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Prevalence of nephropathy in Indian children and youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus

  • Madhura Karguppikar , Chirantap Oza , Nikhil Shah , Vaman Khadilkar , Ketan Gondhalekar and Anuradha Khadilkar EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: March 21, 2022
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
From the journal Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Volume 35 Issue 5

Abstract

Objectives

Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) having diabetic nephropathy (DN) are at increased risk of developing end stage renal disease. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of DN and its predictors in Indian children and youth with T1D.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 319 children and youth (2.6–21 years) with T1D having disease duration of at least 2 years. Demographic data and laboratory findings were obtained using standard questionnaires and protocols. Diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy was based on albuminuria on two occasions within a period of 3 months.

Results

The prevalence of DN in our study subjects was 13.4%. 7.5% subjects were known cases of diabetic nephropathy on treatment with enalapril. Hypertension was found in 14.3% subjects with DN in contrast to 4.1% without DN (p<0.05). Duration of diabetes and estimated glucose disposal rate were the important predictors of DN. Interestingly, of the 43 children with DN, 11.3% (n=8) were under 10 years age.

Conclusions

We found a high prevalence of DN in children and youth with T1D including in children under the age of 10 years. Early screening and timely intervention are required to retard the disease progression and avoid end stage renal disease.

Keywords: albuminuria; children; diabetic nephropathy; hypertension; T1D; young adults
Corresponding author: Anuradha Khadilkar, Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India; and Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule University, Pune, India, E-mail:

  1. Research funding: None declared.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  5. Ethical approval: The local Institutional Review Board has approved the study. (Ethical committee, Jehangir Clinical Development Center Pvt Ltd.).

  6. Compliance with ethical standards: Yes.

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Received: 2021-10-19
Accepted: 2022-02-19
Published Online: 2022-03-21
Published in Print: 2022-05-25

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review Article
  3. Impact of Obesity on Bone Metabolism in Children
  4. Mini Review
  5. Late sequelae of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) cause thyroid dysfunction and thyroiditis: review of literature
  6. Original Articles
  7. Moderating effect of bone maturation on the relationship between body fat and insulin resistance
  8. Prevalence of nephropathy in Indian children and youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus
  9. Initial neutrophil/lymphocyte and lymphocyte/monocyte ratios can predict future insulin need in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
  10. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a positive predictor for bone mineral density in prepubertal children with Prader–Willi syndrome independent of lean mass
  11. The attitudes, experiences, and self-competencies of pediatric endocrinology fellows and attending physicians regarding diabetes technology: the Turkey experience
  12. Adiposity measures in screening for metabolic syndrome among Chinese children and adolescents
  13. Increased anxiety symptoms in pediatric type 1 diabetes during the acute phase of COVID-19 lockdown
  14. Pediatric adrenal insufficiency: thirty years experience at a Portuguese hospital
  15. Spectrum of PAH gene mutations and genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency from Turkey
  16. Serum spexin levels are not associated with size at birth but are associated with metabolic syndrome components in prepubertal children born at term
  17. Familial early-onset obesity in Turkish children: variants and polymorphisms in the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene
  18. An update of the mutation spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene in the population of Turkey
  19. Primary hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis in a cohort of Pakistani children
  20. Investigation of the relationship between serum sclerostin and dickkopf-1 protein levels with bone turnover in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus
  21. Case Reports
  22. Diagnostic value of plasma lysosphingolipids levels in a Niemann–Pick disease type C patient with transient neonatal cholestasis
  23. A 7-year-old boy with central diabetes insipidus presenting with thickened pituitary stalk and anti-rabphilin-3A antibody positivity
  24. Homozygous missense variant of PTH (c.166C>T, p.(Arg56Cys)) as the cause of familial isolated hypoparathyroidism in a three-year-old child
  25. Long-term follow-up of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus due to a novel homozygous c.7734C>T (p.R228C) mutation in ZFP57 gene: relapse at prepubertal age
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0644
Keywords for this article
albuminuria; children; diabetic nephropathy; hypertension; T1D; young adults

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review Article
  3. Impact of Obesity on Bone Metabolism in Children
  4. Mini Review
  5. Late sequelae of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) cause thyroid dysfunction and thyroiditis: review of literature
  6. Original Articles
  7. Moderating effect of bone maturation on the relationship between body fat and insulin resistance
  8. Prevalence of nephropathy in Indian children and youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus
  9. Initial neutrophil/lymphocyte and lymphocyte/monocyte ratios can predict future insulin need in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
  10. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a positive predictor for bone mineral density in prepubertal children with Prader–Willi syndrome independent of lean mass
  11. The attitudes, experiences, and self-competencies of pediatric endocrinology fellows and attending physicians regarding diabetes technology: the Turkey experience
  12. Adiposity measures in screening for metabolic syndrome among Chinese children and adolescents
  13. Increased anxiety symptoms in pediatric type 1 diabetes during the acute phase of COVID-19 lockdown
  14. Pediatric adrenal insufficiency: thirty years experience at a Portuguese hospital
  15. Spectrum of PAH gene mutations and genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency from Turkey
  16. Serum spexin levels are not associated with size at birth but are associated with metabolic syndrome components in prepubertal children born at term
  17. Familial early-onset obesity in Turkish children: variants and polymorphisms in the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene
  18. An update of the mutation spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene in the population of Turkey
  19. Primary hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis in a cohort of Pakistani children
  20. Investigation of the relationship between serum sclerostin and dickkopf-1 protein levels with bone turnover in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus
  21. Case Reports
  22. Diagnostic value of plasma lysosphingolipids levels in a Niemann–Pick disease type C patient with transient neonatal cholestasis
  23. A 7-year-old boy with central diabetes insipidus presenting with thickened pituitary stalk and anti-rabphilin-3A antibody positivity
  24. Homozygous missense variant of PTH (c.166C>T, p.(Arg56Cys)) as the cause of familial isolated hypoparathyroidism in a three-year-old child
  25. Long-term follow-up of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus due to a novel homozygous c.7734C>T (p.R228C) mutation in ZFP57 gene: relapse at prepubertal age
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