Home Genetic amniocentesis using atraumatic 29 gauge needle in patients having a chorioamniotic separation
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Genetic amniocentesis using atraumatic 29 gauge needle in patients having a chorioamniotic separation

  • Michael Tchirikov ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Constanze Scheler , Martin Gericke , Andreas Wienke , Carola Jung and Michael Entezami EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 8, 2022

Abstract

Objectives

Chorioamniotic separation (CAS) at the time of standard amniocentesis (AC) is a risk factor for postprocedural complications and should be avoided. The aim of this study was to quantify procedure-related risks after AC with a 29G-needle in cases of CAS, and evaluation of perinatal outcome in CAS after 15 weeks’ gestation (GW).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of genetic AC with a pencil-point 29G needle after 15 completed GW in pregnancies, in which the fetal membranes were not yet fused. Included into the study were women aged 16–44 years with at least 15 completed GWs referred for second trimester AC to identify fetal chromosomal aberrations.

Results

437 ACs were made in total with the 29G-needle. The median maternal age was 30 (16–44) years. 145 cases showed CAS where the distance between chorion and amnion was 0.10–10.02 mm at AC. 38 pregnancies were terminated, 37 of which had a genetic disorder. The risk of aneuploidy increases by a factor of 2 (95% CI 1.4–2.8) for every 1 mm of CAS enlargement. No procedure-related complications were found up to two weeks after the AC.

Conclusions

CAS seems to be massively underreported. Early diagnosis in case of CAS is something to strive for as CAS could be an indicator of genetic abnormalities – a “soft marker”. With the atraumatic 29G needle, the risk of complications after AC in CAS seems to be very low.


Corresponding authors: Prof. Michael Tchirikov, MD, PhD, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Center of Fetal Surgery, University Medical Center Halle (Saale), Martin- Luther- University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany, E-mail: ; and Michael Entezami, MD, PhD, Medical Center of Prenatal Diagnosis and Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany, E-mail:

Carola Jung, Current address: Klinikum Idar-Oberstein, Idar-Oberstein, Germany.


  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  5. Ethical approval: The protocol for the intervention and data collection was approved by the Ethics Committee of Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. All the procedures were conducted according to the Helsinki Declaration.

References

1. Steele, MW, Breg, WR. Chromosome analysis of human amniotic-fluid cells. Lancet 1966;1:383–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(66)91387-0.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

2. Bibbo, C, Little, SE, Bsat, J, Botka, KA, Benson, CB, Robinson, JN. Chorioamniotic separation found on obstetric ultrasound and perinatal outcome. AJP Rep 2016;6:e337–43. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1593407.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

3. Randomised trial to assess safety and fetal outcome of early and midtrimester amniocentesis. The Canadian Early and Mid-trimester Amniocentesis Trial (CEMAT) Group. Lancet 1998;351:242–7.10.1016/S0140-6736(97)12346-7Search in Google Scholar

4. Tabor, A, Philip, J, Madsen, M, Bang, J, Obel, EB, Nørgaard-Pedersen, B. Randomised controlled trial of genetic amniocentesis in 4606 low-risk women. Lancet 1986;1:1287–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91218-3.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

5. Scott, F, Peters, H, Boogert, T, Robertson, R, Anderson, J, McLennan, A, et al.. The loss rates for invasive prenatal testing in a specialised obstetric ultrasound practice. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2002;42:55–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0004-8666.2002.00061.x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

6. Kähler, C, Gembruch, U, Heling, K-S, Henrich, W, Schramm, T. Empfehlungen der DEGUM zur durchführung von amniozentese und chorionzottenbiopsie. Ultraschall der Med 2013;34:435–40.10.1055/s-0033-1335685Search in Google Scholar PubMed

7. Akolekar, R, Beta, J, Picciarelli, G, Ogilvie, C, D’Antonio, F. Procedure-related risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;45:16–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.14636.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

8. Enzensberger, C, Pulvermacher, C, Degenhardt, J, Kawacki, A, Germer, U, Gembruch, U, et al.. Fetal loss rate and associated risk factors after amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling and fetal blood sampling. Ultraschall der Med 2012;33:E75–9. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1299388.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

