The radionuclide monitoring system of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation : from sample to product
-
M. Matthews
and J. Schulze
Abstract
The radionuclide monitoring network is one of the four technical components of the compliance-verification system associated with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Concentrations of radionuclides in the air are monitored at 80 stations worldwide from which spectral and counting data, together with meteorological and state-of-health data, are transmitted through a Global Communication Infrastructure to the Provisional Technical Secretariat in Vienna where the data are analyzed and reported as bulletins for States Parties. Support is provided by 16 Radionuclide Laboratories, which conduct sample analyses if necessary.
Abstract
Das Radionuklidmessnetz ist eine der vier technischen Komponenten des Vertrages über das Umfassende Verbot von Nuklearversuchen (UVNV). Konzentrationen von Radionukliden in der Atmosphäre werden weltweit von 80 Stationen überwacht, von denen Spektren, meteorologische und technische Statusdaten zum Vorläufigen Technischen Sekretariat in Wien übertragen werden, wo die Daten analysiert und in Form eines Bulletins an die Vertragsstaaten berichtet werden. Sechzehn Radionuklidlabors unterstätzen die Arbeit durch Analyse von Filterproben.
References
1 Schulze, J.; Auer, M.; Werzi, R.: Low level radioactivity measurement in support of the CTBTO. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 53 (2000) 2310.1016/S0969-8043(00)00182-2Search in Google Scholar
2 De Geer, L.-E.: Why noble gas monitoring in the IMS, private communication (1995)Search in Google Scholar
ANNEX: An example of a Reviewed Radioactivity Report
ATMOSPHERIC RADIONUCLIDE MEASUREMENT REPORT
SAMPLE INFORMATION
Station ID: NZP47 Detector ID: N7P47 001
Station Type: Detector Type: HPGe
Station Location: Kaitala, New Zealand
Detector Description: Detector in Christchurch (Kaitala South)
Sample ID: 0014339 Sample Geometry: DISC70MMXS
Sample Ouantitty: 19720.00 m3 Sample Type: Particulate
Collection Start: 2000/12/30 20:22 Sampling Time: 23.90 hours
Collection Stop: 2000/12/31 20:16 Decay Time 24.60 hours
Acquisition Start: 2001/01/01 20:51 Acquisition Time: 23.34 hours
Acquisition Stop: 2001/01/02 20:11 Avg Flow Rate: 825.10 m3/hr
Collection Station Comments:
FilterMngr.exe Version 2.7.0.1 at 2001/01/02 20:11:59.040 UTC 2001/01/01
IDC Analysis General Comments:
Analysis 2001/01/02 20:13:48
MEASUREMENT CATEGORIZATION
Categorization Legend: Level 1 = Typical Background Rad. Meas.; Level 2 = Anomalous Background Rad. Meas.: Level 3 = Typical Anthropogenic Rad. Meas.; Level 4 = Anomalous Anthropogenic Rad. Meas.: Level 5 = Mult. Abnormal Anthropogenic Rad. Meas. Spectrum Category: (1) Typical Background Rad. Meas.
ACTIVITY SUMMARY
NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY:
Nuclides Identified and not Quantified: BI-212, K-40, NA-22, TL-208
Nuclides Quantified:
Nuclide Half-Life Conc(μBq/m3) %RelErr
BE-7 53.3 D 3.3E + 03 4.69
PB-212 10.64 H 3.3E + 03 5.48
ACTIVATION-PRODUCT RADIOACTIVITY None Found
FISSION-PRODUCT RADIOACTIVITY None Found
MINIMUM DETECTABLE CONCENTRATION FOR KEY NUCLIDES
Nuclide Half-Life MDC(μBq/m3)
BA-140 12.75 D 5.33
CE-143 1.4 D 8.21
CS-134 2.06135 Y 1.37
CS-136 13.16 D 1.71
CS-137 30.0197 Y 1.57
I-131 8.04 D 1.58
I-133 20.8 H 6.05
MO-99 65.94 H 19.34
NB-95 35.15 D 1.66
RU-103 39.28 D 1.22
TE-132 78.2 H 1.64
ZR-95 64.02 D 2.66
ZR-97 17 H 10.24
PEAK SEARCH RESULTS
27 peaks found in spectrum by automated peak search.
