Menstrual cycle, reproductive function, body mass index, and metabolic profiles of women with former central precocious puberty: 10–20-year longitudinal cohort study in southern Thailand
-
Pitchaya Satitpatanapan
and
Hutcha Sriplung
Abstract
Background
In 2011, we described 64 girls diagnosed with central precocious puberty (CPP) during 1995–2009. In 2019, the former CPP patients were 16–30 years of age and had been followed-up for 6–20 years after cessation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) treatment.
Objectives
To determine the menstrual cycle, reproductive function, and long-term sequelae of the former GnRHa-treated and untreated CPP patients.
Methods
Sixty-seven former CPP women diagnosed during January 1995 to December 2010 were evaluated in 2019 for current menstrual cycle and pregnancy rate and for general health status, weight, height, blood pressure, and metabolic profiles of glucose, lipids, insulin, and testosterone.
Results
In 2019, the former CPP women averaged 20.7 ± 2.7 years of age (range: 16.5–30). Eighty-three percent had a regular menstrual cycle. Of the 14 married women, six (43%) were fertile with 1–2 children. The untreated women had a significantly higher rate of obesity (BMI >25 kg/m2) than the GnRHa-treated women (72.1% vs. 36.6%, p < 0.01). Two women (3%) had polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Fasting plasma glucose, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and testosterone levels were normal and similar between the GnRHa-treated and untreated participants. The serum insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were higher in the untreated group than the GnRHa-treated group, but without significant differences.
Conclusions
At a 10–20-year follow-up, our former CPP patients had regular menstruation, normal reproductive function, and normal metabolic outcomes. The low prevalence of PCOS of 3% suggests that CPP is not a risk factor for PCOS, at least during early adulthood.
Funding source: Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Research Funding Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University. The authors gratefully acknowledge the participants for participating in this study. The authors thank Mr. David Patterson from the International Affairs Office of the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, for editorial help.
Research funding: This research was funded by the Research Funding Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University.
Author contributions: Pitchaya Satitpatanapan: conceptualization, data collection, drafting the manuscript, approved final version, and take responsibility for the published article. Somchit Jaruratanasirikul: conceptualization, patient care and follow-ups, data collection, supervision, drafting the manuscript, writing – review and editing, approved final version and take responsibility for the published article. Hutcha Sriplung: data analysis, drafting the manuscript, writing – review and editing, approved final version and take responsibility for the published article.
Competing interests: The funding organization played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Ethical approval: The protocol for this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and the Ethics Committee of our institution, Songklanagarind Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant.
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- Letter to the Editors
- European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) Child Abuse Taskforce Committee: a response to Miller et al.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Review Articles
- Definition and early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children
- Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: an update on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment
- Original Articles
- Association of sleep characteristics with adiposity markers in children
- Prevalence of abdominal obesity in non-obese adolescents: a North Indian adolescent study
- Utility of estimated glucose disposal rate for predicting metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes
- Continuous glucose monitoring reduces pubertal hyperglycemia of type 1 diabetes
- Association between eating behavior, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, and peptide YY (PYY) hormone levels in obese adolescents in outpatient care
- Autoimmune hyperthyroidism in children & adolescents in Sudan: a 13 years’ experience of a Paediatric Endocrinology Clinic
- Timing, prevalence, and dynamics of thyroid disorders in children and adolescents affected with Down syndrome
- Assessment of the most common CYP21A2 point mutations in a cohort of congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients from Egypt
- Quality of life and associated factors in parents of children with late diagnosed phenylketonuria. A cross sectional study in a developing country (Tunisia)
- Genetic analysis and long-term treatment monitoring of 11 children with glycogen storage disease type IIIa
- Growth and metabolic effects of long-term recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in short children born small for gestational age: GH-RAST study
- Menstrual cycle, reproductive function, body mass index, and metabolic profiles of women with former central precocious puberty: 10–20-year longitudinal cohort study in southern Thailand
- Letter to the Editors
- European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) Child Abuse Taskforce Committee: a response to Miller et al.
- The correct formula to calculate triglyceride-glucose index (TyG)
- Case Reports
- Octreotide-related exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in congenital hyperinsulinism
- Improvement in glycaemic parameters using SGLT-2 inhibitor and GLP-1 agonist in combination in an adolescent with diabetes mellitus and Prader-Willi syndrome: a case report
- Three patients with glucose-6 phosphatase catalytic subunit 3 deficiency
- Efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in a prepubertal patient with cherubism