9. Corrado, F, Cannata, ML, La Galia, T, Magliarditi, M, Imbruglia, L, D’anna, R, et al.. Pregnancy outcome following mid-trimester amniocentesis. J Obstet Gynaecol 2012;32:117–9. https://doi.org/10.3109/01443615.2011.633717.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

10. Margioula-Siarkou, C, Karkanaki, A, Kalogiannidis, I, Petousis, S, Dagklis, T, Mavromatidis, G, et al.. Operator experience reduces the risk of second trimester amniocentesis-related adverse outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013;169:230–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.03.027.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

11. Tchirikov, M, Arnold, C, Oshovskyy, V, Heinrich, U-R, Thäle, V. Three years’ experience of using a 29-gauge atraumatic needle for amniocentesis. J Perinat Med 2012;40:413–7. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2011-0224.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

12. Tchirikov, M, Gatopoulos, G, Steetskamp, J, Heinrich, U-R, Brieger, J, Heidner, K, et al.. A 29-gauge atraumatic needle for amniocentesis. J Perinat Med 2011;39:431–5. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm.2011.039.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Laing, F, Mendelson, E, Böhm-Vélez, M, Bree, R, Finberg, H, Fishman, EK, et al.. First trimester bleeding. American college of radiology. ACR appropriate criteria. Radiology 2000;215:879–93.Search in Google Scholar

14. Zhu, KH, Young, BC, Shamshirsaz, AA, Espinoza, J, Sanz-Cortes, M, Donepudi, R, et al.. Outcomes of prenatally diagnosed spontaneous chorioamniotic membrane separation in singleton pregnancies: a systematic review of case series and case reports. Prenat Diagn 2020;40:1366–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5767.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

15. Pinette, MG, Wax, J, Blackstone, J, Cartin, A, McCrann, D. Timing of early amniocentesis as a function of membrane fusion. J Clin Ultrasound 2004;32:8–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.10214.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

16. Appelman, Z, Zalel, Y, Fried, S, Caspi, B. Delayed fusion of amnion and chorion: a possible association with trisomy 21. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998;11:303–4. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.1998.11040303.x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

17. Erol, O, Erol, M, Karaca, M. Complete chorioamniotic separation and persistence of a yolk sac associated with triploidy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2013;35:914–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30813-6.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

18. Odibo, AO, Gray, DL, Dicke, JM, Stamilio, DM, Macones, GA, Crane, JP. Revisiting the fetal loss rate after second-trimester genetic amniocentesis: a single center’s 16-year experience. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:589–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e318162eb53.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Hoseini, SM, Kalantar, SM, Bahrami, AR, Matin, MM. Human amniocytes: a comprehensive study on morphology, frequency and growth properties of subpopulations from a single clone to the senescence. Cell Tiss Biol 2020;14:102–12.10.1134/S1990519X20020042Search in Google Scholar

20. Prusa, A-R, Hengstschlager, M. Amniotic fluid cells and human stem cell research: a new connection. Med Sci Monit 2002;8:RA253–7.Search in Google Scholar

21. Hadi, E, Sharony, R, Goldberg-Bittman, L, Biron-Shental, T, Fejgin, M, Amiel, A. Telomere aggregates in trisomy 21 amniocytes. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2009;195:23–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.03.003.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

22. Pereira, PNG, Dobreva, MP, Graham, L, Huylebroeck, D, Lawson, KA, Zwijsen, AN. Amnion formation in the mouse embryo: the single amniochorionic fold model. BMC Dev Biol 2011;11:48. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-213x-11-48.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

23. Levine, D, Callen, PW, Pender, SG, McArdle, CR, Messina, L, Shekhar, A, et al.. Chorioamniotic separation after second-trimester genetic amniocentesis: importance and frequency. Radiology 1998;209:175–81. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.209.1.9769829.Search in Google Scholar

