Italian pediatric data support hypothesis that simultaneous epidemics of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes/metabolic syndrome/obesity are polar opposite responses (i.e., symptoms) to a primary inflammatory condition
Abstract
We previously postulated that iatrogenic inflammation caused epidemics of type 2 diabetes/metabolic syndrome/obesity by activating an immune suppressive cortisol response which protects against type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. In the current study, data on the incidence of obesity in different Italian provinces was compared with the incidence of type 1 diabetes in the same region. The association between obesity and type 1 diabetes was analyzed using Wilcoxon rank analysis. Results showed an inverse relationship; the regions with the highest rate of obesity (Campania and Lazia) were associated with a protective effect against type 1 diabetes. However, regions with the lowest rates of obesity were associated with the highest rate of type 1 diabetes. These results are consistent with previous analysis across different racial groups; races with high cortisol activity had an increased rate of type 2 diabetes but were protected from type 1 diabetes.
©2011 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston
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- Cord blood adiponectin and infant growth at one year
- Plasma visfatin and adiponectin concentrations in physically active adolescent girls: relationships with insulin sensitivity and body composition variables
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- Genotypes of p53 codon 72 correlate with age at onset of type 1 diabetes in a sex-specific manner
- A prospective clinical pilot-trial comparing the effect of an optimized mixed diet versus a flexible low-glycemic index diet on nutrient intake and HbA1c levels in children with type 1 diabetes
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- Short communication
- Italian pediatric data support hypothesis that simultaneous epidemics of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes/metabolic syndrome/obesity are polar opposite responses (i.e., symptoms) to a primary inflammatory condition
- Adult height after growth hormone treatment in Japanese children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency: analysis from the KIGS Japan database
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- Body image and sexual interests in adolescents and young adults with Prader–Willi syndrome
- Growth hormone secretory pattern in non-obese children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome
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- Patient preference for a new growth hormone injection device: results of an open-label study in Japanese pediatric patients
- DXA surrogates for visceral fat are inversely associated with bone density measures in adolescent athletes with menstrual dysfunction
- Evaluation of bone density in girls with precocious and early puberty during treatment with GnRH agonist
- Comparative analysis of clinical, biochemical and genetic aspects associated with bone mineral density in small for gestational age children
- Outcome of gonadotropin-releasing analog treatment for children with central precocious puberty: 15-year experience in southern Thailand
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- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) – prevention of the birth of children affected with endocrine diseases
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- Accelerated carpal bone maturation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: pitfall for bone age measurement
- Case reports
- Hypokalaemic paralysis in a 15-year-old boy with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency
- Structural chromosome disruption of the NR3C2 gene causing pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 presenting in infancy
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- Causes and consequences of abandoning one-stage bilateral adrenalectomy recommended in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease – case presentation
- Short stature in a patient with familial glucocorticoid deficiency
- Biochemical evaluation of an infant with hypoglycemia resulting from a novel de novo mutation of the GLUD1 gene and hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome
- Entire prophet of Pit-1 (PROP-1) gene deletion in an Indian girl with combined pituitary hormone deficiencies
- Diabetes in young – unusual case presentation
- Patient reports
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- Case reports
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- Commentary
- Using genetic tests for talent identification in sports: too soon to be true
- Letter to the Editors
- Insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in obese children
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- Meetings
- Meetings Calendar
Articles in the same Issue
- Editorial
- Pitfalls for bone age measurement
- Bone disease and cytokines in idiopathic hypercalciuria: a review
- Cord blood adiponectin and infant growth at one year
- Plasma visfatin and adiponectin concentrations in physically active adolescent girls: relationships with insulin sensitivity and body composition variables
- Gender differences exist in the association of leptin and adiponectin levels with insulin resistance parameters in prepubertal Arab children
- Development and linear growth in diabetic children receiving insulin pigment
- Genotypes of p53 codon 72 correlate with age at onset of type 1 diabetes in a sex-specific manner
- A prospective clinical pilot-trial comparing the effect of an optimized mixed diet versus a flexible low-glycemic index diet on nutrient intake and HbA1c levels in children with type 1 diabetes
- Low-dose insulin therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis and early-stage insulinopenia prevents deterioration of lung function: a 3-year prospective study
- Short communication
- Italian pediatric data support hypothesis that simultaneous epidemics of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes/metabolic syndrome/obesity are polar opposite responses (i.e., symptoms) to a primary inflammatory condition
- Adult height after growth hormone treatment in Japanese children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency: analysis from the KIGS Japan database
- Growth patterns of large, small, and appropriate for gestational age infants: impacts of long-term breastfeeding: a retrospective cohort study
- Body image and sexual interests in adolescents and young adults with Prader–Willi syndrome
- Growth hormone secretory pattern in non-obese children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome
- The effect of corrective surgery on serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3 levels and growth in children with congenital heart disease
- Patient preference for a new growth hormone injection device: results of an open-label study in Japanese pediatric patients
- DXA surrogates for visceral fat are inversely associated with bone density measures in adolescent athletes with menstrual dysfunction
- Evaluation of bone density in girls with precocious and early puberty during treatment with GnRH agonist
- Comparative analysis of clinical, biochemical and genetic aspects associated with bone mineral density in small for gestational age children
- Outcome of gonadotropin-releasing analog treatment for children with central precocious puberty: 15-year experience in southern Thailand
- Ovarian function in adolescents with McCune-Albright syndrome
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic children on inhaled and nasal corticosteroids – more common than expected?
- Clinical characteristics of adrenocortical tumors in children
- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) – prevention of the birth of children affected with endocrine diseases
- The usefulness of ultrasound in follow-up of a patient with dyshormonogenetic congenital hypothyroidism
- Accelerated carpal bone maturation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: pitfall for bone age measurement
- Case reports
- Hypokalaemic paralysis in a 15-year-old boy with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency
- Structural chromosome disruption of the NR3C2 gene causing pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 presenting in infancy
- Continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion (CSHI) in a young adolescent with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
- Causes and consequences of abandoning one-stage bilateral adrenalectomy recommended in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease – case presentation
- Short stature in a patient with familial glucocorticoid deficiency
- Biochemical evaluation of an infant with hypoglycemia resulting from a novel de novo mutation of the GLUD1 gene and hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome
- Entire prophet of Pit-1 (PROP-1) gene deletion in an Indian girl with combined pituitary hormone deficiencies
- Diabetes in young – unusual case presentation
- Patient reports
- Two cases of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome with anorectal anomalies and growth retardation
- A 3-year-old boy with ovotestes: gender reassignment and surgical management
- Case reports
- A 5-year-old boy with atrophic autoimmune thyroiditis caused by thyroid-stimulation blocking antibodies
- Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N quantitative methylation analysis in infants with central hypotonia
- Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome (APECED) due to AIRET16M mutation in a consanguineous Greek girl
- Pulmonary hypertension and reopening of the ductus arteriosus in an infant treated with diazoxide
- Commentary
- Using genetic tests for talent identification in sports: too soon to be true
- Letter to the Editors
- Insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in obese children
- Graves’ disease in a Down’s syndrome patient responds well to radioiodine rather than antithyroid drugs
- Aortic intima-media thickness and lipid profile in neonates born to mothers with pre-eclampsia: weak or strong relations?
- Meetings
- Meetings Calendar