Comprehensive performance evaluation of high-split FTTH networks under optical amplification constraints
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Ahmed Y. Musaaed
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Zainab N. Jameel
Abstract
This paper presents a performance evaluation of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) systems considering the impact of optical splitter ratios and the use of optical amplification. The analysis focuses on four splitter ratios 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, and 1:128 across distances up to 40 km. Key performance metrics such as Q-factor and bit error rate (BER) are calculated based on a power budget model that includes fiber attenuation, connector and splice losses, and splitter loss. The simulation is conducted both with and without a 10 dB optical amplifier placed before the splitter. Results show that lower split ratios maintain high signal quality and low BER across longer distances, while higher split ratios experience performance degradation much earlier due to increased losses. This paper presents a performance analysis of an FTTH system simulated using Opti-System 23 under split ratios ranging from 1:16 to 1:256, with and without optical amplification. The system employs a 1,490 nm downstream optical transmitter operating at 10 Gb/s over 40 km of single-mode fiber. Results demonstrate that deploying an optical amplifier with 10 dB gain and 4 dB noise figure enables a reduction in transmitter power from 10 dBm to 6 dBm while maintaining acceptable eye-diagram quality and signal performance at higher split ratios.
Acknowledgment
would like to express my grateful thanks to my parents for their support, kindness and patience in all and every stage of my life. They devoted their heart and soul to advance my education and encourage me to love learning and hardworking.
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Research ethics: The corresponding author declares that this manuscript is their own work, and has not been published before in any journal and/or conference, and it is never been considered for publication or submitted to any other journals.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: NJJ proposed the study of the manuscript, and AYM gave a valuable revision and illustration of some concept. ZNJ wrote the article and suitable editing, and reading, and approved the final version.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
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