Do children with type 1 diabetes mellitus remain protected against hepatitis B?

Pınar Yılmazbaş; Diğdem Bezen; Eren Vurgun

doi:10.1515/jpem-2024-0520

Article

Do children with type 1 diabetes mellitus remain protected against hepatitis B?

Pınar Yılmazbaş , Diğdem Bezen and Eren Vurgun

Published/Copyright: January 24, 2025

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From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 38 Issue 4

Abstract

Objectives

Because patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have persistent and profound limitations in immune functions, immune response to vaccines may diminish. The aim of our study was to compare the antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) serologies of children with T1DM, at the time of T1DM diagnosis, who were vaccinated according to the vaccination schedule with the anti-HBs serologies of healthy children. And to investigate the relationship between anti-HBs levels and the accompanying variables of these patients.

Methods

Anti-HBs and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) results of 214 children with T1DM and 210 healthy children were recorded retrospectively. Seropositivity rates for anti-HBs were compared between T1DM and control groups and the odds of seropositivity were examined. Clinical and laboratory data of T1DM patients were investigated according to anti-HBs seropositivity.

Results

Anti-HBs seropositivity rates and titers in the T1DM group were significantly lower than those in the healthy group. According to anti-HBs status among T1DM patients; no difference was found in terms of gender, BMI, presence of comorbidities, presence of autoantibodies and lipid profiles. Diagnosis age and HbA1c levels of anti-HBs negative group were higher than anti-HBs positive group in patients diagnosed with T1DM. However, neither age nor HbA1c level was found to significantly change the odds of the seropositivity for anti-HBs in T1DM patients after adjustment.

Conclusions

We recommend that children diagnosed with T1DM should have anti-HBs serology tested at the time of diagnosis and seronegative patients should have additional hepatitis B vaccination.

Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus; children; hepatitis B; anti-HBs

Corresponding author: Pınar Yılmazbaş, PhD, Assos Prof., Department of Pediatrics, Health Science University, Prof Dr Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Darulaceze st, No:27, 34384, Istanbul, Türkiye, E-mail: drpinary@yahoo.com

Research ethics: The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Prof Dr Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital (06.03.2024 dated, E-48670771-514.99-238484061 numbered).
Informed consent: Not applicable.
Author contributions: Pınar Yılmazbaş and Diğdem Bezen conceived of or designed study. Diğdem Bezen and Pınar Yılmazbaş performed research. Eren Vurgun analyzed data. Eren Vurgun, Diğdem Bezen and Pınar Yılmazbaş contributed new methods or models. Pınar Yılmazbaş wrote the paper. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: None declared.
Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-10-27

Accepted: 2025-01-13

Published Online: 2025-01-24

Published in Print: 2025-04-28

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2024-0520

Keywords for this article

type 1 diabetes mellitus; children; hepatitis B; anti-HBs