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The hybrid pulse amplitude width modulation scheme: high efficiency technique for dimmable VLC systems

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Published/Copyright: September 12, 2023
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Journal of Optical Communications
From the journal Journal of Optical Communications Volume 45 Issue s1

Abstract

Visible-light communications (VLC) is an environmentally friendly optical wireless communication (OWC) technology that operates in the 400–800 THz frequency band. It is currently a critical technology for 5G and 6G wireless indoor applications due to its high data rates, low latency, and superior reliability. Intensity modulated direct detection (IM/DD) is widely used in VLC systems. A channel modulation scheme is designed using L-level pulse modulation techniques such as on–off keying (OOK), amplitude modulation (PAM), position modulation (PPM), and the width modulation (PWM). We introduce a novel hybrid modulation scheme n-M-PAWM based on both PAM and PWM schemes to improve throughput and significantly increase power and spectrum efficiency in VLC communication systems. The performance of our proposed hybrid n-M-PAWM scheme is studied in several aspects, including the number of transmitted bits per symbol, average BER, information rate ratio (IRR), PAPR, bandwidth, and power requirement. In an extremely noisy VLC system, the proposed 2-M-PAWM modulation outperforms both PPWM and PAPM modulation schemes due to its better BER performances. Additionally, we examine the performance of the VLC system in terms of spectral efficiency (SE) using our proposed PAWM-based dimming control system by varying the number of pulses transmitted during one symbol period. We demonstrate through simulation results that our PAWM-based dimming control system performs significantly better compared to the other pulse modulation schemes. All results of this research show that our proposed hybrid PAWM modulation scheme has high potential for VLC technology in indoor and noisy environments.

Keywords: visible light communication; dimming control; PAWM; power and bandwidth requirements; BER; PAPR
Corresponding author: Mohamed El Jbari, Information and Communication Technologies Laboratory (LabTIC), National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA) of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetuan, Morocco, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

We are thankful to Mr. Mohamed Moussaoui for his tireless efforts in making this research work a reality.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  4. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

  5. Research funding: Not applicable.

  6. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2023-03-29
Accepted: 2023-08-17
Published Online: 2023-09-12

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  150. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Bipolar alternate mark inversion encoding (BAMI) scheme for performance signature of optical transceiver systems under thermal effects
  151. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Various RZ percentage duty cycle coding with NRZ modulation technique signature on the fiber system performance
  152. Study and development of dual core photonic crystal fiber for the employment of guided waves polarization modes
  153. Conventional arrayed waveguide grating (CAWG) devices for high stability and low insertion loss in near infrared wavelength band
  154. High stability with low polarization and confinement loss based new structure of photonic crystal fiber waveguide profile
  155. RETRACTED ARTICLE: The efficient employment of the space division multiplexing technique with OADMs for more flexibility and scalability in optical systems
  156. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optical duobinary transmitter based OQPSK line coding phase offset for the prediction of OWC channel systems performance efficiency
  157. Optical communications with guided wave fibers with rectangular cladding for fuel adulteration detection
  158. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optical differential phase shift keying transceiver systems performance efficiency at high data rate optical systems in the presence of Pr doped amplifiers
  159. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Efficient employment of optical DPSK transmitter with linear multimode fibers and FSO channel under various duty cycle coding effects
  160. Mitigation of nonlinearities in long-haul DWDM soliton-based communication system
  161. Efficiency enhancement of long-reach passive optical network using the polarization coding
  162. A global optimal resource scheduling algorithm in muti-layer optical networks
  163. Comparative analysis of 128 × 40 Gbps DQPSK based DWDM long-haul system using various dispersion compensation techniques
  164. Narrow bandpass filter using Octonacci photonic quasicrystal
  165. High-speed all-optical digital-to-analog converter based on photonic crystal ring resonators
  166. RETRACTED ARTICLE: On off keying line coding based optical transmitter for various both optical fiber communication and OWC channels
  167. Performance of hybrid RF/FSO wireless communication system under low visibility
  168. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Distributed feedback laser grating order effects on optical systems with NRZ-RZ line coding scheme performance signature
  169. Performance analysis of ICI self-cancellation schemes in OFDM systems
  170. Millimeter wave over fiber based 50G-wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network for 5G and beyond communications
  171. Design and implementation of optical image communication encoding grounded on optical Fourier transform
  172. Efficient NOMA system: hybrid heuristic-based network parameter optimization for spectral and energy efficiency with QoS maximization
  173. Comparison of performance for third order immune photonic transmission link incorporating phase shifters and biased optimized dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
  174. Novel technique to cancel MAI for OCDMA system
  175. Crosstalk reduction in multiwavelength VOA-loop-based photonic cross-connect for mixed line rate networks
  176. Link handling for the atmospheric turbulence using LSTM neural networks in free space optical (FSO) communication
  177. Review on optical solitons for long haul transmission
  178. High performance of photonics crystals Demux with an integrated channel drop filter based on annular periodic ring cavity
