A method for the calculation of annual limits on intake
-
D. Noßke
Abstract
The German Radiation Protection Ordinance issued in 1989 – as well as ICRP Publication 30 – included tables of annual limits on intake (ALIs). These are secondary limits derived to indicate those intake values which are not allowed to be exceeded within a year to meet the primary annual dose limits. The latest ICRP Publications dealing with doses for workers give no ALIs any more and also the IAEA Basic Safety Standards and the Council Directive of the European Commission do not list such values. And also the new Radiation Protection Ordinance as well as the federal gazette with dose coefficients do not include such values any more. However, it may be that they will be included as guiding levels in the calculation principles for the assessment of internal doses. This paper will give reasons why there are no ALIs given any more, it will show how ALIs could be calculated, it will show the influence of additional dose restrictions for female workers of child-bearing age, and it will discuss if radiation protection for the unborn child would be fulfilled if the dose limits of the radiation protection ordinance are met.
Abstract
Die deutsche Strahlenschutzverordnung von 1989 beinhaltet – ebenso wie ICRP Publikation 30 – Tabellen mit Grenzwerten der Jahresaktivitätszufuhr (GJAZ). Diese sind sekundäre Grenzwerte, die abgeleitet wurden, um Zufuhrwerte zu benennen, die innerhalb eines Jahres nicht überschritten werden dürfen, um die primären Jahresdosis-Grenzwerte einzuhalten. Die neuesten ICRP Publikationen, die sich mit Dosiswerten für beruflich Strahlenexponierte beschäftigen, und die EU Grundnormen fuhren solche Werte nicht mehr auf. Und auch die neue Strahlenschutzverordnung von 2001 und der Bundesanzeiger mit Dosiskoeffizienten beinhaltet nicht mehr solche Werte. Es ist allerdings möglich, dass sie in der neuen Berechnungsgrundlage zur Ermittlung der Körperdosis bei innerer Strahlenexposition als Hilfsgrößen aufgeführt sein werden. Diese Arbeit begründet, warum GJAZ-Werte kaum noch benutzt werden, und sie beschreibt, wie solche GJAZ-Werte berechnet werden können. Sie zeigt den Einfluss zusätzlicher Dosisbeschränkungen für beruflich strahlenexponierte Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter auf und diskutiert, inwieweit der Strahlenschutz für das Ungeborene gewährleistet ist, wenn die Grenzwerte der Strahlenschutzverordnung eingehalten sind.
References
1 Verordnung über den Schutz vor Schilden durch ionisierende Strahlen (Strahlenschutzverordnung – StrlSchV). Neufassung vom 30. 6. 1989. BGBl. I, 34, 1321–1375, 1989Search in Google Scholar
2 Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. ICRP Publication 30, Part 1. Annals of the ICRP Vol 2 No. 3/4 (1979) Pergamon Press Oxford10.1016/0146-6453(79)90096-4Search in Google Scholar
3 Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. ICRP Publication 30, Part 2. Annals of the ICRP Vol 4 No. 3/4 (1980) Pergamon Press Oxford10.1016/0146-6453(80)90046-9Search in Google Scholar
4 Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. ICRP Publication 30, Part 3. Annals of the ICRP Vol 6 No. 2/3 (1981) Pergamon Press Oxford10.1016/0146-6453(81)90126-3Search in Google Scholar
5 Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. ICRP Publication 30, Part 4. Annals of the ICRP Vol 19 No. 4 (1988) Pergamon Press OxfordSearch in Google Scholar
6 Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers – Replacement of ICRP Publication 61. ICRP Publication 68. Annals of the ICRP Vol 24 No. 4 (1995) Elsevier Science Ltd OxfordSearch in Google Scholar
7 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Labour Organization, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety ofSearch in Google Scholar
8 Radiation European Sources, Commission, Safety Council Series No. Directive 115, IAEA, 96/29Vienna /EUr(A1996to) M of 13 May 1996 laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiationSearch in Google Scholar
9 Verordnung über den Schutz vor Schaden durch ionisierende Strahlen (Strahlenschutzverordnung – StrlSchV). Neufassung vom 30. 6. 1989. BGBl. I, 34, 1714–1836, 2001Search in Google Scholar
10 Dosiskoeffizienten zur Berechnung der Strahlenexposition. Bundesanzeiger vom 28. 8. 01Search in Google Scholar
