Long-term outcome of hyperthyroidism diagnosed in childhood and adolescence: a single-centre experience
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Daniel S. Gill
Abstract
Background
The objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of paediatric-onset hyperthyroidism with follow-up into adulthood and to identify any early predictors of a need for definitive therapy (DT).
Methods
In a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with hyperthyroidism under the age of 18 years and at follow-up, a comparison was made by categorising them into those who underwent definitive therapy (DT group), i.e. thyroidectomy/radioactive iodine (RAI), those who remained on antithyroid drugs (ATD) (CBZ group) and those who had complete remission (RE group).
Results
Sixty-one (49 females, 12 males) patients with a median age of 15.1 years (range: 3.6–18) at diagnosis were studied. The duration of the first course of ATD varied from <1 year (7%), 1–2 years (26%), >2 years (46%) and ATD never discontinued (21%). Disease relapsed in 69% of patients with <1 year of ATD vs. 79% with >2 years of ATD. At follow-up, the median duration since diagnosis was 8.75 years (range 2.0–20.7 years) and the median age at follow-up was 23.2 years (8–36 years). Thirty-three percent (20/61) had undergone DT (DT group) – with 16.5% (n=10) on RAI and 16.5% (n=10) on surgery, 36% (22/61) were on ATD (CBZ group), whilst 32% (19/61) had undergone full remission (RE group). The comparison did not identify any statistically significant difference for predictor factors at diagnosis including age, T4 and free T4 levels, thyroid peroxidise antibody levels (TPO) and the duration of the first course of carbimazole (CBZ) treatment.
Conclusion
Long-term complete remission of paediatric-onset hyperthyroidism in our study was 31%. There were no predictors identified that could help predict the long-term outcome, especially into adulthood.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Mini Review
- Clinical, biochemical, and molecular spectrum of short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: two new cases and review of literature
- Original Articles
- Assessment of biomarkers of inflammation and premature atherosclerosis in adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus
- Frequency, clinical characteristics, biochemical findings and outcomes of DKA at the onset of type-1 DM in young children and adolescents living in a developing country – an experience from a pediatric emergency department
- Hepatopathies in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
- Comparative evaluation of neuroendocrine dysfunction in children with craniopharyngiomas before and after mass effects are removed
- Functional and endocrine-metabolic oligomenorrhea: proposal of a new diagnostic assessment tool for differential diagnosis in adolescence
- Socioeconomic status of the population – a prime determinant in evaluating iodine nutritional status even in a post salt iodization scenario
- Long-term outcome of hyperthyroidism diagnosed in childhood and adolescence: a single-centre experience
- Thyroid function in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome: an Italian multicenter study of 339 patients
- Maternal factors associated with neonatal vitamin D deficiency
- IGF-1 assessed by pubertal status has the best positive predictive power for GH deficiency diagnosis in peripubertal children
- One-year treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues does not affect body mass index, insulin sensitivity or lipid profile in girls with central precocious puberty
- Letter to the Editor
- Prediabetes in children and adolescents in the United States: prevalence estimates and comorbidities – a population analysis
- Case Reports
- Severe in utero under-virilization in a 46,XY patient with Silver-Russell syndrome with 11p15 loss of methylation
- Carney complex due to a novel pathogenic variant in the PRKAR1A gene – a case report
- Challenging diagnosis of thyroid hormone resistance initially as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Mini Review
- Clinical, biochemical, and molecular spectrum of short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: two new cases and review of literature
- Original Articles
- Assessment of biomarkers of inflammation and premature atherosclerosis in adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus
- Frequency, clinical characteristics, biochemical findings and outcomes of DKA at the onset of type-1 DM in young children and adolescents living in a developing country – an experience from a pediatric emergency department
- Hepatopathies in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
- Comparative evaluation of neuroendocrine dysfunction in children with craniopharyngiomas before and after mass effects are removed
- Functional and endocrine-metabolic oligomenorrhea: proposal of a new diagnostic assessment tool for differential diagnosis in adolescence
- Socioeconomic status of the population – a prime determinant in evaluating iodine nutritional status even in a post salt iodization scenario
- Long-term outcome of hyperthyroidism diagnosed in childhood and adolescence: a single-centre experience
- Thyroid function in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome: an Italian multicenter study of 339 patients
- Maternal factors associated with neonatal vitamin D deficiency
- IGF-1 assessed by pubertal status has the best positive predictive power for GH deficiency diagnosis in peripubertal children
- One-year treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues does not affect body mass index, insulin sensitivity or lipid profile in girls with central precocious puberty
- Letter to the Editor
- Prediabetes in children and adolescents in the United States: prevalence estimates and comorbidities – a population analysis
- Case Reports
- Severe in utero under-virilization in a 46,XY patient with Silver-Russell syndrome with 11p15 loss of methylation
- Carney complex due to a novel pathogenic variant in the PRKAR1A gene – a case report
- Challenging diagnosis of thyroid hormone resistance initially as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
