Home Technology Fission product isotope ratios as event characterization tools Part I: Particulate debris, isotopic activity ratios
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Fission product isotope ratios as event characterization tools Part I: Particulate debris, isotopic activity ratios

  • Y. Finkelstein

    Yehuda Finkelstein, Ph.D., Former: Scientific Methods & Data Fusion Section, International Data Centre, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, Provisional Technical Secretariat, Vienna Inter­national Centre, P.O.Box 1200, A-1400 Vienna, AUSTRIA (New addresses: P.O.Box 8108, Petach-Tikva 49180, ISRAEL, New

Published/Copyright: March 14, 2022
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

The main goal of this work is to develop quantitatively reliable tools that can be used to identify the origin of a nuclear event, e. g. discriminate between a nuclear explosion and an accidental reactor release. A model has been developed, which takes into account the wide range of conditions and parameters, which may exist in connection with nuclear events. Using the model, specific isotope activity ratios are defined, promising to be effective in event characterization, while reducing the influence of various nuclear scenarios to a minimum. Besides, an attempt was made to quantify the concept of “short irradiation reactor” and to set its limits, as related to an event characterization method.

Abstract

Hauptziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Entwicklung quantitativ zuverlässiger Methoden, die zur Identifizierung des Ursprungs eines nuklearen Ereignisses, z. B. zur Unterscheidung zwischen einer Kernexplosion und einer unfallbedingten Freisetzung aus einem Reaktor, verwendet werden können. Ein Modell wurde entwickelt, das die Vielzahl von Bedingungen und Parameter im Zusammenhang mit nuklearen Ereignissen berücksichtigt. Mit Hilfe des Modells werden spezifische Isotopenaktivitäten bestimmt, die vielsprechend sind für die Charakterisierung von Ereignissen und gleichzeitig den Einfluss verschiedener nuklearer Szenarien auf ein Minimum reduzieren. Zusätzlich dazu wurde versucht das Konzept des „short irradiation reactor“ zu quantifizieren und die Grenzen als Methode zur Ereignis Charakterisierung aufzuzeigen.

About the author

Y. Finkelstein

Yehuda Finkelstein, Ph.D., Former: Scientific Methods & Data Fusion Section, International Data Centre, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, Provisional Technical Secretariat, Vienna Inter­national Centre, P.O.Box 1200, A-1400 Vienna, AUSTRIA (New addresses: P.O.Box 8108, Petach-Tikva 49180, ISRAEL, New

References

1 Report of the IDC Technical Experts meeting on Event Screening 5-9 June 1998. CTBT/WGB/TL–2/10 (11 August 1998)Search in Google Scholar

2 De Geer; L.-E.: CTBT relevant radionuclides. PTS/idc – 1999/02 (April 1999)Search in Google Scholar

3 ORlGEN2.1, Oak Ridge Isotope GENeration and Depletion code. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1999)Search in Google Scholar

4 Freiling, debris. Nature E. C.; Kay, 209 (1966M. A.: ) 236 Radionuclide fractionation in air burst10.1038/209236a0Search in Google Scholar PubMed

5 De Geer, L.-E.: Internal technical report, CTBTO/IDC/SM (January 2000)Search in Google Scholar

6 Mamuro, T.; Matsunami, T.; Fujita, A.: Radionuclide fractionation in fallout particles from an air burst. Health Physics 14 (1968) 223–239. And (same data): Ann. Rep. Rad. Cent. Osaka Perfecture 7 (1966) 510.1097/00004032-196803000-00005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

7 De Geer, L.-E.; Arntsing, R.; Vintersved, I.; Sisefsky, J.; Jakobson, S.; Engstrom, J.-A.: Particulate radioactivity, mainly from nuclear explosions, in air and precipitation in Sweden, mid-year 1975 to midyear 1977. FOA report, C 40089-T2 (AL), Sweden (1978)Search in Google Scholar