  179. Effect of shallow doping on performance parameters of single heterojunction solar cell
  180. Non-linear companding scheme for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems
  181. Performance analysis of UAV assisted triple-hop mixed FSO/RF/UWOC system with altitude optimization
  182. Design of OMCG based high capacity hybrid passive optical network (PON) and FSO system employing three SOPs/λ
  183. Performance investigation for the WDM-passive optical network using multicarrier source
  184. Hybrid RF/FSO communication system in dust attenuation link
  185. Enhancement of spectral access of optical OFDM system using cognitive radio
  186. Design mode filtering interferometer using etched double clad fiber
  187. Performance investigation of contention and monitoring in long-reach passive optical networks
  188. Performance evaluation of a 2.56 Tbps DP-16QAM WDM system under various channel spacings and weather conditions using MIMO configurations
  189. Kerr effect based optical switching for the assessment of all-optical sequence generator and decoder circuits
  190. Concentric triangular mapping with iterative substitution method for PAPR reduction in OCDM system without SI
  191. Influence of multi-modes contest on the dynamics of a quantum dot light emitting diode
  192. Dual port dual drive/LiNb MZM measured modulators based light transmitter sources for ultra-long haul optical wireless systems
  193. Effect of MIMO scheme on MWIR FSO link & comparison with SWIR wavelength in the presence of different visibility and strong turbulence circumstances
  194. Distortion managed directly modulated on-off keying signal transmission for 10 Gbps visible light communications using electrical filtration
  195. Study of coupling optics of cylindrical microlens fabricated on tips of graded index fibers having different profile exponents
  196. Artificial neural network based load balancing scheme for top of rack switches in optical data centers
  197. Rain effects analysis on image transmission through free space optical communication system
  198. Implementation of 16 QAM signal transmission over RO-VLC system using high power LEDs
  199. Evaluating the effects of material reflectivity and atmospheric attenuation on photonic radar performance in free space optical channels
  200. Analysis of atmospheric attenuation of a FSO–WDM system for long-range communication
  201. Free space optical communication in Indian cities; channel characteristics and link performance
  202. Investigation of channel state information conditions in VL-NOMA using power allocation technique for 6G network
  203. Analysis of throughput and error rate of 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM O-NOMA waveforms
  204. Improving and analysing the spectral access performance of QAM-64 optical NOMA using a hybrid ED-CSD algorithm
  205. Mach–Zehnder interferometer–based optical Gold sequence generator
  206. Reduction of PAPR in OTFS signal using airy special function
  207. On the performance of FSO communication system with WDM and MIMO structure under different turbulent atmospheric conditions
  208. The hybrid pulse amplitude width modulation scheme: high efficiency technique for dimmable VLC systems
  209. Coupling of laser diode with cylindrical microlens fabricated on the tip of single-mode photonic crystal fiber: prediction of coupling optics by ABCD matrix
  210. Comparative analysis of optical data center switches
  211. The multi-layer secure communication system based on 2D-OCDMA coding
  212. Efficient employment of Yb doped multi-mode fiber amplifiers based pumped laser with advanced light sources in high speed modulated optical communication systems
  213. Ultra-long haul high speed 96 × 40 GB/s radio over IsOWC system employing advanced modulation scheme
  214. Error performance analysis for chaotic pulse width position modulation in free space optical communication system
  215. Congestion control analysis of optical packet switch for optical data center applications
  216. A CA and ML approach for M-MIMO optical non-orthogonal multiple access power efficiency
  217. Continuous wave light sources with various optical modulators for signal quality optical fiber systems enhancement
  218. Comparative study for performance efficiency of conventional optical transmitter with spatial optical transmitter through CWDM fiber system
  219. Spatial light sources with various optical wavelength window for high speed broadband optical fiber channel system
  220. Design and analysis of an optical planar waveguide using Invar as core and silicon nitride as cladding layer to control birefringence
  221. Study on the performance of injection-locked single-loop optoelectronic oscillators in presence of additive white Gaussian noise
  222. PMD tolerant transmission using multiple optical phase conjugators in the discretely amplified systems
  223. Qualitative analysis of PMD-induced long-haul optical fiber link
  224. Design of single-ended CPW to rectangular waveguide transition on InP at 300 GHz for 5G applications
  225. Comparative analysis of techniques in long reach passive optical networks: overview and design
  226. All optical Gray-to-BCD code converter using photonic crystals
  227. Recent advancement of RB noise alleviation techniques in different communication networks and its lacunae: a review
  228. A comprehensive survey of free-space optical communication – modulation schemes, advantages, challenges and mitigations
  229. A review on design, development and characterization of plasmonic nano-antenna for photonic applications
  230. Reducing latency in optical 6G waveforms using joint detection and channel estimation techniques
  231. Design and performance investigation of a coherent optical system based multi-band OFDM with various indexes
  232. Recent advances in photonic crystal based all-optical analog to digital converter: a review
  233. High speed 60 Gbps RGB laser based-FSOC link by incorporating hybrid PDM-MIMO scheme for indoor applications
  234. Line coding performance integrated with measured multimode index fibers and high speed spatial single mode laser sources
  235. High efficiency coupling fibers with different types of photo detectors for the management of noise multiplication and efficient bandwidth
  236. Performance analysis of NGPON using hybrid GPON-XGPON based robust long-haul passive optical communication network
  237. A hybrid FSO/RF communication system with DSP for long haul communication