24 peaks associated with nuclides by automated processing.
3 peaks not associated with nuclides by automated processing.
89 percent of peaks were associated with nuclides.
Note: * indigates that a peak was a component of a multiplet.
| Energy | Centrild | Width | FWHM | % Eff | NetArea | %RelErr | Nuclide | Nts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 72.86 | 222.10* | 21 | 0.72 | 29.18 | 370.77 | 10.04 | TL-208 | |
| 74.86 | 228.18* | 21 | 0.72 | 28.93 | 6766.06 | 1.62 | PB-212 | |
| 74.86 | 228.18* | 21 | 0.72 | 28.93 | 6766.06 | 1.62 | TL-208 | |
| 77.14 | 235.12* | 21 | 0.73 | 28.62 | 10781.92 | 1.40 | PB-212 | |
| 87.24 | 265.85* | 16 | 0.97 | 27.09 | 3671.29 | 2.94 | PB-212 | |
| 89.93 | 274.02* | 16 | 0.98 | 26.67 | 1131.32 | 4.66 | PB-212 | |
| 115.26 | 351.08 | 10 | 0.72 | 22.84 | 251.80 | 20.91 | PB-212 | |
| 238.58 | 726.21 | 12 | 0.86 | 13.12 | 16240.36 | 1.21 | PB-212 | |
| 277.36 | 844.16 | 12 | 0.71 | 11.61 | 442.20 | 12.76 | TL-208 | |
| 300.04 | 913.14 | 12 | 0.84 | 10.88 | 605.45 | 10.79 | PB-212 | |
| 377.26 | 1147.97 | 10 | 0.74 | 8.93 | 69.14 | 47.08 | PB212XR | |
| 477.63 | 1453.16 | 14 | 1.09 | 7.17 | 39110.40 | 0.73 | BE-7 | |
| 510.85 | 1554.15 | 15 | 1.62 | 6.71 | 2053.77 | 3.95 | TL-208 | |
| 583.23 | 1774.18 | 16 | 1.17 | 5.85 | 3807.18 | 2.56 | TL-208 | |
| 672.92 | 1910.05 | 8 | 0.42 | 5.40 | 22.32 | 53.59 | & | |
| 727.19 | 2211.79 | 17 | 1.34 | 4.58 | 843.85 | 6.20 | BI-212 | |
| 763.00 | 2320.62 | 15 | 1.29 | 4.33 | 74.77 | 33.20 | TL-208 | |
| 785.00 | 2388.40 | 10 | 1.08 | 4.19 | 91.74 | 26.89 | BI-212 | |
| 860.40 | 2616.65 | 18 | 1.36 | 3.75 | 461.75 | 8.76 | TL-208 | |
| 941.05 | 2861.73 | 13 | 1.32 | 3.36 | 52.57 | 37.52 | & | |
| 1023.49 | 3112.25 | 8 | 0.62 | 3.03 | 23.48 | 60.44 | & | |
| 1093.66 | 3325.14 | 16 | 1.39 | 2.79 | 87.91 | 25.58 | TL-208 | |
| 1274.58 | 3875.11 | 11 | 0.78 | 2.31 | 28.76 | 48.68 | NA-22 | |
| 1460.78 | 4440.78 | 19 | 1.82 | 1.96 | 188.01 | 14.46 | K-40 | |
| 1592.36 | 4840.49 | 21 | 2.05 | 1.78 | 124.91 | 18.57 | TL-208 | |
| 1620.57 | 4926.19 | 19 | 1.83 | 1.75 | 98.42 | 21.91 | BI-212 | |
| 2103.49 | 6393.15 | 23 | 2.67 | 1.39 | 125.00 | 20.13 | TL-208 | |
| 2614.53 | 7945.86 | 28 | 2.54 | 1.28 | 1070.32 | 4.75 | TL-208 |
PROCESSING PARAMETERS
Threshold: 3
Peak Start (keV): 42
Peak End (keV): 3000
Left FWHM limit: 2
Right FWHM limit: 2
Multiplet FWHM limit: 5
Fit Singlets: On
Critical-level Test: On
Estimate Peak Widths: On
Baseline Type: STEP
Baseline Channels: 3
Perform Subtraction: Off
Energy Tolerance: 0.75
Confidence Threshold: 0.25
DATAQUALITY FLAGS
Name Pass/Fail Value Test
FlowRate PASS 825.105 >500
Ba140 MDC PASS 5.32725 <30
Be7 FWHM PASS 1.09042 <1.7
K40 Location Difference PASS 0.666016 < 3*std deviation
Normalized Gain Difference PASS 7.27177e-06 < 0.0001
EVENT SCREENING FLAGS
Activation Products present in this spectrum No
Only one fission product in spectrum No
2 or more fission products in spectrum No
Cs-l37 present in spectrum No
UPDATE PARAMETERS
Use MRP: Yes
Most Recent Prior sample: Used
Gain Shift (%): 0.1
Zero Shift (Channels): 0.5
Minumum Area: 100
Use Weights: On
Allow Multiplets: On
Force Linear: Off
Lookup Tol Floor (keV): 0.2
Default RER Intercept: 0.5
Default RER Slope: 0.035
Default ECR Slope: 0.366211
Do RER Update: Yes
CALIBRATION EQUATIONS
Energy vs. Channel
E(c) = –0.1357 + 0.3286*c + 1.045E-07*c2 – 6.501E – 12*c3
E = energy (keV); c = channel number
Resolution vs. Energy
