Profiles of Obese Children Presenting for Metabolic Evaluation
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Jack Anavian
Abstract
Background: Obesity, increasingly prevalent among children, causes major morbidities, among which is earlier onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods: We reviewed charts of children aged 3 to 18 years (n=106). The population was divided into four age groups. Anthropomorphic measurements, family history, diet and exercise patterns, and selected endocrine/metabolic measurements were recorded, and descriptive statistics were calculated.
Results: Obesity in one or both parents correlated with a higher percent of ideal body weight (IBW) (p=0.01). Fifty-eight percent of the children had first- or second-degree relatives with a history of type 2 DM; 9% had relatives with type 1 DM. Fifty-four percent had dieted and exercised regularly. Mean onset of obesity was at 4.2 ± 0.9 years. Mean cholesterol was elevated at 176 mg/dl. Average BMI was 26.6 in the youngest children (Group 1; normal mean for this age ~15.5), and increased to 37.8 in adolescents (Group 4; normal mean ~21). Elevated TSH was present in <1% of the population. The number of patients with an abnormal insulin: glucose ratio (>1:4) increased with age.
Conclusions: Childhood obesity in children is correlated with family histories of obesity and DM. Thyroid dysfunction is seldom found, although mild hypercholesterolemia and insulin insensitivity are prevalent, especially among adolescents.
© 2016 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Titelei
- Table of Contents
- Doping with Growth Hormone
- Intrauterine Diabetic Environment Confers Risks for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in the Offspring, in Addition to Genetic Susceptibility
- Variable Presentation of X-linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita
- Sustained Benefits of Growth Hormone on Body Composition, Fat Utilization, Physical Strength and Agility, and Growth in Prader-Willi Syndrome are Dose-Dependent
- Insufficient Adrenarche in Patients with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency Caused by a PROP A Gene Defect
- Syndrome of Congenital Adrenocortical Unresponsiveness to ACTH. Report of Six Patients
- Maternal and Fetal Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I), IGF Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Leptin Levels and Early Postnatal Growth in Infants Born Asymmetrically Small for Gestational Age
- Relationships Between Levels of Leptin and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Term Infants
- Recombinant Growth Hormone Treatment in Short Patients with Thalassemia Major: Results after 24 and 36 Months
- Assessment of the Current Status of Iodine Prophylaxis in Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation
- Profiles of Obese Children Presenting for Metabolic Evaluation
- Effect of Growth Hormone Treatment on Hypoglycemia in a Patient with both Hepatic Glycogen Synthase and Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiencies
- Gliclazide-Induced Hepatitis, Hemiplegia and Dysphasia in a Suicide Attempt
- Neonatal Goiter Caused by Expectorant Usage
- Idiopathic Hypothalamic Dysfunction with Precocious Puberty and Adipsic Hypernatremia First Presenting in Adolescence
- Neonatal Hyperthyroidism m Infants of Mothers Previously Thyroidectomized due to Graves’ Disease
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism in an Infant with Three Parathyroid Glands and Pulmonary Calcinosis
- Asymmetric Crying Facies and Congenital Hypothyroidism: Report of Two Patients
- Obituary. Professor Dr. Andrea Prader (1919–2001)
- Meetings Calendar
- Author Index
Articles in the same Issue
- Titelei
- Table of Contents
- Doping with Growth Hormone
- Intrauterine Diabetic Environment Confers Risks for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity in the Offspring, in Addition to Genetic Susceptibility
- Variable Presentation of X-linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita
- Sustained Benefits of Growth Hormone on Body Composition, Fat Utilization, Physical Strength and Agility, and Growth in Prader-Willi Syndrome are Dose-Dependent
- Insufficient Adrenarche in Patients with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency Caused by a PROP A Gene Defect
- Syndrome of Congenital Adrenocortical Unresponsiveness to ACTH. Report of Six Patients
- Maternal and Fetal Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I), IGF Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Leptin Levels and Early Postnatal Growth in Infants Born Asymmetrically Small for Gestational Age
- Relationships Between Levels of Leptin and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Term Infants
- Recombinant Growth Hormone Treatment in Short Patients with Thalassemia Major: Results after 24 and 36 Months
- Assessment of the Current Status of Iodine Prophylaxis in Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation
- Profiles of Obese Children Presenting for Metabolic Evaluation
- Effect of Growth Hormone Treatment on Hypoglycemia in a Patient with both Hepatic Glycogen Synthase and Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiencies
- Gliclazide-Induced Hepatitis, Hemiplegia and Dysphasia in a Suicide Attempt
- Neonatal Goiter Caused by Expectorant Usage
- Idiopathic Hypothalamic Dysfunction with Precocious Puberty and Adipsic Hypernatremia First Presenting in Adolescence
- Neonatal Hyperthyroidism m Infants of Mothers Previously Thyroidectomized due to Graves’ Disease
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism in an Infant with Three Parathyroid Glands and Pulmonary Calcinosis
- Asymmetric Crying Facies and Congenital Hypothyroidism: Report of Two Patients
- Obituary. Professor Dr. Andrea Prader (1919–2001)
- Meetings Calendar
- Author Index
