Performance comparison of different intensity modulation formats for FSO systems
-
Neeraj Sharma
Abstract
Intensity modulation (IM) formats are the legacy formats which are continuing to act as modulation formats of interest in fiber optic communication systems and optical networks. The IM formats have become formats of interest in free space optic communication (FSO) systems due to its simple generation and detection principle, thus making FSO system economical and easier to handle/operate under adverse and random characteristics of atmospheric channel. This paper compares the performance of different IM formats (with memory and without memory or memoryless). The IM formats considered here are non return to zero (NRZ), return to zero (RZ), carrier suppressed RZ (CSRZ), vestigial side band CSRZ (VSB-CSRZ), duobinary RZ (DRZ) and modified duobinary RZ (MDRZ). The comparative analysis investigates the effect of launch power and length of FSO channel at different data rates of 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s for single channel FSO system, with the help of simulations. The results discussed, depicts that VSB-CSRZ outperforms other modulation formats at 10 Gb/s and duobinary format has shown lesser degradation in system performance when bit rate increases from 10 Gb/s to 40 Gb/s.
-
Research ethics: All the research ethics are followed while drafting the manuscript.
-
Author contributions: The author has accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Competing interests: The author state no competing interests.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
1. Winzer, PJ, Essiambre, R-J. Advanced optical modulation formats. Proc IEEE 2006;94:952–85. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2006.873438.Search in Google Scholar
2. Kaur, J, Sharma, N. Effects of Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) on NRZ, RZ and CSRZ modulation formats in single channel light-wave system. In: 2011 international conference on emerging trends in networks and computer communications (ETNCC). Udaipur, India; 2011:61–4 pp.10.1109/ETNCC.2011.5958487Search in Google Scholar
3. Cai, Q, Guo, Y, Li, P, Bogris, A, Alan Shore, K, Zhang, Y, et al.. Modulation format identification in fiber communications using single dynamical node-based photonic reservoir computing. Photon Res 2021;9:B1–8. https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.409114.Search in Google Scholar
4. Sharma, N, Vij, R, Badhan, N. Enhanced spectral efficiency for intensity modulated DWDM systems. In: 2015 twenty first national conference on communications (NCC). Mumbai, India; 2015:1–6 pp.10.1109/NCC.2015.7084818Search in Google Scholar
5. Badhan, N, Sharma, N. Comparative analysis of CSRZ, DB and DPSK modulation formats for single channel 40Gb/s system. In: 2014 international conference on medical imaging, m-health and emerging communication systems (MedCom). Greater Noida, India; 2014:95–100 pp.10.1109/MedCom.2014.7005983Search in Google Scholar
6. Khalighi, MA, Uysal, M. Survey on free space optical communication: a communication theory perspective. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 2014;16:2231–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2014.2329501.Search in Google Scholar
7. Chow, C-W. Recent advances and future perspectives in optical wireless communication, free space optical communication and sensing for 6G. J Lightwave Technol 2024;42:3972–80. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3386630.Search in Google Scholar
8. Vavoulas, A, Sandalidis, HG, Varoutas, D. Weather effects on FSO network connectivity. J Opt Commun Networking 2012;4:734–40. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.4.000734.Search in Google Scholar
9. Sharma, A, Kaur, S, Chaudhary, S. Performance analysis of 320 Gbps DWDM–FSO System under the effect of different atmospheric conditions. Opt Quant Electron 2021;53:239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02904-0 Search in Google Scholar
10. Ghosh, A, Verma, GD, Sonali, Dixit, A. Experimental investigation of the atmospheric turbulence effects on FSO communication systems. In: 2023 IEEE international conference on advanced networks and telecommunications systems (ANTS). Jaipur, India; 2023:420–4 pp.10.1109/ANTS59832.2023.10469618Search in Google Scholar
11. Bibi, S, Baig, MI, Qamar, F, Shahzadi, R. A comprehensive survey of free-space optical communication – modulation schemes, advantages, challenges and mitigations. J Opt Commun 2023. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0265.Search in Google Scholar
12. Siegel, T, Chen, SP. Investigations of free space optical communications under real-world atmospheric conditions. Wireless Pers Commun 2021;116:475–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07724-1.Search in Google Scholar
13. Siddiqui, A, Memon, KA, Hussain Mohammadani, K, Memon, S, Hussain, M, Abbas, M. High order dual polarization modulation formats for coherent optical systems. In: 2021 IEEE 11th international conference on electronics information and emergency communication (ICEIEC). Beijing, China; 2021:79–82 pp.10.1109/ICEIEC51955.2021.9463834Search in Google Scholar