FWHM(E) = 0.26 + 0.03928*SQRT(E)
FWHM = Full Width Half Max (keV): E = energy (keV)
Efficiency vs. Energy
L(E) = In(941.3/E)
e(E) exp{–3.393 + 1.233*L – 0.09379*L2 – 0.1966’L3 + 0.1366’L4 – 0.02683*L5
e = efficiency (counts/gamma); E = energy (keV)
SPECTRAL-REGION-OF-INTEREST (SROI) EDITING
PEAKS ADDET: none
PEAKS DELETED: none
SROIs MODIFIED: none
Nuclide ID Changes:
Average Concentration Differences: none
Nuclides Entering: none
Nuclides Leaving: none
© 2001 Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Calendar of events • Veranstaltungskalender
- Summaries/Kurzfassungen
- Books • Bücher
- Editorial
- Testing times: The road to a Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
- Seismological monitoring of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
- Hydroacoustic monitoring system for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
- Books • Bücher
- Detection of atmospheric nuclear explosions: the infrasound component of the International Monitoring System
- The radionuclide monitoring system of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation : from sample to product
- Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: relevant radionuclides
- Particulate sampling in the IMS radionuclide network of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
- Books • Bücher
- Radionuclide laboratories supporting the network of radionuclide stations in verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
- Atmospheric transport modelling related to radionuclide monitoring in support of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty verification
- Books • Bücher
- The International Data Centre of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: vision and progress
- Technical methods employed for the On-Site Inspection
- Evaluation of the International Monitoring System and International Data Centre of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization
- Patent
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Calendar of events • Veranstaltungskalender
- Summaries/Kurzfassungen
- Books • Bücher
- Editorial
- Testing times: The road to a Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
- Seismological monitoring of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
- Hydroacoustic monitoring system for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
- Books • Bücher
- Detection of atmospheric nuclear explosions: the infrasound component of the International Monitoring System
- The radionuclide monitoring system of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation : from sample to product
- Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: relevant radionuclides
- Particulate sampling in the IMS radionuclide network of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
- Books • Bücher
- Radionuclide laboratories supporting the network of radionuclide stations in verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
- Atmospheric transport modelling related to radionuclide monitoring in support of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty verification
- Books • Bücher
- The International Data Centre of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: vision and progress
- Technical methods employed for the On-Site Inspection
- Evaluation of the International Monitoring System and International Data Centre of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization
- Patent