Climate-Related Vulnerability Assessment Toward Disaster Risk Reduction: Insight from Pakistan

References

Abid, M., J. Schilling, J. Scheffran, and F. Zulfiqar. 2016. “Climate Change Vulnerability, Adaptation and Risk Perceptions at Farm Level in Punjab, Pakistan.” Science of the Total Environment 547: 447–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.125.Search in Google Scholar

Ahmed, Z., G. S. Guha, A. M. Shew, and G. M. Alam. 2021. “Climate Change Risk Perceptions and Agricultural Adaptation Strategies in Vulnerable Riverine Char Islands of Bangladesh.” Land Use Policy 103: 105295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105295.Search in Google Scholar

Armaş, I. 2012. “Multi-criteria Vulnerability Analysis to Earthquake Hazard of Bucharest, Romania.” Natural Hazards 63 (2): 1129–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0209-2.Search in Google Scholar

Bennett, D. 2020. “Five Years Later: Assessing the Implementation of the Four Priorities of the Sendai Framework for Inclusion of People with Disabilities.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 11 (2): 155–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00267-w.Search in Google Scholar

Birkmann, J. 2006. “Measuring Vulnerability to Promote Disaster-Resilient Societies: Conceptual Frameworks and Definitions.” Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards: Towards Disaster Resilient Societies 1: 9–54.Search in Google Scholar

Birkmann, J., O. Cardona, M. Carreño, A. Barbat, M. Pelling, S. Schneiderbauer, S. Kienberger, M. Keiler, D. Alexander, P. Zeil, and T. Welle. 2013a. “Framing Vulnerability, Risk and Societal Responses.” Natural Hazards 67: 193–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0558-5.Search in Google Scholar

Birkmann, J., O. D. Cardona, M. L. Carreño, A. H. Barbat, M. Pelling, S. Schneiderbauer, S. Kienberger, M. Keiler, D. Alexander, P. Zeil, and T. Welle. 2013b. “Framing Vulnerability, Risk and Societal Responses: The MOVE Framework.” Natural Hazards 67 (2): 193–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0558-5.Search in Google Scholar

Birkmann, J., and J. M. McMillan. 2020. Linking Hazard Vulnerability, Risk Reduction, and Adaptation. London, UK: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science.10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.145Search in Google Scholar

Bogardi, J., and J. Birkmann. 2004. “Vulnerability Assessment: The First Step towards Sustainable Risk Reduction.” Disaster and Society—From Hazard Assessment to Risk Reduction 1: 75–82.Search in Google Scholar

Bohle, H.-G. 2001. “Vulnerability and Criticality: Perspectives from Social Geography.” IHDP Update 2 (01): 3–5.Search in Google Scholar

Bollettino, V., T. Alcayna-Stevens, M. Sharma, P. Dy, P. Pham, and P. Vinck. 2020. “Public Perception of Climate Change and Disaster Preparedness: Evidence from the Philippines.” Climate Risk Management 30: 100250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2020.100250.Search in Google Scholar

Bostick, T. P., T. H. Holzer, and S. Sarkani. 2017. “Enabling Stakeholder Involvement in Coastal Disaster Resilience Planning.” Risk Analysis 37 (6): 1181–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12737.Search in Google Scholar

Busayo, E. T., A. M. Kalumba, G. A. Afuye, O. Y. Ekundayo, and I. R. Orimoloye. 2020. “Assessment of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Studies since 2015.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 50: 101906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101906.Search in Google Scholar

Cardona Arboleda, O. D. 2001. Estimación holística del riesgo sísmico utilizando sistemas dinámicos complejos. Barcelona, Spain: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.Search in Google Scholar

Cardona, O. 2005. Indicators of Disaster Risk and Risk Management: Summary Report. Manizales, Colombia: Inter-American Development Bank.10.18235/0010537Search in Google Scholar

Chen, C., I. Noble, J. Hellmann, J. Coffee, M. Murillo, and N. Chawla. 2015. University of Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index Country Index Technical Report. USA, University of Notre Dame.Search in Google Scholar

Clauss, T., and C. Tangpong. 2019. “Perception‐based Supplier Attributes and Performance Implications: A Multimethod Exploratory Study.” Journal of Supply Chain Management 55 (4): 34–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12211.Search in Google Scholar

Collier, Z. A., S. Walters, D. DiMase, J. M. Keisler, and I. Linkov. 2014. “A Semi-quantitative Risk Assessment Standard for Counterfeit Electronics Detection.” SAE International Journal of Aerospace 7 (1): 171. https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-9002.Search in Google Scholar

CRED, CRED Disaster Country Profiles. 2021. “Pakistan.” In o. t. C. f. R. o. t. E. o. D. (CRED). Brussels: The Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED).Search in Google Scholar

Dale, M. 2021. “Managing the Effects of Extreme Sub-daily Rainfall and Flash Floods—A Practitioner’s Perspective.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 379 (2195): 20190550. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0550.Search in Google Scholar

DfID. 1999. Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets, Vol. 445. London: Department for International Development.Search in Google Scholar

DRMKC. 2022. Country Risk Profile, Pakistan. D. R. M. K. Centre. Brussels: Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre.Search in Google Scholar

Dube, E. 2020. “The Build-Back-Better Concept as a Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy for Positive Reconstruction and Sustainable Development in Zimbabwe: A Literature Study.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 43: 101401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101401.Search in Google Scholar

EM-DAT. 2021. “Disaster Country Profile, Pakistan.” In Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT).Search in Google Scholar