14. Large, D, Farmer, J. Chapter 5 – wavelength division multiplexing. In: Large, D, Farmer, J, editors. The Morgan Kaufmann series in networking, broadband cable access networks. Morgan Kaufmann; 2009:127–60 pp.10.1016/B978-0-12-374401-2.00005-XSearch in Google Scholar
15. Nadeem, L, Saadullah Qazi, M, Hassam, A. Performance of FSO links using CSRZ, RZ, and NRZ and effects of atmospheric turbulence. J Opt Commun 2018;39:191–7. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2016-0113.Search in Google Scholar
16. Sharma, A, Kaur, S. Performance analysis of 1280 Gbps DWDM – FSO system employing advanced modulation schemes. Optik 2021;248:168135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.168135.Search in Google Scholar
17. Sliti, M, Garai, M. Performance analysis of FSO communication systems under different atmospheric conditions. In: 2023 28th Asia Pacific conference on communications (APCC). Sydney, Australia; 2023:454–8 pp.10.1109/APCC60132.2023.10460727Search in Google Scholar
18. Zhou, Z, Zhang, H, Lin, C, Sharma, A. Performance analysis of duobinary and CSRZ modulation based polarization interleaving for high-speed WDM-FSO transmission system. J Opt Commun 2022;43:147–52. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2018-0188.Search in Google Scholar
19. Magidi, S, Pondani, T. Estimating the performance of free space optical communication in rain weather conditions using various models and modified duobinary return to zero technique. Proc Natl Acad Sci, India, Sect A 2022;92:265–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40010-020-00715-8.Search in Google Scholar
20. Singh, M, Atieh, A, Aly, MH, Abd El-Mottaleb, SA. A PAM-4 signal enabled 400 Gbps hybrid PDM-OAM multiplexing-based FSO transmission system. Opt Quant Electron 2024;56:1259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-07125-9.Search in Google Scholar
21. Singh, M, Pottoo, SN, Suvidhi, Soi, V, Grover, A, Aly, MH. A high-speed radio over free space optics transmission link under dust environment conditions employing hybrid wavelength- and mode-division multiplexing. Wireless Network 2021;27:4875–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02774-0.Search in Google Scholar
22. El-Mottaleb, SAA, Singh, M, Aly, MH. 120 Gbps FSO transmission system based on integrated OFDM-PDM-OCDMA transmission using ICSM code: performance analysis. Opt Quant Electron 2024;56:621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06303-z.Search in Google Scholar
23. El-Mottaleb, SAA, Mohamed, AG, Chehri, A, Singh, M, Atieh, A, Ahmed, HY, et al.. Performance of cipher image transmission in free space optics under foggy weather. IEEE Access 2023;11:139478–97. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3338168.Search in Google Scholar
24. El-Mottaleb, SAA, Singh, M. Performance analysis of SAC-OCDMA using EDW codes in FSO transmission under rainy weather. In: 2023 international telecommunications conference (ITC-Egypt). Alexandria, Egypt; 2023:107–12 pp.10.1109/ITC-Egypt58155.2023.10206185Search in Google Scholar
25. Parkash, S, Banga, A. Dynamics of DRZ in narrowband high-capacity 2.56 Tbps DWDM-FSO system under diverse weather conditions. J Opt 2023;53:1391–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-023-01303-w.Search in Google Scholar
26. Nguyen, DN, Vallejo, L, Bohata, J, Zvanovec, S, Ortega, B, Ghassemlooy, Z. Transmission of 2 bits/symbol over RoF and RoFSO links with different architectures for ubiquitous coverage. In: 2020 12th international symposium on communication systems, networks and digital signal processing (CSNDSP). Porto, Portugal; 2020:1–5 pp.10.1109/CSNDSP49049.2020.9249594Search in Google Scholar
27. Waterhouse, R, Novak, D, Alemohammad, M, Hobbs, S, Lim, C, Nirmalathas, A, et al.. RF over fiber distribution schemes for 60 GHz wireless personal area networks (WPANs). In: Asia-Pacific microwave conference 2011. Melbourne, VIC, Australia; 2011:1714–7 pp.Search in Google Scholar
28. Kaur, S, Sharma, A. Performance estimation of SISO and MIMO Ro-FSO link under atmospheric turbulence. Opt Quant Electron 2024;56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05667-y.Search in Google Scholar
29. Latal, J, Vitasek, J, Koudelka, PP, Siska, P, Poboril, R, Hajek, L, et al.. Simulation of modulation formats for optical access network based on WDM-PON. In: 2014 16th international conference on transparent optical networks (ICTON). Graz, Austria; 2014:1–7 pp.10.1109/ICTON.2014.6876473Search in Google Scholar
30. Sadiq, N, Hussain, A, Qamar, F, Shahzadi, R, Ali, M, Qamar, N, et al.. Performance analysis of NRZ and RZ variants for FSO communication system under different weather conditions. J Opt Commun 2023;44:s1197–204. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0294.Search in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
