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“Also setzen alle mechanischen Gesetze die dynamischen voraus”: Kant and his German Predecessors on Dynamical and Mechanical Forces

  • Stephen Howard EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: May 29, 2025
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Abstract

The Mechanics chapter of the Metaphysical Foundations begins with the claim that the mechanical-derivative forces, which act between bodies, presuppose the dynamical-fundamental ones, through which bodies fill space. This article explores the historical context of Kant’s claim. The broadly Eulerian textbooks by J. P. Eberhard and J. C. P. Erxleben, which Kant used for most of his physics lectures, do not distinguish between fundamental and derivative forces, although they present views on impenetrability, the communication of motion, and elasticity that are close to positions Kant will defend. For the background to Kant’s claims about the relation between the mechanical and dynamical forces, we must turn to Wolff and Leibniz. I argue that on this issue Kant returns to Leibniz, although in a way that is informed both by Wolff’s scepticism about aspects of Leibniz’s philosophy and by the Eulerian textbooks.

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Published Online: 2025-05-29
Published in Print: 2025-05-28

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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