineral Resources in Africa: International and Municipal Perspectives
- Justifying Water Rights in Nigeria: Fiction or Achievable Panacea?
- Three Mining Charters and a Draft: How the Politics and Rhetoric of Development in the South African Mining Sector are Keeping Communities in Poverty
- Addressing Human Rights Concerns in the Extractive Resource Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa using the Lens of Article 46 (C) of the Malabo Protocol
- Wildlife Poaching and Rule of Law in Kenya
- Good Governance and Development in Botswana – The Democracy Conundrum
- Book Review
- Yong-Shik Lee: Reclaiming Development in the World Trading System
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- Mapping Law and Development from African Perspectives: An Overview
- Legal Pluralism and Effective Governance for Development in Africa
- The African Union Agenda 2063 and the Imperative of Democratic Governance
- Unpacking Legal Pluralism in Commonwealth Africa – Towards Strengthening Methods for Rule of Law Programming for Development
- Demand for Law in the African Private Sector
- OHADA and the Making of Transnational Commercial Law in Africa
- Corruption in Public Procurement in Lesotho
- Law and Industrial Promotion
- Law and Development: Lessons from South Korea
- Has it Reinvented Iron Law? South Africa’s Social Industrialisation, not Iron Industrialisation
- Law–Finance–Growth Nexus in the Context of Africa
- Inclusive Industrialization: The Interplay Between Investment Incentives and SME Promotion Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Intellectual Property Rights for Development
- The Creative Industry and South African Intellectual Property Law
- Digital Rights Management System and Administration: A Wake-up Call for Nigeria!
- Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights in Nigerian Courts
- Poverty and Sustainable Development
- De-Growth and Sustainable Development: Rethinking Human Rights Law and Poverty Alleviation
- Macro Aid: Applying Microcredit’s Group Liability Principle to Foreign Aid
- Law as a Tool for Ensuring Contributions of Small-Scale Women Farmers to Food Security in Nigeria
- Law and Natural Resources
- The Protection and Promotion of a People’s Right to Mineral Resources in Africa: International and Municipal Perspectives
- Justifying Water Rights in Nigeria: Fiction or Achievable Panacea?
- Three Mining Charters and a Draft: How the Politics and Rhetoric of Development in the South African Mining Sector are Keeping Communities in Poverty
- Addressing Human Rights Concerns in the Extractive Resource Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa using the Lens of Article 46 (C) of the Malabo Protocol
- Wildlife Poaching and Rule of Law in Kenya
- Good Governance and Development in Botswana – The Democracy Conundrum
- Book Review
- Yong-Shik Lee: Reclaiming Development in the World Trading System