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The radionuclide monitoring system of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation : from sample to product

  • M. Matthews and J. Schulze
Published/Copyright: March 14, 2022
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Abstract

The radionuclide monitoring network is one of the four technical components of the compliance-verification system associated with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Concentrations of radionuclides in the air are monitored at 80 stations worldwide from which spectral and counting data, together with meteorological and state-of-health data, are transmitted through a Global Communication Infrastructure to the Provisional Technical Secretariat in Vienna where the data are analyzed and reported as bulletins for States Parties. Support is provided by 16 Radionuclide Laboratories, which conduct sample analyses if necessary.

Abstract

Das Radionuklidmessnetz ist eine der vier technischen Komponenten des Vertrages über das Umfassende Verbot von Nuklearversuchen (UVNV). Konzentrationen von Radionukliden in der Atmosphäre werden weltweit von 80 Stationen überwacht, von denen Spektren, meteorologische und technische Statusdaten zum Vorläufigen Technischen Sekretariat in Wien übertragen werden, wo die Daten analysiert und in Form eines Bulletins an die Vertragsstaaten berichtet werden. Sechzehn Radionuklidlabors unterstätzen die Arbeit durch Analyse von Filterproben.

References

1 Schulze, J.; Auer, M.; Werzi, R.: Low level radioactivity measurement in support of the CTBTO. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 53 (2000) 2310.1016/S0969-8043(00)00182-2Search in Google Scholar

2 De Geer, L.-E.: Why noble gas monitoring in the IMS, private communication (1995)Search in Google Scholar

ANNEX: An example of a Reviewed Radioactivity Report

ATMOSPHERIC RADIONUCLIDE MEASUREMENT REPORT

SAMPLE INFORMATION

Station ID: NZP47 Detector ID: N7P47 001

Station Type: Detector Type: HPGe

Station Location: Kaitala, New Zealand

Detector Description: Detector in Christchurch (Kaitala South)

Sample ID: 0014339 Sample Geometry: DISC70MMXS

Sample Ouantitty: 19720.00 m3 Sample Type: Particulate

Collection Start: 2000/12/30 20:22 Sampling Time: 23.90 hours

Collection Stop: 2000/12/31 20:16 Decay Time 24.60 hours

Acquisition Start: 2001/01/01 20:51 Acquisition Time: 23.34 hours

Acquisition Stop: 2001/01/02 20:11 Avg Flow Rate: 825.10 m3/hr

Collection Station Comments:

FilterMngr.exe Version 2.7.0.1 at 2001/01/02 20:11:59.040 UTC 2001/01/01

IDC Analysis General Comments:

Analysis 2001/01/02 20:13:48

MEASUREMENT CATEGORIZATION

Categorization Legend: Level 1 = Typical Background Rad. Meas.; Level 2 = Anomalous Background Rad. Meas.: Level 3 = Typical Anthropogenic Rad. Meas.; Level 4 = Anomalous Anthropogenic Rad. Meas.: Level 5 = Mult. Abnormal Anthropogenic Rad. Meas. Spectrum Category: (1) Typical Background Rad. Meas.

ACTIVITY SUMMARY

NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY:

Nuclides Identified and not Quantified: BI-212, K-40, NA-22, TL-208

Nuclides Quantified:

Nuclide Half-Life Conc(μBq/m3) %RelErr

BE-7 53.3 D 3.3E + 03 4.69

PB-212 10.64 H 3.3E + 03 5.48

ACTIVATION-PRODUCT RADIOACTIVITY None Found

FISSION-PRODUCT RADIOACTIVITY None Found

MINIMUM DETECTABLE CONCENTRATION FOR KEY NUCLIDES

Nuclide Half-Life MDC(μBq/m3)

BA-140 12.75 D 5.33

CE-143 1.4 D 8.21

CS-134 2.06135 Y 1.37

CS-136 13.16 D 1.71

CS-137 30.0197 Y 1.57

I-131 8.04 D 1.58

I-133 20.8 H 6.05

MO-99 65.94 H 19.34

NB-95 35.15 D 1.66

RU-103 39.28 D 1.22

TE-132 78.2 H 1.64

ZR-95 64.02 D 2.66

ZR-97 17 H 10.24

PEAK SEARCH RESULTS

27 peaks found in spectrum by automated peak search.

24 peaks associated with nuclides by automated processing.

3 peaks not associated with nuclides by automated processing.

89 percent of peaks were associated with nuclides.

Note: * indigates that a peak was a component of a multiplet.

