UOWC performance based on GMSK modulation
-
Samir M. Hameed
Abstract
This paper studies and investigates the performance of Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) for underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC). Various scatterings may result in inter-symbol interference (ISI) and degrade system error performance in UWOC links. Bit-error rate (BER) is evaluated using different water environment models such as clear seawater, coastal, and harbor for a 20 m link range. Simulation results indicate the BER performance is degraded due to the temporal dispersion of impulse response for high data rates in turbid water. In addition, the bandwidth-symbol time product (BT) is an essential parameter in GMSK, affecting BER performance and power efficiency. Therefore, BT must be chosen with a value that balances BER and power efficiency. The results show that GMSK with BT = 0.5 is a good choice that satisfies BER = 10−5 for SNR = 10 dB with an efficient power spectrum due to constant envelope and low out-of-band radiation.
-
Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
1. Schirripa Spagnolo, G, Cozzella, L, Leccese, F. Underwater optical wireless communications: overview. Sensors 2020;20:2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082261.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
2. Sajmath, PK, Ravi, RV, Majeed, KKA. Underwater wireless optical communication systems: a survey. In: 2020 7th Int conf smart struct syst ICSSS; 2020.10.1109/ICSSS49621.2020.9202150Search in Google Scholar
3. Kandouci, C. Performances enhancement of underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC) using pulse position modulation. J Opt Commun 2022;43:289–94. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2021-0176.Search in Google Scholar
4. Mikhlif, HM, Ali, MAA, Saleh, ZA. Underwater wireless optical communication: a case study of chlorophyll effect. J Opt Commun 2024;44:s1365–70. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2020-0139.Search in Google Scholar
5. AL-Deen, MB, Ali, MAA, Saleh, ZA. Theoretical investigation of multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) technique for line of sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communications system. J Opt Commun 2024;44:s1595–1605. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2020-0297.Search in Google Scholar
6. Jiang, H, He, N, Liao, X, Popoola, W, Rajbhandari, S. The BER performance of the LDPC-coded MPPM over turbulence UWOC channels. Photonics 2022;9:349. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050349.Search in Google Scholar
7. Hameed, SM, Abdulsatar, SM, Sabri, AA. Visible light communication performance using MIMO‐ADO‐OFDM system. Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol 2022;33:1–17.10.1002/ett.4493Search in Google Scholar
8. Guo, Y, Wang, X, Fu, M. QAM–OFDM transmission in underwater wireless optical communication system with limited resolution DAC. Opt Quantum Electron 2020;52:419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02529-9.Search in Google Scholar
9. Yang, X, Tong, Z, Dai, Y, Chen, X, Zhang, H, Zou, H, et al.. 100 M full-duplex underwater wireless optical communication based on blue and green lasers and high sensitivity detectors. Opt Commun 2021;498:127261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2021.127261.Search in Google Scholar
10. Xu, X, Li, Y, Huang, P, Ju, M, Tan, G. BER performance of UWOC with APD receiver in wide range oceanic turbulence. IEEE Access 2022;10:25203–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3154892.Search in Google Scholar
11. Vali, Z, Gholami, A, Ghassemlooy, Z, Omoomi, M, Michelson, DG. Experimental study of the turbulence effect on underwater optical wireless communications. Appl Opt 2018;57:8314. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.57.008314.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Fu, Y, Huang, C, Du, Y. Effect of aperture averaging on mean bit error rate for UWOC system over moderate to strong oceanic turbulence. Opt Commun 2019;451:6–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2019.06.030.Search in Google Scholar
13. Fu, Y, Duan, Q, Huang, C, Du, Y, Zhou, L. Average BER performance of rectangular QAM-UWOC over strong oceanic turbulence channels with pointing error. Opt Commun 2020;476:126362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2020.126362.Search in Google Scholar