  238. Multimode parabolic index fiber integrated with spatiotemporal vertical cavity surface emitting laser sources for optical fiber system improvement
  239. High modulation laser systems integrated with hybrid pulse generators for high speed fiber transmission systems
  240. Ultra high reach optical fiber systems based on CW laser and VCSEL laser operation performance signature
  241. User orientation and position-based transmission characteristics analysis of a LiFi system
  242. Secure RoF based 5G backhaul communication using semiconductor laser generated optical chaos
  243. BER performance analysis of MWIR and SWIR FSO links utilizing aperture averaging technique considering turbulence and various visibility situations with pointing errors
  244. Performance analysis of the RoFSO system over a log-normal turbulent link
  245. Analysis of 256-QAM optical OFDM-NOMA signal detection using beam forming
  246. Traffic grooming with greedy-based priority routing and wavelength assignment for passive optical networks
  247. Mitigating network adaptation and QoT prediction challenges in WDM networks
  248. Hybrid RoF-RoFSO system for broadband services by incorporating polarization division multiplexing scheme
  249. Recent advances in all-optical half-subtractor and full-subtractor based on photonic crystal platforms
  250. Performance analysis and comparison of NRZ-DQPSK optical wireless system with different filters under different weather conditions
  251. A neural networks approach for designing compact all-optical photonic crystal based AND logic gate
  252. Range augmentation of 16 × 60 GHz WDM RoFSO system in foggy & rainy weather
  253. Performance analysis of 160 Gbps-60 GHz OFDM-MIMO RoFSO transmission with WDM-PDM dual multiplexing
  254. Comparative analysis of passive optical networks using multiple parameters: a review
  255. Enhancing high-speed networks using RGB-based WLAN through Ro-FSO integration in the 5 GHz band
  256. High performance efficiency of optical networking infrastructure characteristics with maximum speed of commercial fiber optic line cables employment
  257. Comparative performance of wavelength division multiplexing system using different optical communication channels
  258. Turbulence mitigation in FSO based on turbo coding and equalization
  259. A modified bandwidth allocation algorithm for XGPON network
  260. Analysis of PAPR reduction of optical-OTFS for 256-QAM using companding and clipping–filtering algorithms
  261. Disaster resilience hybrid ring-mesh topology basics integrated PON/FSO system incorporating 2D-MFRS code
  262. Detection of atmospheric turbulence parameters in free space optical communication
  263. Design a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm for optimal multicell-MMSE to maximize the spectral efficiency in massive MIMO systems
  264. Analysis of the resilience of 32-channels system to nonlinear impairments based on different modulation formats and bit rates
  265. Evaluating DNN and LSTM nonlinear compensators for enhanced performance in DCO-OFDM system
  266. Design and investigation of filterless sixtuple RoF upconversion system with improved sideband to carrier suppression ratio using MZM extinction ratio variance
  267. Performance comparison of Duobinary, AMI, CNRZ and CSRZ for next generation FSO communication system
  268. Suitability analysis of optical filters for enhancing performance parameters in a QPSK CO-OFDM modulation system
  269. Enhancing the power amplifier performance of an optical-OTFS modulation for optical communication system
  270. Liner multimode fibers with high distributed optical amplification system based high efficient quadrature modulation system for reliable high capacity local area network
  271. High speed broadband light spatial laser system with hybrid linear/parabolic/measured indexed multimode optical fibers performance signature
  272. Reverse engineering and analysis of microstructure polymer fiber via artificial neural networks: simplifying the design approach
https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0101
Keywords for this article
visible light communication; dimming control; PAWM; power and bandwidth requirements; BER; PAPR

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Devices
  3. Optical Networks Performance Optimization Based on Hybrid Configurations of Optical Fiber Amplifiers and Optical Receivers
  4. The Physical Parameters of EDFA and SOA Optical Amplifiers and Bit Sequence Variations Based Optical Pulse Generators Impact on the Performance of Soliton Transmission Systems
  5. Comparative Simulation of Thermal Noise Effects for Photodetectors on Performance of Long-Haul DWDM Optical Networks
  6. Influence of Loading, Regeneration and Recalling Elements Processes on the System Behavior of All Optical Data Bus Line System Random Access Memory
  7. Single Wide Band Traveling Wave Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for All Optical Bidirectional Wavelength Conversion
  8. Polar Polarization Mode and Average Radical Flux Intensity Measurements Based on All Optical Spatial Communication Systems
  9. Power Enhancement of the U-shape Cavity Microring Resonator Through Gap and Material Characterizations
  10. High-Speed Transmission Circuits Signaling in Optical Communication Systems
  11. Signal Processing Criteria Based on Electro-Optic Filters for Fiber Optic Access Transceiver Systems
  12. Technical Specifications of the Submarine Fiber Optic Channel Bandwidth/Capacity in Optical Fiber Transmission Systems
  13. Pump Laser Automatic Signal Control for Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Gain, Noise Figure, and Output Spectral Power
  14. Performance Enhancement of Fiber Optic and Optical Wireless Communication Channels by Using Forward Error Correction Codes
  15. Comparative Simulation Study of Multi Stage Hybrid All Optical Fiber Amplifiers in Optical Communications
  16. Analytical Model Analysis of Reflection/Transmission Characteristics of Long-Period Fiber Bragg Grating (LPFBG) by Using Coupled Mode Theory
  17. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Conventional/Phase Shift Dual Drive Mach–Zehnder Modulation Measured Type Based Radio over Fiber Systems
  18. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Spatial optical transceiver system–based key solution for high data rates in measured index multimode optical fibers for indoor applications
  19. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fabry Perot laser properties with high pump lasers for upgrading fiber optic transceiver systems