8 Mamuro, T.: Physico-Chemical properties of fallout particles in relation to burst conditions. Atompraxis 14 (1968) 2410.1097/00004032-196803000-00005Search in Google Scholar

9 Rao, M. N.; Yoshikawa, K.; Thein, M.; Clark, R. S.; Kuroda, P. K.: Radiochemical and physical characteristics of single fallout particles. Health Physics 14 (1968) 135 and (same data): Clark, R. S.; Yoshikawa, K.; Rao, M. N.; Palmer, B. D.; Thein, M.; Kuroda, P. K.: J. Geophysical Research 72 (1967) 179310.1097/00004032-196802000-00008Search in Google Scholar

10 Sisefsky, J.; Arntsing, R.: Particles properties of debris from the Chinese nuclear test of March 18, 1972. FOA Report C-40113-T2(Al) (PB-81-100810) (1980)Search in Google Scholar

11 Mamuro, T.; Matsunami, T.; Fujita, A.; Yokshikawa, K.: Highly radioactive fallout particles from the fifth Chinese nuclear explosion of Dec. 28, 1966. Annual Report of the Radiation Centre of Osaka Perfecture 8 (1967) 1 and (same data): Mamuro, T; Matsuna­mi, T.; Fujita, A.; Yokshikawa, K.: Radionuclide fractionation in fallout particles from a land surface burst. J. Geophysical Research 74 (1969)137410.1029/JB074i006p01374Search in Google Scholar

12 Thein, M.; Beck, J. N.; Johnson, H.; Cooper, W. W.; Reynolds, M. A.; Clark, R. S.; Baugh, J. O.; Kuroda, P. K.: Fractionation of bomb-produced rare-earth nuclides in the atmosphere. Environmental Science & Technology 3 (1969) 66710.1021/es60030a004Search in Google Scholar

13 Moore, D. T.; Beck, J. N.; Miller, D. K.; Kuroda, P. K.: Radioactive hot particles from the recent Chinese nuclear weapon tests. J. Geophysical Research 78 (1973) 703910.1029/JC078i030p07039Search in Google Scholar

14 Mishra, U. C.; Sethi, S. K.; Negi, B. S.: Analysis of fission product mixtures in fresh fallout from Chinese nuclear explosion of January 23, 1976 by Ge(Li)gamma-ray spectrometry. Atomkernenergie 29 (1977) 49Search in Google Scholar

15 Mishra, U. C.; Sadasivan, S.; Datta, S.; Madhavan, R.: Observation on fresh fallout from the Chinese low yield tests of 1978. Atomenergie-Kerntechnik 34 (1979) 288Search in Google Scholar

16 Sadasivan, S.; Mishra, U. C.: Studies on fallout debris from the re­cent Chinese test. J. Geophysical Research 87 (1982) 734310.1029/JC087iC09p07343Search in Google Scholar

17 Aarkrog, A.; Lippert, J.: Comparison of relative radionuclide ratios in debris from the third and fifth Chinese nuclear test explosions. Nature 213 (1967) 100110.1038/2131001a0Search in Google Scholar

18 Perkins, R. Miley, H. S.; Hensley, W. K.; Abel, K. H.: Airborne radionuclides of concern and their measurement in monitoring a comprehensive test ban treaty, in: Husebye, E. S.; Daintry, A. M. (eds.): Monitoring a comprehensive test ban treaty. Kluwer Aca­demic Publishers (1996) 14310.1007/978-94-011-0419-7_12Search in Google Scholar

19 De Geer, L.-E.; Bjurman, B.; Arntsing, R.; Vintersved, I.; Finck, R.; Jakobsson, S.: Radioactive particulates in air and precipitation in Sweden, second quarter 1986. Tables and figures from FOA, C-20629-9.2 (1986)Search in Google Scholar

20 Liljenzin, J. O.; Skalberg, M.; Persson, G.; Ingemansson, T.; Aronsson, P. O.: Analysis of fallout in Sweden from Chernobyl. Radiochimica Acta 43 (1988) 110.1524/ract.1988.43.1.1Search in Google Scholar