Energy Centrild Width FWHM % Eff NetArea %RelErr Nuclide Nts
72.86 222.10* 21 0.72 29.18 370.77 10.04 TL-208
74.86 228.18* 21 0.72 28.93 6766.06 1.62 PB-212
74.86 228.18* 21 0.72 28.93 6766.06 1.62 TL-208
77.14 235.12* 21 0.73 28.62 10781.92 1.40 PB-212
87.24 265.85* 16 0.97 27.09 3671.29 2.94 PB-212
89.93 274.02* 16 0.98 26.67 1131.32 4.66 PB-212
115.26 351.08 10 0.72 22.84 251.80 20.91 PB-212
238.58 726.21 12 0.86 13.12 16240.36 1.21 PB-212
277.36 844.16 12 0.71 11.61 442.20 12.76 TL-208
300.04 913.14 12 0.84 10.88 605.45 10.79 PB-212
377.26 1147.97 10 0.74 8.93 69.14 47.08 PB212XR
477.63 1453.16 14 1.09 7.17 39110.40 0.73 BE-7
510.85 1554.15 15 1.62 6.71 2053.77 3.95 TL-208
583.23 1774.18 16 1.17 5.85 3807.18 2.56 TL-208
672.92 1910.05 8 0.42 5.40 22.32 53.59 &
727.19 2211.79 17 1.34 4.58 843.85 6.20 BI-212
763.00 2320.62 15 1.29 4.33 74.77 33.20 TL-208
785.00 2388.40 10 1.08 4.19 91.74 26.89 BI-212
860.40 2616.65 18 1.36 3.75 461.75 8.76 TL-208
941.05 2861.73 13 1.32 3.36 52.57 37.52 &
1023.49 3112.25 8 0.62 3.03 23.48 60.44 &
1093.66 3325.14 16 1.39 2.79 87.91 25.58 TL-208
1274.58 3875.11 11 0.78 2.31 28.76 48.68 NA-22
1460.78 4440.78 19 1.82 1.96 188.01 14.46 K-40
1592.36 4840.49 21 2.05 1.78 124.91 18.57 TL-208
1620.57 4926.19 19 1.83 1.75 98.42 21.91 BI-212
2103.49 6393.15 23 2.67 1.39 125.00 20.13 TL-208
2614.53 7945.86 28 2.54 1.28 1070.32 4.75 TL-208

PROCESSING PARAMETERS

Threshold: 3

Peak Start (keV): 42

Peak End (keV): 3000

Left FWHM limit: 2

Right FWHM limit: 2

Multiplet FWHM limit: 5

Fit Singlets: On

Critical-level Test: On

Estimate Peak Widths: On

Baseline Type: STEP

Baseline Channels: 3

Perform Subtraction: Off

Energy Tolerance: 0.75

Confidence Threshold: 0.25

DATAQUALITY FLAGS

Name Pass/Fail Value Test

FlowRate PASS 825.105 >500

Ba140 MDC PASS 5.32725 <30

Be7 FWHM PASS 1.09042 <1.7

K40 Location Difference PASS 0.666016 < 3*std deviation

Normalized Gain Difference PASS 7.27177e-06 < 0.0001

EVENT SCREENING FLAGS

Activation Products present in this spectrum No

Only one fission product in spectrum No

2 or more fission products in spectrum No

Cs-l37 present in spectrum No

UPDATE PARAMETERS

Use MRP: Yes

Most Recent Prior sample: Used

Gain Shift (%): 0.1

Zero Shift (Channels): 0.5

Minumum Area: 100

Use Weights: On

Allow Multiplets: On

Force Linear: Off

Lookup Tol Floor (keV): 0.2

Default RER Intercept: 0.5

Default RER Slope: 0.035

Default ECR Slope: 0.366211

Do RER Update: Yes

CALIBRATION EQUATIONS

Energy vs. Channel

E(c) = –0.1357 + 0.3286*c + 1.045E-07*c2 – 6.501E – 12*c3

E = energy (keV); c = channel number

Resolution vs. Energy

FWHM(E) = 0.26 + 0.03928*SQRT(E)

FWHM = Full Width Half Max (keV): E = energy (keV)

Efficiency vs. Energy

L(E) = In(941.3/E)

e(E) exp{–3.393 + 1.233*L – 0.09379*L2 – 0.1966’L3 + 0.1366’L4 – 0.02683*L5

e = efficiency (counts/gamma); E = energy (keV)

SPECTRAL-REGION-OF-INTEREST (SROI) EDITING

PEAKS ADDET: none

PEAKS DELETED: none

SROIs MODIFIED: none

Nuclide ID Changes:

Average Concentration Differences: none

Nuclides Entering: none

Nuclides Leaving: none

Received: 2001-02-17
Published Online: 2022-03-14

© 2001 Carl Hanser Verlag, München

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