  20. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Simulation study of signal gain optimization based on hybrid composition techniques for high-speed optically dense multiplexed systems
  21. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fast speed switching response and high modulation signal processing bandwidth through LiNbO3 electro-optic modulators
  22. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Simulation performance signature evolution of optical inter satellite links based booster EDFA and receiver preamplifiers
  23. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Performance enhancement of transceiver system based inter satellite optical wireless channel (IS-OWC) for ultra long distances
  24. RETRACTED ARTICLE: High speed optical switching gain based EDFA model with 30 Gb/s NRZ modulation code in optical systems
  25. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Influence of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technique on the low earth orbit intersatellite systems performance
  26. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Best selected optical fibers with wavelength multiplexing techniques for minimum bit error rates
  27. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Measuring clock jitter and data signals for bit error detection in optical transceiver systems
  28. RETRACTED ARTICLE: The influence of electrical filters with sequence generators on optical ISL performance evolution with suitable data rates
  29. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Simulative and analytical methods of bidirectional EDFA amplifiers in optical communication links in the optimum case
  30. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Cascaded stages of parametric optical fiber amplifiers with Raman fiber amplifiers for upgrading of telecommunication networks through optical wireless communication channel
  31. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fiber optic propagation problems and signal bandwidth measurements under high temperature and high dopant germanium ratios
  32. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Simulative study on the cascaded stages of traveling wave semiconductor optical amplifiers based multiplexing schemes for fiber optic systems improvement
  33. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Gain/noise figure spectra of average power model Raman optical amplifiers in coarse wavelength multiplexed systems
  34. RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effects of Tx./Rx. pointing errors on the performance efficiency of local area optical wireless communication networks
  35. RETRACTED ARTICLE: High-speed fiber system capacity with bidirectional Er-Yb CDFs based on differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation technique
  36. RETRACTED ARTICLE: In line and post erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with ideal dispersion compensation fiber Bragg grating for upgrading optical access networks
  37. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Chirped Gaussian pulse propagation with various data rates transmission in the presence of group velocity dispersion (GVD)
  38. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Wavelength division multiplexing developed with optimum length-based EDFA in the presence of dispersion-compensated fiber system
  39. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Linear/cubic measured pulse numerically with electrical jitter amplitude variations for the impact on fiber communication systems
  40. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Dispersion compensation FBG with optical quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) modulation scheme for high system capacity
  41. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Free space and wired optics communication systems performance improvement for short-range applications with the signal power optimization
  42. RETRACTED ARTICLE: High data rates in optic fiber systems based on the gain optimization techniques
  43. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Wide band fiber systems and long transmission applications based on optimum optical fiber amplifiers lengths
  44. RETRACTED ARTICLE: GaAs electro-optic absorption modulators performance evaluation, under high-temperature variations
  45. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optical switches based semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) for performance characteristics enhancement by using various electrical pulse generators
  46. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Free space optics communication channel with amplitude/frequency shift keying modulation technique based raised cosine line coding
  47. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Technical specifications and spectral performance characteristics of dispersion flattened fiber (DFF) in optical fiber systems
  48. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Integrated role between VCSEL diodes and Gaussian pulse generators with ideal EDFA for self phase modulation instability management
  49. RETRACTED ARTICLE: ROF systems performance efficiency based on continuous phase frequency shift keying phase modulation scheme
  50. RETRACTED ARTICLE: CWDM communication system based inline erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with the linear geometrical polarization model
  51. RETRACTED ARTICLE: QAM receiver based on light amplifiers measured with effective role of optical coherent duobinary transmitter
  52. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Signal propagation parameters estimation through designed multi layer fibre with higher dominant modes using OptiFibre simulation
  53. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Spatial single mode laser source interaction with measured pulse based parabolic index multimode fiber
  54. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Various transmission codes for the control of bit error rate in both optical wired and wireless communication channels
  55. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Non return to zero line coding with suppressed carrier in FSO transceiver systems under light rain conditions
  56. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Low loss flexibility and high efficiency of radio per fiber system for modern wireless communication system
  57. Design and performance evaluation of next generation access network based on advanced optical carrier generator
  58. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Signal quality enhancement in multiplexed communication systems based on the simulation model of the optimum technical specifications of Raman fiber optical amplifiers
