Urinary phthalate concentrations are associated with total fat mass in Thai children
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Ekkachai Nakaviroj
Abstract
Objectives
Phthalate is one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals found in many daily consumer products. Chronic exposure to phthalate may associate with obesity and metabolic abnormalities. However, there is limited information showing a direct relationship between phthalate and body compositions. The aim of the study was to determine the association between urinary phthalate concentration and body composition measure among Thai children.
Methods
A cross-sectional analytic study on urinary phthalate concentrations and body composition in elementary school children, aged 6–13 years in Bangkok, was conducted during October 2019 to 2020. Urinary phthalate metabolites; (mono-methyl phthalate-MMP, mono-ethyl phthalate- MEP, mono-buthyl phthalate-MBP, and mono-ethylhexyl phthalate-MEHP), in early morning spot urine samples were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) with a quantitation limit of 1 ng/mL. Phthalate exposures were identified through questionnaires. Body composition was measured by Tanita BC-418®. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant associations.
Results
A total of 364 children were enrolled in the study (boy 51.4%). After adjusting for confounders (sex, caregiver educations, family income, BMI-SDS: Body mass index-standard deviation score, TV watching, and exercise frequency), total urinary phthalate concentrations were associated with fat mass 8.24 (0.94, 15.53), trunk percent fat 7.69 (3.26, 12.12), arm percent fat 3.69 (0.47, 6.91), arm fat mass 72.88 (1.08, 144.67), and leg fat mass 17.79 (2.37, 33.22).
Conclusions
Higher urinary phthalate concentrations were significantly associated with elevated total fat mass among Thai school-aged children. These findings were not mediated through the degree of obesity defined by BMI. These finding emphasized to be careful when being use phthalate-containing products.
Funding source: the Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
Award Identifier / Grant number: RA63/090
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the pediatric residents and pediatric endocrine fellows for their assistance with data and urine collection.
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Research funding: This study was supported by the Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund (RA63/090), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. SV and NE designed the study. NE reviewed literature and wrote first draft of manuscript. KS and SN analyzed urinary Phthalates concentrations. NE and AS collected the clinical data and analyzed data. SV edited and approved the final version of manuscript.
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Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
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Ethical approval: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (IRB No.544/63).
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© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
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- Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on presentation and referral patterns of newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes in a developing country
- Influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus after one year of follow-up
- Combined diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and baseline luteinizing hormone levels for central precocious puberty in girls
- Differences in the proportion of Croatian adolescents with abnormal individual metabolic syndrome components adjusted to gender and different criterion for individual metabolic syndrome component
- Low HDL-C is a non-fasting marker of insulin resistance in children
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- Long-term follow-up of alkaptonuria patients: single center experience
- Local aromatase excess with recruitment of unusual promoters of CYP19A1 gene in prepubertal patients with gynecomastia
- Urinary phthalate concentrations are associated with total fat mass in Thai children
- Clinical profile and aetiologies of delayed puberty: a 15 years’ experience from a tertiary centre in Sudan
- Case Reports
- Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4 due to a novel PTRF/CAVIN1 pathogenic variant in a child: effects of metreleptin substitution
- Prepubertal and pubertal gonadal morphology, expression of cell lineage markers and hormonal evaluation in two 46,XY siblings with 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency
- Pleomorphism of the HPG axis with NR0B1 gene mutation — a case report of longitudinal follow-up of a proband with central precocious puberty
- Successful treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia with icosapent ethyl in a case of congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- The effects of topical iodine containing antiseptics on thyroidal status and early neurodevelopment of preterm infants
- Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on presentation and referral patterns of newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes in a developing country
- Influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus after one year of follow-up
- Combined diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and baseline luteinizing hormone levels for central precocious puberty in girls
- Differences in the proportion of Croatian adolescents with abnormal individual metabolic syndrome components adjusted to gender and different criterion for individual metabolic syndrome component
- Low HDL-C is a non-fasting marker of insulin resistance in children
- Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on idiopathic central precocious puberty – experience from an Indian centre
- The relationship between metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density in adolescents: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- Long-term follow-up of alkaptonuria patients: single center experience
- Local aromatase excess with recruitment of unusual promoters of CYP19A1 gene in prepubertal patients with gynecomastia
- Urinary phthalate concentrations are associated with total fat mass in Thai children
- Clinical profile and aetiologies of delayed puberty: a 15 years’ experience from a tertiary centre in Sudan
- Case Reports
- Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4 due to a novel PTRF/CAVIN1 pathogenic variant in a child: effects of metreleptin substitution
- Prepubertal and pubertal gonadal morphology, expression of cell lineage markers and hormonal evaluation in two 46,XY siblings with 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency
- Pleomorphism of the HPG axis with NR0B1 gene mutation — a case report of longitudinal follow-up of a proband with central precocious puberty
- Successful treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia with icosapent ethyl in a case of congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4
