Simulative study of high-speed single-mode photonic crystal fiber channel based all-optical multi-pumped Raman amplification with hybrid symmetrical FBG/DCF dispersion compensation schemes
-
Ramachandran Thandaiah Prabu
,
Govindanaidu Damodaran Vignesh
Abstract
This paper has simulated the high-speed single-mode photonic crystal fiber channel based all-optical multi-pumped Raman amplification with hybrid symmetrical FBG/DCF dispersion compensation schemes. Maximum Q factor is demonstrated in relation to single-mode PCF length for previous work and proposed model at various operating signal wavelengths and single pump Raman configuration. As well as the overall system bit error rate is studied against single-mode PCF length for previous work and proposed model at different operating signal wavelengths and single pump Raman configuration. Optical signal gain is stimulated versus different spectral operating wavelengths and various optical Raman amplification configuration of pumps at different fiber distance. Moreover, overall system bit rate is clarified against the single-mode PCF length and various spectral operating wavelengths at different pump Raman configuration levels. Overall system dispersion, overall system bit rate, and overall system attenuation are demonstrated clearly against various amplification pumping configuration without compensation and with hybrid DCF/FGB compensation techniques at optimum operating spectral wavelength band and optimum single-mode PCF length. It is evident that hybrid symmetrical FBG/DCF dispersion compensation schemes have presented the optimum system dispersion with the optimum system data rates.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: Not applicable.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Hussein, TF, Rizk, MRM, Aly, MH. A hybrid DCF/FBG scheme for dispersion compensation over a 300 km SMF. Opt Quant Electron 2019;51:103–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-1823-y.Search in Google Scholar
2. Meena, D, Meena, ML. Design and analysis of novel dispersion compensating model with chirp fiber Bragg grating for long-haul transmission system. Lect Notes Electr Eng Opt Wirel Technol 2023;546:29–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6159-3_4.Search in Google Scholar
3. Sayed, AF, Mustafa, FM, Khalaf, AAM, Aly, MH. An enhanced WDM optical communication system using a cascaded fiber Bragg grating. Opt Quant Electron 2020;52:181–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02305-9.Search in Google Scholar
4. Sayed, AF, Mustafa, FM, Khalaf, AAM, Aly, MH. Apodized chirped fiber Bragg grating for post-dispersion compensation in wavelength division multiplexing optical networks. Int J Commun Syst 2020;33:4551–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4551.Search in Google Scholar
5. Erdogan, T. Fiber grating spectra. J Lightwave Technol 1997;15:1277–94. https://doi.org/10.1109/50.618322.Search in Google Scholar
6. Thandaiah Prabu, R, Soman, S, Gunasekaran, V, Velayudam, R, Jebanazer, J, Xavier, BM, et al.. Hybrid pumped laser sources based hybrid traveling wave SOA and optical EDFA amplifies for signal quality improvement. J Opt Commun 2025;46:257–65. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0055.Search in Google Scholar
7. Onoufriou, A, Kalli, K, Pureur, D, Mugnier, A. Fi-bre Bragg gratings. Springer Opt Sci 2006;123:189–269.10.1007/3-540-31770-8_6Search in Google Scholar
8. Mustafa, M, Abdelhalim, MM, Aly, MH, Barakat, TM. Dispersion compensation analysis of optical fiber link using cascaded apodized FBGs hybrid with maximum time division multiplexing transmission technique. Opt Quant Electron 2021;53:358–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03006-7.Search in Google Scholar
9. Sayed, AF, Mustafa, FM, Khalaf, AAM, Aly, MH. Symmetrical and post-dispersion compensation in WDM optical communication systems. Opt Quant Electron 2021;53:37–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02663-4.Search in Google Scholar
10. Egorova, DA, Kulikov, AV, Nikitenk, AN, Gribaev, AI, Varzhel, SV. Investigation of bending effects in chirped FBGs array in multicore fiber. Opt Quant Electron 2020;52:130–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-2251-8.Search in Google Scholar
11. Mohammed, NA, Solaiman, M, Aly, MH. Design and performance evaluation of a dispersion compensation unit using several chirping functions in a tanh apodized FBG and comparison with dispersion compensation fiber. Appl Opt 2014;53:239–47. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.00h239.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Mustafa, FM, Zaky, SA, Khalaf, AAM, Aly, MH. A cascaded FBG scheme based OQPSK/DPSK modulation for chromatic dispersion compensation. Opt Quant Electron 2022;54:429–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03826-1.Search in Google Scholar
13. Udayakumar, R, Khanaa, V, Saravanan, T. Chromatic dispersion compensation in optical fiber communication system and its simulation. Indian J Sci Technol 2013;6:4762–6.10.17485/ijst/2013/v6isp6.2Search in Google Scholar
14. Mustafa, FM, Mohamed, A, Khalaf, AAM, Sayed, AF, Aly, MH. Dispersion compensation using cascaded apodized CFBGs under MTDM transmission technique: enhanced system performance. Opt Quant Electron 2022;55:32–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04132-6.Search in Google Scholar
15. Mustafa, FM, Kholidy, HA, Sayed, AF, Aly, MH. Enhanced dispersion reduction using apodized uniform fiber Bragg grating for optical MTDM transmission systems. Opt Quant Electron 2022;55:55–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04339-7.Search in Google Scholar