  59. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optical transceiver communication systems performance evaluation based on nonlinear cross gain modulation effects
  60. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Conventional/linear/Lorentzian material gain semiconductor optical amplifiers performance signature with four wave mixing (FWM) nonlinearity in optical fiber communication systems
  61. Comparison among OOK, BPSK, DPSK, and QPSK with turbulence in FSO links
  62. Dispersion aware first random fit spectrum allocation approach in elastic optical network (EON)
  63. Simulative analysis of all-optical reflective semiconductor optical amplifier based 2-to-4 line decoder and read only memory (ROM)
  64. Design and performance investigation of Gaussian apodized FBG as hybrid dispersion compensation module for long-haul optical link
  65. Asymmetric 160/80 Gb/s TWDM PON with supported transmission method utilizing FBG and DML
  66. Enhancing the security of free space optical communication system by employing chaos-based modulation scheme
  67. PON and millimeter wave convergence access home network scheme design
  68. Design and development of coherent-OOFDM techniques in wavelength division multiplexing optical network for long-haul communication
  69. QCOB: a novel QPSK coherent optical OFDM modulation technique for mitigation of fiber impairments
  70. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Grating index difference (GID) and order based distributed feedback laser effects on coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber systems
  71. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Ideal single mode laser operation with single drive conventional/phase shift Mach–Zehnder modulators measured in optical access networks
  72. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Electro-optic power/signal quality optimization based on the interaction between electro-optic modulators and electrical filters
  73. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optical fiber communication system links performance enhancement for high-speed data transmission through short-reach applications
  74. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Single fiber grating profile multi scan parameters for the optimization of grating parameters by using OptiGrating simulation
  75. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Simulation of ultra long reach and high speed date rate optical wireless multiplexing communication systems based on various modulation codes
  76. Design and analysis of all-optical 1 × 4 demultiplexer based on 2D photonic crystal
  77. RETRACTED ARTICLE: High-speed passive optical networks performance signature in downstream direction based on the engagement of both nonlinear cross-phase modulation (XPM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM) techniques
  78. Empirical laser measured with optical coherent quadrate amplitude modulation receiver for upgrading fiber optic systems
  79. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Multi-mode step graded index fibers performance parameters (attenuation/dispersion/mode field) measurements by using OptiFiber simulation
  80. Quality aware path finding algorithm for mixed line rates WDM/DWDM networks
  81. Design and implementation of all optical OR and NOR gates based on PhC structure and nonlinear Kerr effect
  82. A novel energy efficient routing technique for SDN-enabled underwater WSNs using free-space optical communication
  83. Performance analysis of free space optic transmission link for broadband access networks
  84. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Design and analysis of high-speed data optical fiber communication system through EDFA amplifier system
  85. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Different mode operations based all optical fiber amplifiers with optical differential polarization quadrature phase shift keying transmitter
  86. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Performance characteristics of single Bragg grating fiber under various filter impulse functions and grating filter profiles
  87. Capacity enhancement in fiber optic communication systems using space division multiplexing
  88. A high-speed multi input multi output Ro-IsOWC system incorporating Manchester coding and E-LP, O-LP modes
  89. Reducing peak to average power ratio (PAPR) for visible light communications (VLC) system using Walsh–Hadamard precoded discrete Hartley transforms
  90. Effects of thulium (Tm) concentration and numerical aperture on the gain of thulium doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) for amplification in 2 µm region
  91. Performance analysis of different rating of pumping for thulium doped hybrid optical amplifier for SD-WDM system
  92. Nonlinear companding transform for PAPR reduction of OTFS signals
  93. Dispersion compensation analysis of 5.12 Tbps CSRZ based long-haul DWDM system
  94. A simple but accurate technique for prediction of confinement and normalized group delay parameters for propagation of first higher order mode in graded index fiber
  95. Deployment of multiservice code in FSO-based hybrid subcarrier system
  96. Simulative analysis of 1 Tb/s all-optical half-adder using quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers
  97. Radio over plastic optical fibers – a tutorial and review
  98. Optimization of the performance parameters of the Giga passive optical networks for high transmission data rates with various modulation schemes
  99. A reach enhanced hybrid OCDMA-MDM multiplexing based IsOWC system incorporating EDFA, SOA, and RFA
  100. Performance analysis of the hybrid MIMO-LD/LED link for the UWOC system in sea water
  101. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Signal strength in FSO communication channels based on directly measured modulated laser with dual drive Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs) measured
  102. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optical fiber signal strength based on Raman optical amplifiers schemes in dense wavelength multiplexed communication systems
  103. High birefringence low loss low dispersion ring core photonic crystal fiber on terahertz band
  104. FSO systems for next generation networks: a review, techniques and challenges
  105. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Simulative study on integrated optical multimode waveguides with guided beams based on the system standardization of elements