14. Dong, Y, Zhang, H, Zhang, X. On impulse response modeling for underwater wireless optical MIMO links. In: 2014 IEEE/CIC int conf commun china, ICCC; 2015:151–5 pp.10.1109/ICCChina.2014.7008262Search in Google Scholar
15. Boluda-Ruiz, R, Rico-Pinazo, P, Castillo-Vazquez, B, Garcia-Zambrana, A, Qaraqe, K. Impulse response modeling of underwater optical scattering channels for wireless communication. IEEE Photonics J 2020;12:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2020.3012302.Search in Google Scholar
16. Alipour, A, Mir, A. On the performance of blue–green waves propagation through underwater optical wireless communication system. Photonic Netw Commun 2018;36:309–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-018-0781-9.Search in Google Scholar
17. Xu, J, Kong, M, Lin, A, Song, Y, Han, J, Xu, Z, et al.. Directly modulated green-light diode-pumped solid-state laser for underwater wireless optical communication. Opt Lett 2017;42:1664. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.42.001664.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
18. Zeng, Y, Chen, Y, Zhao, H, Wang, X. Multiple pulse amplitude and position modulation for optical wireless channel. In: Int conf ubiquitous futur networks, ICUFN 2015; 2015:132–4 pp.10.1109/ICUFN.2015.7182518Search in Google Scholar
19. Zeng, Z, Fu, S, Zhang, H, Dong, Y, Cheng, J. A survey of underwater optical wireless communications. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 2017;19:204–38. https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2016.2618841.Search in Google Scholar
20. Jiang, R, Sun, C, Tang, X, Zhang, L, Wang, H, Zhang, A. Joint user-subcarrier pairing and power allocation for uplink ACO-OFDM-NOMA underwater visible light communication systems. J Light Technol 2021;39:1997–2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2020.3045106.Search in Google Scholar
21. Hameed, SM, Sabri, AA, Abdulsatar, SM. A novel PAPR reduction method for ADO-OFDM VLC systems. Opt Quantum Electron 2021;53:595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03251-w.Search in Google Scholar
22. Elnoubi, SM. Analysis of GMSK with discriminator detection in mobile radio channels. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 1986;35:71–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/t-vt.1986.24073.Search in Google Scholar
23. Chen, Y, Li, Z, Liu, P, Liu, S. The BER performance comparison of MSK and GMSK schemes for short-range visible light communication. In: 2017 9th IEEE int conf commun software networks, ICCSN; 2017:611–4 pp.10.1109/ICCSN.2017.8230184Search in Google Scholar
24. Sahoo, PK. Error rate analysis of phase sampled RZ-GMSK over turbulent FSO channel. J Opt Commun 2022;43:125–7.10.1515/joc-2018-0179Search in Google Scholar
25. Santhanam, B, Gupta, M. Energy separation and demodulation of CPM signals. In: Proceedings of 2002 IEEE 10th digital signal processing workshop, 2002 and the 2nd signal processing education workshop. IEEE:20–3 pp.10.1109/DSPWS.2002.1231068Search in Google Scholar
26. Linz, A, Hendrickson, A. Efficient implementation of an I-Q GMSK modulator. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Analog Digit Signal Process 1996;43:14–23.10.1109/82.481470Search in Google Scholar
27. Wu, J, Saulnier, GJ. A two-stage MSK-type detector for low-BT GMSK signals. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 2003;52:1166–73. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2003.814233.Search in Google Scholar
28. Sahoo, PK, Prajapati, YK, Tripathi, R. Performance enhancement of Gaussian minimum shift keying using optimum phase sampling technique for turbulent free-space optical communication. Wireless Pers Commun 2021;118:855–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-08047-x.Search in Google Scholar
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Design and construction of passively pulse compressor using PM–Mach–Zehnder interferometers
- Performance analysis of 2λ × 160 Gbps optical single sideband (OSSB) generation in polarization division multiplexed (PDM) QPSK based satellite wireless optical systems (SWOS)
- Detectors
- Analytical design of fiber-optic FM/PM demodulator
- Devices
- Performance analysis of optical spectral amplitude CDMA system unipolar codes with double weight construction design
- Fibers
- Delineation of profoundly birefringent nonlinear photonic crystal fiber in terahertz frequency regime
