Bit error rate improvement with ultra-wide high-speed wavelength division multiplexing through FSO communication channel based hybrid amplification techniques: simulative study
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Ramachandran Thandaiah Prabu
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Govindanaidu Damodaran Vignesh
Abstract
This study explores how high-speed wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) through free space optics (FSO) can improve the bit error rate (BER). It examines hybrid amplification methods and their effects on signal quality. Simulations analyze signal gain and noise figures across different modulation schemes, such as unipolar and bipolar NRZ and RZ types, before the FSO channel. The impact of the operating wavelength on optical power is also investigated, focusing on bipolar and unipolar NRZ modulations at various data rates. Optical power levels are compared with and without amplification, considering different modulation schemes and data rates in the FSO link. The BER pattern for bipolar NRZ modulation at a wavelength of 1,550 nm is shown after different FSO distances. Additionally, the Q factor and overall system BER are evaluated for multiple amplification techniques. These measurements are based on the bipolar NRZ modulation scheme at the 1,550 nm wavelength as the FSO link length varies.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: Not applicable.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
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