  106. Performance enhancement of duobinary modulation-based DWDM system using particle swarm optimization
  107. Investigating system performance in 16 channel WDM network at minimum attenuation window for pre-defined input noise level
  108. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Nonlinear wavelength conversion cross phase modulation in fiber systems based on directly modulated laser measured
  109. Implementation of 10 Gbps optical wireless link for 200 km inter-aircraft optical communications
  110. A novel approach towards the designing of WDM-FSO system incorporating three SOPs and its performance analysis under different geographical regions of India
  111. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Various coding techniques under bit sequence generators operation mode effects for upgrading transceiver systems efficiency
  112. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mach–Zehnder electro-optic modulators chirping management in high speed data communication lightwave systems
  113. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Visible-light wireless communication system performance signature improvement for high bit rate transmission system
  114. Hybrid OCSS/RF system employing wavelength division multiplexing and modulation transmitter diversity
  115. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Hybrid Raman/EDFA optical fiber amplifiers configuration in amplified ultra wide band wavelength division multiplexed systems
  116. Enhancing performance and optimization of multichannel bidirectional WDM-PON with hybrid optical amplifiers employing diverse post dispersion compensation schemes
  117. Comparison between various dispersion compensation schemes in optical fiber communication system
  118. Cardinality increasing of SAC-OCDMA system using novel decoder design
  119. A survey on machine learning schemes for fiber nonlinearity mitigation in radio over fiber system
  120. Design and performance analysis of optical sequence detector using lithium niobate-based Mach–Zehnder interferometers
  121. Deployment of hybrid FSO/RoF links for 5G heterogeneous networks
  122. Fiberless optical communication: issues and challenges
  123. Survey on quantum noise stream cipher implemented optical communication systems
  124. Simulating the impact of influencing factors over attenuation in fiber optics
  125. Validation of a hybrid RF/FSO communication system under foggy weather conditions
  126. Transfer learning convolutional neural network for weight classification in a plastic optical fiber
  127. Emergence of energy optimization in MIMO-OFDM communication system with hybrid teamwork-grasshopper optimization
  128. Performance enhancement and analysis of 40 GB/s dual channel hybrid FSO/FO link under diverse weather conditions
  129. Performance enhancement of passive optical network with improved bandwidth utilisation and allocation
  130. Predicting the performance of broadband passive optical networks using machine learning
  131. Pseudo noise sequence generator based on cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometer
  132. Performance analysis and optimization of multichannel DWDM-FSO system under the effect of hostile weather conditions
  133. Hybrid WDM-PDM visible light communication system incorporating compressed spectrum return to zero advance modulation format
  134. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Performance evaluation simulation of the optical splitters integrated with unidirectional fiber elements
  135. Implementation of particle swarm optimization based ICF technique to reduce the PAPR of ACO-OFDM
  136. Study of the performance signature based ternary and quaternary III–V compounds for laser diodes in optical communication system
  137. Analysis of hybrid RF/FSO wireless communications links under foggy weather conditions
  138. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Study of the splicing/coupling influence of cabling to fibers test links measurements
  139. Noise multiplication and bandwidth of photodetectors employed with Taylor dispersion in micro optical fiber channel system
  140. Improved designs for short wavelength amplification based on a thulium-doped Ta2O5 waveguide
  141. Mode mixing performance evaluation and influence of elements on the fiber system behaviour
  142. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Co-directional waveguide grating coupler transmission and reflection dispersion characteristics performance
  143. Performance evaluation of various distributors and exchange elements configurations in the optical fiber communication system under optimum operating conditions
  144. Simulative study of high speed light modulated measured sources for high optical network transmission efficiency
  145. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Integrated optics based on electro optic modulators for long distance links and high bit rate communication
  146. Efficient employment of optical sources integrated with both light detectors and free space communication modulated channel under ambient conditions effects
  147. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Simulative study of vertical cavity with distributed feedback optical sources coupling to fiber systems evaluation
  148. A systematic study on design and development of optical communication image encryption techniques
  149. Performance analysis of a dual-hop parallel relayed mixed FSO-UWOC system
  150. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Bipolar alternate mark inversion encoding (BAMI) scheme for performance signature of optical transceiver systems under thermal effects
  151. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Various RZ percentage duty cycle coding with NRZ modulation technique signature on the fiber system performance
  152. Study and development of dual core photonic crystal fiber for the employment of guided waves polarization modes
  153. Conventional arrayed waveguide grating (CAWG) devices for high stability and low insertion loss in near infrared wavelength band
  154. High stability with low polarization and confinement loss based new structure of photonic crystal fiber waveguide profile
  155. RETRACTED ARTICLE: The efficient employment of the space division multiplexing technique with OADMs for more flexibility and scalability in optical systems
  156. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optical duobinary transmitter based OQPSK line coding phase offset for the prediction of OWC channel systems performance efficiency
