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Chronotype, sleep, and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a case-control study

  • Gulay Can Yilmaz ORCID logo EMAIL logo and Mehmet Karadag ORCID logo
Published/Copyright: March 21, 2025
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 38 Issue 5

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the relationships between sleep parameters, chronotype preferences, and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), compared to healthy peers.

Methods

A total of 96 children and adolescents with T1DM and 95 healthy controls aged 8–18 years participated in this case-control study. Anthropometric measurements were collected, and participants completed the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c levels.

Results

Children with T1DM demonstrated significantly shorter sleep durations, poorer sleep quality, and a later chronotype compared to controls (p<0.05). Poor glycemic control (HbA1c>7.5 %) was observed in 72.9 % of the T1DM group, with 34.3 % exhibiting very poor control (HbA1c>9 %). Logistic regression identified poor sleep quality (PSQI score, OR: 1.47, p<0.001) and later chronotype (OR: 5.14, p<0.01) as independent predictors of poor glycemic control. Generalized linear modeling (GLM) further revealed significant associations between HbA1c levels, insulin dosage (p<0.001), and chronotype (p=0.090).

Conclusions

Late chronotype and poor sleep quality are closely linked to suboptimal glycemic control in pediatric T1DM populations. These findings underscore the importance of integrating sleep-focused strategies into routine diabetes management.

Keywords: chronotype; sleep quality; type 1 diabetes
Corresponding author: Dr. Gulay Can Yilmaz, MD, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla, Türkiye, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the authorities who permitted this study and all the participants who participated in this research.

  1. Research ethics: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Health Sciences Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital (Date: 14.06.2019, Issue: 286).

  2. Informed consent: Informed consent and assent were obtained from all participants and their parents.

  3. Author contributions: The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: study conception and design: GCY, MK; data collection: GCY, MK; analysis and interpretation of results: GCY, MK; draft manuscript preparation: GCY, MK. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors have accepted responsibility for the content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-10-15
Accepted: 2025-02-25
Published Online: 2025-03-21
Published in Print: 2025-05-26

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. A recent update on childhood obesity: aetiology, treatment and complications
  4. Original Articles
  5. Chronotype, sleep, and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a case-control study
  6. Determinants of childhood and adolescent obesity and it’s effect on metabolism in South Indian population
  7. Evaluation of continuous glucose monitoring and nutritional status in glycogen storage diseases
  8. Retrospective assessment of hepatic involvement in patients with inherited metabolic disorders: nine-year single-center experience
  9. Relationships among biological sex, body composition, and bone mineral density in young persons with and without diabetes
  10. The clinical characteristics of 10 cases and adult height of six cases of rare familial male-limited precocious puberty
  11. Optimal timing of repeat thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy
  12. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in North Macedonia – ten years experience
  13. The effect of antenatal steroids on metabolic bone disease of prematurity
  14. Prader-Willi syndrome gene expression profiling of obese and non-obese patients reveals transcriptional changes in CLEC4D and ANXA3
  15. Early-onset growth hormone treatment in Prader–Willi syndrome attenuates transition to severe obesity
  16. Case Reports
  17. Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism with inactivating calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) mutation (p.I81K)
  18. Clinical manifestations and molecular genetics of seven patients with Niemann–Pick type-C: a case series with a novel variant
  19. Expanding the genotypic spectrum of 3β-hydroxy-δ5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B7) deficiency: novel mutations and clinical outcomes
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2024-0492
Keywords for this article
chronotype; sleep quality; type 1 diabetes

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. A recent update on childhood obesity: aetiology, treatment and complications
  4. Original Articles
  5. Chronotype, sleep, and glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a case-control study
  6. Determinants of childhood and adolescent obesity and it’s effect on metabolism in South Indian population
  7. Evaluation of continuous glucose monitoring and nutritional status in glycogen storage diseases
  8. Retrospective assessment of hepatic involvement in patients with inherited metabolic disorders: nine-year single-center experience
  9. Relationships among biological sex, body composition, and bone mineral density in young persons with and without diabetes
  10. The clinical characteristics of 10 cases and adult height of six cases of rare familial male-limited precocious puberty
  11. Optimal timing of repeat thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy
  12. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in North Macedonia – ten years experience
  13. The effect of antenatal steroids on metabolic bone disease of prematurity
  14. Prader-Willi syndrome gene expression profiling of obese and non-obese patients reveals transcriptional changes in CLEC4D and ANXA3
  15. Early-onset growth hormone treatment in Prader–Willi syndrome attenuates transition to severe obesity
  16. Case Reports
  17. Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism with inactivating calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) mutation (p.I81K)
  18. Clinical manifestations and molecular genetics of seven patients with Niemann–Pick type-C: a case series with a novel variant
  19. Expanding the genotypic spectrum of 3β-hydroxy-δ5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B7) deficiency: novel mutations and clinical outcomes
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