- Performance enhancement of 8 channel SCM–WDM based RoF link using different type of transmission fibers along with different type of channel spacing
- Networks
- Flower shaped gap tuned plasmonic nano-antenna for optical wireless communication
- Radial distribution of pump and signal intensities in step index EDFA for LP11 mode in Kerr nonlinear condition
- Next-generation WDM-PON optimized architecture for FTTH network with maximal resources for high throughput
- Equilibrium points, linear stability, and bifurcation analysis on the dynamics of a quantum dot light emitting diode system
- Receiver
- Capacity enhancement of WDM visible light communication system employing 3-SOPs/channel/LD color
- Systems
- A 4 × 210 Gbps high-speed optical wireless system in medium earth orbit (MEO) using matched filters and digital signal processing
- Investigation of hybrid LD/LED system for UWOC link with depth variations
- Research on novel variable air-hole photonic crystal fiber
- Comparison of solar cell and photodiode performance for underwater visible light communications system with RF transmission by various techniques
- Performance of hybrid LD/LED system for UWOC link in Baltic Sea
- Performance investigation of various modulation techniques in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system
- Implementation of a polarization-encoded quantum CNOT gate
- Transmission of RF frequency by MIMO-LED system for underwater turbulent channel link
- Design of an ultra-compact photonic crystal based all optical XOR and NOT logic gates
- Theory
- Design and analysis of series and parallel circuits based on plasmonic waveguides for high-performance computing devices
- Performance evaluation of PDM-256-QAM inter-satellite optical wireless system (IsOWC) using DSP and different wavelength windows
- UOWC performance based on GMSK modulation
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Amplifiers
- Design and construction of passively pulse compressor using PM–Mach–Zehnder interferometers
- Performance analysis of 2λ × 160 Gbps optical single sideband (OSSB) generation in polarization division multiplexed (PDM) QPSK based satellite wireless optical systems (SWOS)
- Detectors
- Analytical design of fiber-optic FM/PM demodulator
- Devices
- Performance analysis of optical spectral amplitude CDMA system unipolar codes with double weight construction design
- Fibers
- Delineation of profoundly birefringent nonlinear photonic crystal fiber in terahertz frequency regime
- Performance enhancement of 8 channel SCM–WDM based RoF link using different type of transmission fibers along with different type of channel spacing
- Networks
- Flower shaped gap tuned plasmonic nano-antenna for optical wireless communication
- Radial distribution of pump and signal intensities in step index EDFA for LP11 mode in Kerr nonlinear condition
- Next-generation WDM-PON optimized architecture for FTTH network with maximal resources for high throughput
- Equilibrium points, linear stability, and bifurcation analysis on the dynamics of a quantum dot light emitting diode system
- Receiver
- Capacity enhancement of WDM visible light communication system employing 3-SOPs/channel/LD color
- Systems
- A 4 × 210 Gbps high-speed optical wireless system in medium earth orbit (MEO) using matched filters and digital signal processing
- Investigation of hybrid LD/LED system for UWOC link with depth variations
- Research on novel variable air-hole photonic crystal fiber
- Comparison of solar cell and photodiode performance for underwater visible light communications system with RF transmission by various techniques
- Performance of hybrid LD/LED system for UWOC link in Baltic Sea
- Performance investigation of various modulation techniques in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system
- Implementation of a polarization-encoded quantum CNOT gate
- Transmission of RF frequency by MIMO-LED system for underwater turbulent channel link
- Design of an ultra-compact photonic crystal based all optical XOR and NOT logic gates
- Theory
- Design and analysis of series and parallel circuits based on plasmonic waveguides for high-performance computing devices
- Performance evaluation of PDM-256-QAM inter-satellite optical wireless system (IsOWC) using DSP and different wavelength windows
- UOWC performance based on GMSK modulation