21 Nir-El, Y.; Lewis, S. : Radioactivity ratios of particulate fission products useful as discriminants for nuclear event screening. NRC-2854, Soreq-NRC, Yavne Israel (1998)Search in Google Scholar

22 England, product yield T. R.; 1993Rider, . LB. A-F.: SUB-Evaluation 94-170, Los and Alamos compilation National of fission Lab., NM USA (1995)Search in Google Scholar

23 Reineking, A.; Becker, K. H.; Porstendörfer, J.; Wicke, A.: Air activity concentrations and particle size distributions of the Chernobyl aerosol. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 19 (1987) 159Search in Google Scholar

24 Denschlag, H. O.; Diel, A.; Glösel, K.-H.; Heimann, R.; Kaffrell, N.; Knitz, U.; Menke, H.; Trautmann, N.; Weber, M.: Fallout in Mainz area from the Chernobyl reactor accident. Radiochimica Acta 41 (1987) 16310.1524/ract.1987.41.4.163Search in Google Scholar

25 Hötzl, H.; Rosner, G.; Winkler, R.: Ground depositions and air concentrations of Chernobyl fallout radionuclides at Munich-Neuherberg. Radiochimica Acta 41 (1987) 18110.1524/ract.1987.41.4.181Search in Google Scholar

26 Krey, P. W.; Klusek, C. S.; Sanderson, C.; Miller, K.; Helfer, I: Radiochemical characterization of Chernobyl fallout in Europe, in: Volchok, H. L. (editor): A compendium of the environmental measurements laboratory’s research projects related to the Chernobyl reactor accident. Environmental Measurements Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, New York, NY, EML-460 (October 1 1986) 155-213Search in Google Scholar

27 Sigg, R. A.: Monitoring Chernobyl fallout in population centers near the Savannah River Site. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society 60 (1989) 73Search in Google Scholar

28 Winn, W. G.; Kantelo, M. V: Time dependent study of Chernobyl fallout near Savannah River Site. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society 60 (1989) 75Search in Google Scholar

29 Pienkowski, L.; Jastrzebski, J.; Tys, J.; Batsch, T.; Jaracz, P.; Kurcewicz, W.; Mirowski, S.; Szeflinska, G.; Szeflinski, Z.; Szweryn, B.; Wilhelmi, Z.; Józ,efowicz„ E. T.: Isotopic composition of the radioactive fallout in eastern Poland after the Chernobyl accident. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Letters 117 (1987) 37910.1007/BF02166042Search in Google Scholar

30 De Geer, L.-E.; Bjurman, B.; Arntsing, R.; Vintersved, I.; Finck, R.; Jakobsson, S. : Radioactive particulates in air and precipitation in Sweden, second quarter 1986. Tables and figures from FOA C-20629-9.2 (1986)Search in Google Scholar

31 Gudiksen, P H.; Harvey, T. F.; Lange, R.: Chernobyl source term, atmospheric dispersion, and dose estimation. Health Physics 57 (1989) 697–706. And: Chernobyl source term estimation. Lawrence Livermore National Lab., UCRL-JC—103413 (1990). And: Chernobyl source term estimation. EUR-13574 (V.1) (1991) 93–11210.1097/00004032-198911000-00001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

32 France, Working Paper: Fission Products from nuclear power plants and from nuclear tests. CD/NTB/WP.280 (6 December 1995)Search in Google Scholar

33 Jester, W. A. : Monitoring Chernobyl fallout at University Park, Pennsylvania, the American from Nuclear April Society 29 through (United May States) 22, 198663 (1991. Transaction ) 57 ofSearch in Google Scholar

34 Britannica CD, Version 99, Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. (19941999)Search in Google Scholar

35 United Stats of America, OSI radionuclides of interest. CTBT/ WGB-10/US/3 (31 August 1999)Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2001-06-27
Published Online: 2022-03-14

© 2001 Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Downloaded on 11.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/kern-2001-0080/html
Scroll to top button