High capacity performance signature of micro optical mechanical system switches based fiber Bragg grating scheme implementation in optical WDM data routed center networks
-
Ramachandran Thandaiah Prabu
,
Sugumaran Subramanian
Abstract
This paper demonstrated the high capacity performance signature of micro optical mechanical system switches based fiber Bragg grating scheme in optical wavelength division multiplexing data routed center networks. The FBG reflectivity is simulated versus near infrared operating wavelength region with relative refractive index difference of Δn = 0.1 %. Required optical pump power, temperature increment and FBG power dissipation or consumption are demonstrated versus FBG wavelength spacing at pumping wavelength of 1,480 nm for doped/undoped fiber. Required FBG mechanical switching voltage, and required FBG mechanical/thermal switching time are clarified at pumping wavelength of 1,480 nm for doped/undoped fiber. Grating period and Bragg wavelength is studied against effective refractive silica/polymer FBG index.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: Not applicable.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Frazão, O, Terroso, I, Carvalho, JP, Salgado, HM. Optical cross-connect based on tuneable FBG-OC with full scalability and bidirectionality. Opt Commun 2003;220:105–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(03)01358-0.Search in Google Scholar
2. Mêwanou, R, Pierre, S. Link-state-based algorithms for dynamic routing in all-optical networks with ring topologies. Photonic Netw Commun 2006;11:5–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-006-5319-x.Search in Google Scholar
3. Mukherjee, B. WDM optical communication networks: progress and challenges. IEEE J Sel Area Commun 2000;18:1810–24. https://doi.org/10.1109/49.887904.Search in Google Scholar
4. Ahmad, M, Azizoglu, M. Adaptive wavelength routing in all-optical networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 1998;6:197–206. https://doi.org/10.1109/90.664268.Search in Google Scholar
5. Ramkumar, G, Shahila, FD, Lingaraj, V, Chandran, P, Chidambaram, V, Arumugam, P, et al.. Total losses and dispersion effects management and upgrading fiber reach in ultra-high optical transmission system based on hybrid amplification system. J Opt Commun 2024;45:133–46.10.1515/joc-2024-0074Search in Google Scholar
6. Nittayawany, J, Runggeratiguly, S. Optimum regular logical topology for wavelength routed WDM networks. IEICE Trans Commun 2004;87:1–19.Search in Google Scholar
7. Ozdaglar, AE, Bertsekas, DP. Routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 2003;11:259–72. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2003.810321.Search in Google Scholar
8. Ramaswami, R, Kumar, NS. Routing and wavelength assignment in all-optical networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 1995;3:1–17.10.1109/90.469957Search in Google Scholar
9. Mukherjee, B, Banerjee, D, Ramamurthy, S, Mukherjee, A. Some principles for designing a wide-area WDM optical network. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 1996;4:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1109/90.541317.Search in Google Scholar
10. Zang, H, Jue and, JP, Mukherjee, B. A review of routing and wavelength assignment approaches for wavelength routed optical WDM networks. Opt Network Mag 2000;1:47–60.Search in Google Scholar
11. Rashed, A, Mohammed, A-EA, Dardeer, OMA. Performance evaluation of a WDM/OCDM based hybrid optical switch utilizing efficient resource allocation. Chin Opt Lett 2014;12:1–13.10.3788/COL201412.050602Search in Google Scholar
12. Gopalan, A, Thillaigovindan, A, Patnala, PM, Lesley, HM, Sundaram, M, Srinivasan, V, et al.. High speed operation efficiency of doped light sources with the silica-doped fiber channel for extended optical fiber system reach. J Opt Commun 2024;45:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2024-0130.Search in Google Scholar
13. Terroso, I, Carvalho, JP, Frazão, O, Marques, MB, Salgado, HM. All fibre wavelength conversion based on four-wave-mixing in a ring Erbium doped fibre laser. Appl Phys B 2003;77:133–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1257-9.Search in Google Scholar
14. Srinivasan, R, Somani, AK. Dynamic routing in WDM Grooming networks. Photonic Netw Commun 2003;5:123–35. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022108108724.10.1023/A:1022108108724Search in Google Scholar
15. Saengudomlert, P, Modiano, EH, Gallager, RG. Dynamic wavelength assignment for WDM all optical tree networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 2005;13:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2005.852875.Search in Google Scholar
16. Ramamurthy, R, Mukherjee, B. Fixed-alternate routing and wavelength conversion in wavelength-routed optical networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 2002;10:1233–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2002.1012367.Search in Google Scholar
17. Bisbal, D, de Miguel, I, Gonzalez, F, Blas, J, Aguado, JC, Fernan, P, et al.. Dynamic routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks by means of genetic algorithms. Photonic Netw Commun 2004;7:43–58. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1027401202391.10.1023/A:1027401202391Search in Google Scholar
18. Chu, X, Li, B, Chlamtac, I. Wavelength converter placement under different RWA algorithms in wavelength routed all-optical networks. IEEE Trans Commun 2003;51:2344–65.10.1109/TCOMM.2003.810834Search in Google Scholar
19. Li, L, Somani, AK. Dynamic wavelength routing using congestion and neighborhood information. IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networking Journal 1999;7:779–86.10.1109/90.803390Search in Google Scholar
20. Mohan, G, Siva Ram Murthy, C, Somani, AK. Efficient algorithms for routing dependable connections in WDM optical networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 2001;19:3455–66. https://doi.org/10.1109/90.958325.Search in Google Scholar
21. Ramamurthy, R, Bogdanowics, Z, Samieian, S, Saha, D, Rajagopalam, B, Sengupta, S, et al.. Capacity performance of dynamic provisioning in optical networks. J Lightwave Technol 2001;19:23–35.10.1109/50.914483Search in Google Scholar
22. Saengudomlert, P, Modiano, EH, Gallager, RG. Dynamic wavelength assignment for WDM all optical tree networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 2005;13:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2005.852875.Search in Google Scholar
23. Qu, G, Fang, Z, Zhang, J, Zheng, S-Q. Switch centric data center network structures based on hypergraphs and combinatorial block designs. IEEE Trans Parallel Distr Syst 2014;26:1154–64. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2014.2318697.Search in Google Scholar
24. Li, W, Zhou, X, Li, K, Qi, H, Guo, D. TrafficShaper: shaping inter-datacenter traffic to reduce the transmission cost. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 2018;26:1193–206. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2018.2817206.Search in Google Scholar
25. Dorren, H, Wittebol, EH, de Kluijver, R, deVillota, GG, Duan, P, Raz, O. Challenges for optically enabled high radix switches for data center networks. J Lightwave Technol 2015;33:1117–25. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2015.2391301.Search in Google Scholar
26. Wang, F, Liu, B, Xue, X, Zhang, L, Yan, F, Magalhaes, E, et al.. Demonstration of SDN-enabled hybrid polling algorithm for packet contention resolution in optical data center network. J Lightwave Technol 2020;38:3296–304. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2020.2976549.Search in Google Scholar
27. Frazão, O, Carvalho, JP, Salgado, HM. Low loss splice in a photonic crystal fiber using a conventional fusion splicer. Microw Opt Technol Lett 2005;46:172–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.20935.Search in Google Scholar
28. Carvalho, JP, Frazão, O, Romero, R, Marques, MB, Salgado, HM. Fibre Bragg Grating switching behaviour using high power laser diodes. Microw Opt Technol Lett 2006;48:1538–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.21680.Search in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