11 Individual monitoring for internal exposure of workers – Replacement of ICRP Publication 54. ICRP Publication 78. Annals of the ICRP Vol 27 No. 3/4 (1997) Elsevier Science Ltd OxfordSearch in Google Scholar
12 Richtlinie für die Ermittlung der Körperdosen bei innerer Strahlenexposition für beruflich Strahlenexponierte (Berechnungsgrundlage). Bundesanzeiger (2002), in preparationSearch in Google Scholar
13 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Annals of the ICRP Vol 21 No. 1–3 (1991) Pergamon Press OxfordSearch in Google Scholar
14 Age-dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 4 Inhalation Dose Coefficients. ICRP Publication 71. Annals of the ICRP Vol 25 No. 3–4 (1996) Elsevier Science Ltd Oxford10.1016/S0146-6453(00)80008-1Search in Google Scholar
15 Doses to the Embryo and Fetus from Intakes of Radionuclides by the Mother. ICRP Publication 88. Annals of the ICRP Vol 31 No. 1–3 (2001) Elsevier Science Ltd Oxford10.1016/S0146-6453(01)00022-7Search in Google Scholar
© 2002 Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Calendar of Events
- Calendar of Events • Veranstaltungskalender
- Summaries
- Summaries/Kurzfassungen
- Editorial
- Technical basis for the new German Radiation Protection Ordinance
- Articles
- The revised German Radiation Protection Ordinance
- Books
- Nuclear Fuel Safety Criteria – Technical Review
- Articles
- Radiological basis for the determination of exemption levels
- Books
- Safety of nuclear power plants: Design
- Articles
- Clearance of material with negligible levels of radioactivity based on the amended German Radiation Protection Ordinance
- Amendment of the General Administrative Regulation under Paragraph 47 of the Radiological Protection Ordinance
- Derivation of the maximum permissible activity concentrations in exhaust air
- Books
- Books • Bücher
- Articles
- Derivation of the maximum permissible activity concentrations in waste water
- Books
- Books • Bücher
- Articles
- Neue Regelungen für den Schutz von Mensch und Umwelt bei natürlichen Strahlenquellen
- A method for the calculation of annual limits on intake
- Books
- Generic Models for Use in Assessing the Impact of Discharges of Radioactive Substances to the Environment
- Articles
- Some issues with the International Basic Safety Standards – A time for reflection
- Books
- DIN-Taschenbuch 226. Qualitätsmanagement – Begriffe
- Articles
- Fundamental ICRP recommendations at the start of the 21st century: Status of the revision of ICRP Publication 60
- Books
- Predisposal management of radioactive wasste, including decommissioning
- Advances
- Advances•Patente
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Calendar of Events
- Calendar of Events • Veranstaltungskalender
- Summaries
- Summaries/Kurzfassungen
- Editorial
- Technical basis for the new German Radiation Protection Ordinance
- Articles
- The revised German Radiation Protection Ordinance
- Books
- Nuclear Fuel Safety Criteria – Technical Review
- Articles
- Radiological basis for the determination of exemption levels
- Books
- Safety of nuclear power plants: Design
- Articles
- Clearance of material with negligible levels of radioactivity based on the amended German Radiation Protection Ordinance
- Amendment of the General Administrative Regulation under Paragraph 47 of the Radiological Protection Ordinance
- Derivation of the maximum permissible activity concentrations in exhaust air
- Books
- Books • Bücher
- Articles
- Derivation of the maximum permissible activity concentrations in waste water
- Books
- Books • Bücher
- Articles
- Neue Regelungen für den Schutz von Mensch und Umwelt bei natürlichen Strahlenquellen
- A method for the calculation of annual limits on intake
- Books
- Generic Models for Use in Assessing the Impact of Discharges of Radioactive Substances to the Environment
- Articles
- Some issues with the International Basic Safety Standards – A time for reflection
- Books
- DIN-Taschenbuch 226. Qualitätsmanagement – Begriffe
- Articles
- Fundamental ICRP recommendations at the start of the 21st century: Status of the revision of ICRP Publication 60
- Books
- Predisposal management of radioactive wasste, including decommissioning
- Advances
- Advances•Patente