24. Burrows, PE, Lyons, EA, Phillips, HJ, Oates, I. Intrauterine membranes: sonographic findings and clinical significance. J Clin Ultrasound 1982;10:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.1870100102.Search in Google Scholar

25. Johnson, JM, Wilson, RD, Singer, J, Winsor, E, Harman, C, Armson, BA, et al.. Technical factors in early amniocentesis predict adverse outcome. Results of the Canadian Early (EA) versus Mid-trimester (MA) Amniocentesis Trial. Prenat Diagn 1999;19:732–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199908)19:8<732::aid-pd624>3.0.co;2-n.10.1002/(SICI)1097-0223(199908)19:8<732::AID-PD624>3.0.CO;2-NSearch in Google Scholar

26. Elejalde, BR, de Elejalde, MM, Acuña, JM, Thelen, D, Trujillo, C, Karrmann, M. Prospective study of amniocentesis performed between weeks 9 and 16 of gestation: its feasibility, risks, complications and use in early genetic prenatal diagnosis. Am J Med Genet 1990;35:188–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320350210.Search in Google Scholar

27. Mujezinovic, F, Alfirevic, Z. Technique modifications for reducing the risks from amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;8:CD008678. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008678.pub2.Search in Google Scholar

28. Benn, P, Borell, A, Chiu, R, Cuckle, H, Dugoff, L, Faas, B, et al.. Position statement from the aneuploidy screening committee on behalf of the board of the international society for prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2013;33:622–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.4139.Search in Google Scholar

29. Alamillo, CML, Krantz, D, Evans, M, Fiddler, M, Pergament, E. Nearly a third of abnormalities found after first-trimester screening are different than expected: 10-year experience from a single center. Prenat Diagn 2013;33:251–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.4054.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2022-05-12
Accepted: 2022-08-09
Published Online: 2022-09-08
Published in Print: 2023-03-28

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. A Celebration of Professor Joachim Dudenhausen
  4. Reviews
  5. Gestational complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women during 2020–2021: systematic review of longitudinal studies
  6. Eclampsia a preventable tragedy: an African overview
  7. Original Articles – Obstetrics
  8. How do bicornuate uteri alter pregnancy, intra-partum and neonatal risks? A population based study of more than three million deliveries and more than 6000 bicornuate uteri
  9. Maternal urogenital infection and fetal heart functional assessment – what is the missing link?
  10. Knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women on maternal immunization against COVID-19 in Croatia
  11. Retrospective review of GCT cutoff value based on pre-pregnancy BMI class in patients with GDM
  12. Cervical strain elastography: pattern analysis and cervical sliding sign in preterm and control pregnancies
  13. Maternal race/ethnicity impacts the success rates of external cephalic version (ECV) in the United States
  14. Fetal adrenal gland size and umbilical artery Doppler in growth-restricted fetuses
  15. Counseling pregnant women on calcium: effects on calcium intake
  16. Relationship among anogenital distance, adrenal gland volume, and penile length and width at 22–36 weeks of pregnancy
  17. Intra-amniotic inflammation in the mid-trimester of pregnancy is a risk factor for neuropsychological disorders in childhood
  18. Genetic amniocentesis using atraumatic 29 gauge needle in patients having a chorioamniotic separation
  19. YouTube as a source of patient information on external cephalic version
  20. Midwives’ personal and professional attitudes towards women’s delivery choices, interventions and neonatal care
  21. Maternal serum midkine level in fetal growth restriction: a case-control study
  22. Original Articles – Neonates
  23. Interventions for reducing late-onset sepsis in neonates: an umbrella review
  24. Maternal knowledge of recommendations for safe infant sleep and intentions for implementation – a cross sectional analysis of data from the KUNO-Kids birth cohort study
  25. Short Communication
  26. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 protein is present in maternal blood in the third trimester and is upregulated by antenatal corticosteroids
  27. Letters to the Editor
  28. Peripartum hysterectomy at a tertiary university perinatal center – retrospective analysis of the 25-year period
  29. Neonate, infected mother and monkeypox: the present concern
Downloaded on 26.10.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/jpm-2022-0229/html
Scroll to top button