  157. Optical communications with guided wave fibers with rectangular cladding for fuel adulteration detection
  158. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optical differential phase shift keying transceiver systems performance efficiency at high data rate optical systems in the presence of Pr doped amplifiers
  159. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Efficient employment of optical DPSK transmitter with linear multimode fibers and FSO channel under various duty cycle coding effects
  160. Mitigation of nonlinearities in long-haul DWDM soliton-based communication system
  161. Efficiency enhancement of long-reach passive optical network using the polarization coding
  162. A global optimal resource scheduling algorithm in muti-layer optical networks
  163. Comparative analysis of 128 × 40 Gbps DQPSK based DWDM long-haul system using various dispersion compensation techniques
  164. Narrow bandpass filter using Octonacci photonic quasicrystal
  165. High-speed all-optical digital-to-analog converter based on photonic crystal ring resonators
  166. RETRACTED ARTICLE: On off keying line coding based optical transmitter for various both optical fiber communication and OWC channels
  167. Performance of hybrid RF/FSO wireless communication system under low visibility
  168. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Distributed feedback laser grating order effects on optical systems with NRZ-RZ line coding scheme performance signature
  169. Performance analysis of ICI self-cancellation schemes in OFDM systems
  170. Millimeter wave over fiber based 50G-wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network for 5G and beyond communications
  171. Design and implementation of optical image communication encoding grounded on optical Fourier transform
  172. Efficient NOMA system: hybrid heuristic-based network parameter optimization for spectral and energy efficiency with QoS maximization
  173. Comparison of performance for third order immune photonic transmission link incorporating phase shifters and biased optimized dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator
  174. Novel technique to cancel MAI for OCDMA system
  175. Crosstalk reduction in multiwavelength VOA-loop-based photonic cross-connect for mixed line rate networks
  176. Link handling for the atmospheric turbulence using LSTM neural networks in free space optical (FSO) communication
  177. Review on optical solitons for long haul transmission
  178. High performance of photonics crystals Demux with an integrated channel drop filter based on annular periodic ring cavity
  179. Effect of shallow doping on performance parameters of single heterojunction solar cell
  180. Non-linear companding scheme for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems
  181. Performance analysis of UAV assisted triple-hop mixed FSO/RF/UWOC system with altitude optimization
  182. Design of OMCG based high capacity hybrid passive optical network (PON) and FSO system employing three SOPs/λ
  183. Performance investigation for the WDM-passive optical network using multicarrier source
  184. Hybrid RF/FSO communication system in dust attenuation link
  185. Enhancement of spectral access of optical OFDM system using cognitive radio
  186. Design mode filtering interferometer using etched double clad fiber
  187. Performance investigation of contention and monitoring in long-reach passive optical networks
  188. Performance evaluation of a 2.56 Tbps DP-16QAM WDM system under various channel spacings and weather conditions using MIMO configurations
  189. Kerr effect based optical switching for the assessment of all-optical sequence generator and decoder circuits
  190. Concentric triangular mapping with iterative substitution method for PAPR reduction in OCDM system without SI
  191. Influence of multi-modes contest on the dynamics of a quantum dot light emitting diode
  192. Dual port dual drive/LiNb MZM measured modulators based light transmitter sources for ultra-long haul optical wireless systems
  193. Effect of MIMO scheme on MWIR FSO link & comparison with SWIR wavelength in the presence of different visibility and strong turbulence circumstances
  194. Distortion managed directly modulated on-off keying signal transmission for 10 Gbps visible light communications using electrical filtration
  195. Study of coupling optics of cylindrical microlens fabricated on tips of graded index fibers having different profile exponents
  196. Artificial neural network based load balancing scheme for top of rack switches in optical data centers
  197. Rain effects analysis on image transmission through free space optical communication system
  198. Implementation of 16 QAM signal transmission over RO-VLC system using high power LEDs
  199. Evaluating the effects of material reflectivity and atmospheric attenuation on photonic radar performance in free space optical channels
  200. Analysis of atmospheric attenuation of a FSO–WDM system for long-range communication
  201. Free space optical communication in Indian cities; channel characteristics and link performance
  202. Investigation of channel state information conditions in VL-NOMA using power allocation technique for 6G network
  203. Analysis of throughput and error rate of 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM O-NOMA waveforms
  204. Improving and analysing the spectral access performance of QAM-64 optical NOMA using a hybrid ED-CSD algorithm
  205. Mach–Zehnder interferometer–based optical Gold sequence generator
  206. Reduction of PAPR in OTFS signal using airy special function
  207. On the performance of FSO communication system with WDM and MIMO structure under different turbulent atmospheric conditions
  208. The hybrid pulse amplitude width modulation scheme: high efficiency technique for dimmable VLC systems
  209. Coupling of laser diode with cylindrical microlens fabricated on the tip of single-mode photonic crystal fiber: prediction of coupling optics by ABCD matrix
  210. Comparative analysis of optical data center switches
  211. The multi-layer secure communication system based on 2D-OCDMA coding
  212. Efficient employment of Yb doped multi-mode fiber amplifiers based pumped laser with advanced light sources in high speed modulated optical communication systems
  213. Ultra-long haul high speed 96 × 40 GB/s radio over IsOWC system employing advanced modulation scheme
  214. Error performance analysis for chaotic pulse width position modulation in free space optical communication system
  215. Congestion control analysis of optical packet switch for optical data center applications
