Evaluation of the abdominopelvic region using MRI in patients with primary amenorrhea
-
Elif Gündoğdu
,
Emre Emekli
,
Mehmet Oğuzman
and
Mahmut Kebapçı
Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the imaging findings of patients who underwent an abdominal and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to primary amenorrhea.
Methods
The pelvic and abdominal images of 34 female patients (mean age 15.61 years, range 14–19 years) were retrospectively analyzed by a single radiologist blinded to the clinical and laboratory data of the patients (other than primary amenorrhea) to evaluate the etiology of primary amenorrhea. The anatomy and anomalies of the internal genital organs and other accompanying abdominopelvic anomalies were investigated.
Results
Gonadal dysgenesis was present in 14 patients (41.17%) and Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) were present in 20 (58.83%) (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser [MRKH] syndrome in 13 [65%], distal vaginal obstruction [DVO] findings in five [25%], and obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly [OHVIRA] syndrome in two [10%]). Seven patients with MRKH (53.84%) were of type 1 and six (46.15%) were of type 2. A total of eight additional anomalies (vertebral and renal) were detected, six in MRKH and two in OHVIRA syndrome cases. Endometrioma and hematosalpinx were observed in one of the five patients with DVO (5%).
Conclusions
Primary amenorrhea is a common symptom that affects both the physical and psychosocial status of individuals. Determination of the underlying etiology is the first step in planning treatment. The evaluation of internal genital organ anomalies involved in the etiology is important for sexual function and fertility. MRI is a non-invasive imaging modality that should be preferred in these cases as it provides detailed data about the anatomy and anomalies of internal genital organs due to its high soft tissue contrast resolution.
Acknowledgments
None declared.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.
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© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Association of the 3′UTR polymorphism (rs11665896) in the FGF21 gene with metabolic status and nutrient intake in children with obesity
- Future glycemic control of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at toddler and preschool/school age
- Children with type 1 diabetes of early age at onset – immune and metabolic phenotypes
- Determination of cerebral edema with serial measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter during treatment in children with diabetic ketoacidosis: a longitudinal study
- Association between inflammation, oxidative stress, vitamin D, copper and zinc with pre-obesity and obesity in school children from the city of Podgorica, Montenegro
- Phenotypic diversity and correlation with the genotypes of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
- Start low, go slowly – mental abnormalities in young prolactinoma patients under cabergoline therapy
- Primary ovarian insufficiency in an adolescent population: clinical phenotype and diagnostic approach
- Novel combined insulin-like 3 variations of a single nucleotide in cryptorchidism
- Evaluation of the abdominopelvic region using MRI in patients with primary amenorrhea
- Benefits of aerobic training in girls with precocious puberty: involvement of CRP and cortisol
- The relationship between the olfactory bulb and precocious puberty: from the nose to the pituitary
- Short Communication
- Experience with intramuscular glucagon for infants with early neonatal hypoglycemia
- Case Reports
- A novel GATA6 variant in a boy with neonatal diabetes and diaphragmatic hernia: a familial case with a review of the literature
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a 15-year-old Hispanic female with a novel AQP2 mutation
- Pediatric stroke as the presenting symptom of new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus without DKA: case report and literature review
- Panhypopituitarism from neurosarcoidosis in an adolescent: case report and literature review
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Association of the 3′UTR polymorphism (rs11665896) in the FGF21 gene with metabolic status and nutrient intake in children with obesity
- Future glycemic control of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at toddler and preschool/school age
- Children with type 1 diabetes of early age at onset – immune and metabolic phenotypes
- Determination of cerebral edema with serial measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter during treatment in children with diabetic ketoacidosis: a longitudinal study
- Association between inflammation, oxidative stress, vitamin D, copper and zinc with pre-obesity and obesity in school children from the city of Podgorica, Montenegro
- Phenotypic diversity and correlation with the genotypes of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
- Start low, go slowly – mental abnormalities in young prolactinoma patients under cabergoline therapy
- Primary ovarian insufficiency in an adolescent population: clinical phenotype and diagnostic approach
- Novel combined insulin-like 3 variations of a single nucleotide in cryptorchidism
- Evaluation of the abdominopelvic region using MRI in patients with primary amenorrhea
- Benefits of aerobic training in girls with precocious puberty: involvement of CRP and cortisol
- The relationship between the olfactory bulb and precocious puberty: from the nose to the pituitary
- Short Communication
- Experience with intramuscular glucagon for infants with early neonatal hypoglycemia
- Case Reports
- A novel GATA6 variant in a boy with neonatal diabetes and diaphragmatic hernia: a familial case with a review of the literature
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a 15-year-old Hispanic female with a novel AQP2 mutation
- Pediatric stroke as the presenting symptom of new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus without DKA: case report and literature review
- Panhypopituitarism from neurosarcoidosis in an adolescent: case report and literature review