16. Chakkour, M, Aghzout, O, Ahmed, BA, Chaoui, F, Yakhloufi, ME. Chromatic dispersion compensation effect performance enhancements using FBG and EDFA-wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission system. Hindawi Int J Optics 2017;6428972:1–8.10.1155/2017/6428972Search in Google Scholar
17. Dar, AB, Jha, RK. Chromatic dispersion compensation techniques and characterization of fiber Bragg grating for dispersion compensation. Opt Quant Electron 2017;49:108–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-0944-4.Search in Google Scholar
18. Mahmoud, A, El-Salam, YA, Ahmed, M, Mohamed, T. Effect of fiber properties and dispersion management on distortions associated with two subcarriers modulation of laser diode in radio over fiber systems. European Phys J D 2022;76:229–40. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00545-w.Search in Google Scholar
19. Almuhsan, MAA. Performance evaluation of various dispersion compensation techniques. J Opt 2024;53:1–18.Search in Google Scholar
20. Meena, ML, Gupta, RK. Design and comparative performance evaluation of chirped FBG dispersion compensation with DCF technique for DWDM optical trans- mission systems. Int J Light Electron Opt 2019;188:212–24.10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.05.056Search in Google Scholar
21. Gopalan, A, Simon, J, Hemalatha, T, Naresh Mandhala, V, Neelamegam, N, Sukumar, B, et al.. Comparative study of single pump all optical fiber amplifiers (POAs) with ultra wide band and high gain fiber optic parametric amplifiers in highly nonlinear fibers. J Opt Commun 2025;46:215–24. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0022.Search in Google Scholar
22. Irawan, D, Azhar, Ramadhan, K. High-performance compensation dispersion with apodization chirped fiber Bragg grating for fiber communication system. J Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 2022;8:992–9. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i2.1521.Search in Google Scholar
23. Mustafa, FM, Sayed, AF, Aly, MH. A reduced power budget and enhanced performance in a WDM system: a new fbg apodization function. Opt Quant Electron 2022;54:471–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03876-5.Search in Google Scholar
24. Mustafa, FM, Zaky, SA, Khalaf, AAM, Aly, MH. Chromatic dispersion compensation by cascaded FBG with duo binary modulation scheme. Opt Quant Electron 2022;54:819–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04202-9.Search in Google Scholar
25. Keti, F. A new proposed model for dispersion compensation via linear chirped fiber Bragg grating. Trait Du Signal 2024;41:451–7. https://doi.org/10.18280/ts.410139.Search in Google Scholar
26. Mohammed, NA, Okasha, NM. Single- and dual-band dispersion compensation unit using apodized chirped fiber Bragg grating. J Comput Electron 2018;17:349–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-017-1096-2.Search in Google Scholar
27. Jyotsanaa, RK, Singh, R. Performance comparison of pre-post- and symmetrical dispersion compensation techniques using DCF on 40 Gbps OTDM system for different fibre standards. Optik 2014;125:2134–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.10.059.Search in Google Scholar
28. Ramkumar, G, Deva Shahila, F, Lingaraj, V, Chandran, P, Chidambaram, V, Arumugam, P, et al.. Total losses and dispersion effects management and upgrading fiber reach in ultra-high optical transmission system based on hybrid amplification system. J Opt Commun 2025;46:289–98. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0074.Search in Google Scholar
29. Nsengiyumva, E, Mwangi, G, Kamucha. A comparative study of chromatic dispersion compensation in 10Gbps SMF and 40Gbps OTDM systems using a cascaded Gaussian linear apodized chirped fibre Bragg grating design. Heliyon 2022;8:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09308.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
30. Islam, AM, Alam, MS. Design optimization of equiangular spiral photonic crystal fiber for large negative flat dispersion and high birefringence. J Lightwave Technol 2012;30:3545–51. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2012.2222349.Search in Google Scholar
31. Ni, Y, Zhang, L, An, L, Peng, J, Fan, C. Dual-core photonic crystal fiber for dispersion compensation. IEEE Photon Technol Lett 2004;16:1516–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2004.827108.Search in Google Scholar
32. Ebnali-Heidari, M, Saghaei, H, Koohi-Kamali, F, Moghadasi, MN, Moravvej-Farshi, MK. Proposal for supercontinuum generation by optofluidic infiltrated photonic crystal Fibers. IEEE J Sel Top Quant Electron 2014;20:582–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2014.2307313.Search in Google Scholar
33. Olyaee, S, Sadeghi, M, Taghipour, F. Design of low-dispersion fractal photonic crystal fiber. Int J Opt Photonics (IJOP) 2012;6:57–64.10.1049/iet-opt.2011.0031Search in Google Scholar
34. Matsui, T, Sakamoto, T, Tsujikawa, K, Tomita, S, Tsubokawa, M. Single-mode photonic crystal fiber design with ultralarge effective area and low bending loss for ultrahigh-speed WDM transmission. J Lightwave Technol 2011;29:511–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2010.2089600.Search in Google Scholar
35. Wanga, Y, Qua, Y, Zhanga, C, Zuoa, Y, Hana, Y, Wanga, C, et al.. Novel design of broadband dispersion compensating photonic crystal fiber with all solid structure and low index difference. Optik 2018;156:279–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.10.160.Search in Google Scholar
© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