  216. A CA and ML approach for M-MIMO optical non-orthogonal multiple access power efficiency
  217. Continuous wave light sources with various optical modulators for signal quality optical fiber systems enhancement
  218. Comparative study for performance efficiency of conventional optical transmitter with spatial optical transmitter through CWDM fiber system
  219. Spatial light sources with various optical wavelength window for high speed broadband optical fiber channel system
  220. Design and analysis of an optical planar waveguide using Invar as core and silicon nitride as cladding layer to control birefringence
  221. Study on the performance of injection-locked single-loop optoelectronic oscillators in presence of additive white Gaussian noise
  222. PMD tolerant transmission using multiple optical phase conjugators in the discretely amplified systems
  223. Qualitative analysis of PMD-induced long-haul optical fiber link
  224. Design of single-ended CPW to rectangular waveguide transition on InP at 300 GHz for 5G applications
  225. Comparative analysis of techniques in long reach passive optical networks: overview and design
  226. All optical Gray-to-BCD code converter using photonic crystals
  227. Recent advancement of RB noise alleviation techniques in different communication networks and its lacunae: a review
  228. A comprehensive survey of free-space optical communication – modulation schemes, advantages, challenges and mitigations
  229. A review on design, development and characterization of plasmonic nano-antenna for photonic applications
  230. Reducing latency in optical 6G waveforms using joint detection and channel estimation techniques
  231. Design and performance investigation of a coherent optical system based multi-band OFDM with various indexes
  232. Recent advances in photonic crystal based all-optical analog to digital converter: a review
  233. High speed 60 Gbps RGB laser based-FSOC link by incorporating hybrid PDM-MIMO scheme for indoor applications
  234. Line coding performance integrated with measured multimode index fibers and high speed spatial single mode laser sources
  235. High efficiency coupling fibers with different types of photo detectors for the management of noise multiplication and efficient bandwidth
  236. Performance analysis of NGPON using hybrid GPON-XGPON based robust long-haul passive optical communication network
  237. A hybrid FSO/RF communication system with DSP for long haul communication
  238. Multimode parabolic index fiber integrated with spatiotemporal vertical cavity surface emitting laser sources for optical fiber system improvement
  239. High modulation laser systems integrated with hybrid pulse generators for high speed fiber transmission systems
  240. Ultra high reach optical fiber systems based on CW laser and VCSEL laser operation performance signature
  241. User orientation and position-based transmission characteristics analysis of a LiFi system
  242. Secure RoF based 5G backhaul communication using semiconductor laser generated optical chaos
  243. BER performance analysis of MWIR and SWIR FSO links utilizing aperture averaging technique considering turbulence and various visibility situations with pointing errors
  244. Performance analysis of the RoFSO system over a log-normal turbulent link
  245. Analysis of 256-QAM optical OFDM-NOMA signal detection using beam forming
  246. Traffic grooming with greedy-based priority routing and wavelength assignment for passive optical networks
  247. Mitigating network adaptation and QoT prediction challenges in WDM networks
  248. Hybrid RoF-RoFSO system for broadband services by incorporating polarization division multiplexing scheme
  249. Recent advances in all-optical half-subtractor and full-subtractor based on photonic crystal platforms
  250. Performance analysis and comparison of NRZ-DQPSK optical wireless system with different filters under different weather conditions
  251. A neural networks approach for designing compact all-optical photonic crystal based AND logic gate
  252. Range augmentation of 16 × 60 GHz WDM RoFSO system in foggy & rainy weather
  253. Performance analysis of 160 Gbps-60 GHz OFDM-MIMO RoFSO transmission with WDM-PDM dual multiplexing
  254. Comparative analysis of passive optical networks using multiple parameters: a review
  255. Enhancing high-speed networks using RGB-based WLAN through Ro-FSO integration in the 5 GHz band
  256. High performance efficiency of optical networking infrastructure characteristics with maximum speed of commercial fiber optic line cables employment
  257. Comparative performance of wavelength division multiplexing system using different optical communication channels
  258. Turbulence mitigation in FSO based on turbo coding and equalization
  259. A modified bandwidth allocation algorithm for XGPON network
  260. Analysis of PAPR reduction of optical-OTFS for 256-QAM using companding and clipping–filtering algorithms
  261. Disaster resilience hybrid ring-mesh topology basics integrated PON/FSO system incorporating 2D-MFRS code
  262. Detection of atmospheric turbulence parameters in free space optical communication
  263. Design a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm for optimal multicell-MMSE to maximize the spectral efficiency in massive MIMO systems
  264. Analysis of the resilience of 32-channels system to nonlinear impairments based on different modulation formats and bit rates
  265. Evaluating DNN and LSTM nonlinear compensators for enhanced performance in DCO-OFDM system
  266. Design and investigation of filterless sixtuple RoF upconversion system with improved sideband to carrier suppression ratio using MZM extinction ratio variance
  267. Performance comparison of Duobinary, AMI, CNRZ and CSRZ for next generation FSO communication system
  268. Suitability analysis of optical filters for enhancing performance parameters in a QPSK CO-OFDM modulation system
  269. Enhancing the power amplifier performance of an optical-OTFS modulation for optical communication system
  270. Liner multimode fibers with high distributed optical amplification system based high efficient quadrature modulation system for reliable high capacity local area network
  271. High speed broadband light spatial laser system with hybrid linear/parabolic/measured indexed multimode optical fibers performance signature
  272. Reverse engineering and analysis of microstructure polymer fiber via artificial neural networks: simplifying the design approach
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