Fowler, H. J., H. Ali, R. P. Allan, N. Ban, R. Barbero, P. Berg, S. Blenkinsop, N. S. Cabi, S. Chan, and M. Dale. 2021. “Towards Advancing Scientific Knowledge of Climate Change Impacts on Short-Duration Rainfall Extremes.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 379 (2195): 20190542. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0542.Search in Google Scholar

Fuchs, S., J. Birkmann, and T. Glade. 2012. “Vulnerability Assessment in Natural Hazard and Risk Analysis: Current Approaches and Future Challenges.” Natural Hazards 64 (3): 1969–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0352-9.Search in Google Scholar

Füssel, H.-M.. 2007. “Vulnerability: A Generally Applicable Conceptual Framework for Climate Change Research.” Global Environmental Change 17 (2): 155–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.05.002.Search in Google Scholar

García, A. P., P. Mateos, and C. H. Giralt. 2018. “A Theoretical and Methodological Essay on the Concept of Vulnerability CONTEXTO.” Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León 12 (17): 109–22.Search in Google Scholar

Gasu, M., G. Gasu and U. Ntemuse (2021). “A Review of Biodiversity Loss and Climate Change: Policy Measures and Adaptation Strategies in Nigeria.” Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography 47 (1 and 2): 100–22.Search in Google Scholar

Habibullah, M. S., B. H. Din, S.-H. Tan, and H. Zahid. 2022. “Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity Loss: Global Evidence.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29 (1): 1073–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15702-8.Search in Google Scholar

Han, J., H. Dai, and Z. Gu. 2021. “Sandstorms and Desertification in Mongolia, an Example of Future Climate Events: A Review.” Environmental Chemistry Letters 19 (6): 4063–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01285-w.Search in Google Scholar

Herrnstein, R. J., G. F. Loewenstein, D. Prelec, and W. VaughanJr. 1993. “Utility Maximization and Melioration: Internalities in Individual Choice.” Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 6 (3): 149–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.3960060302.Search in Google Scholar

Hosmer, D. W.Jr., S. Lemeshow, and R. X. Sturdivant. 2013. Applied Logistic Regression. New jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons.10.1002/9781118548387Search in Google Scholar

Hulme, P. E. 2021. “Unwelcome Exchange: International Trade as a Direct and Indirect Driver of Biological Invasions Worldwide.” One Earth 4 (5): 666–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.015.Search in Google Scholar

Huq, M., A. Shoeb, M. A. Hossain, S. Fahad, M. Kamruzzaman, A. Javed, N. Saleem, K. Adnan, S. A. Sarker, and M. Y. Ali. 2020. Measuring Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards: Qualitative to Quantitative. Environment, Climate, Plant and Vegetation Growth, 421–52. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-49732-3_17Search in Google Scholar

Jamshed, A., J. Birkmann, I. A. Rana, and J. M. McMillan. 2020. “The Relevance of City Size to the Vulnerability of Surrounding Rural Areas: An Empirical Study of Flooding in Pakistan.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 48: 101601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101601.Search in Google Scholar

Jamshed, A., I. A. Rana, U. M. Mirza, and J. Birkmann. 2019. “Assessing Relationship between Vulnerability and Capacity: An Empirical Study on Rural Flooding in Pakistan.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 36: 101109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101109.Search in Google Scholar

Joshi, N. C., and G. Rawat. 2021. “An Integrated Approach for the Identification and Prioritization of Areas Based on Their Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A Case Study of Agro-Pastoral Community from Western Indian Himalaya.” Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 26 (6): 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-021-09962-5.Search in Google Scholar

Kawasaki, A., and J. Rhyner. 2018. “Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience: Roles of Science, Technology, and Education.” Journal of Disaster Research 13 (7): 1181–6. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1181.Search in Google Scholar

Khan, I., H. Lei, A. A. Shah, I. Khan, and I. Muhammad. 2021a. “Climate Change Impact Assessment, Flood Management, and Mitigation Strategies in Pakistan for Sustainable Future.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28 (23): 29720–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12801-4.Search in Google Scholar

Khan, I., H. Lei, I. A. Shah, I. Ali, I. Khan, I. Muhammad, X. Huo, and T. Javed. 2020. “Farm Households’ Risk Perception, Attitude and Adaptation Strategies in Dealing with Climate Change: Promise and Perils from Rural Pakistan.” Land Use Policy 91: 104395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104395.Search in Google Scholar

Khan, M. B. A., A.-u. Rahman, and R. Shaw. 2021b. “Evaluation of Ecosystem-Based Approaches for Disaster and Climate Risk Resilience and Policy Perspectives in Pakistan.” In Ecosystem-Based Disaster and Climate Resilience, 53–84. Gateway East, Singapore: Springer.10.1007/978-981-16-4815-1_3Search in Google Scholar

Kofi, A. 2004. “Living with Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives.” In UN Secretary-General. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR). Geneva: United Nations.Search in Google Scholar

Lambert, E., D. Le Bars, H. Goelzer, and R. S. van de Wal. 2021. “Correlations between Sea‐level Components Are Driven by Regional Climate Change.” Earth’s Future 9 (2): e2020EF001825. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ef001825.Search in Google Scholar

Lau, Y.-Y., T.-L. Yip, M. A. Dulebenets, Y.-M. Tang, and T. Kawasaki. 2022. “A Review of Historical Changes of Tropical and Extra-tropical Cyclones: A Comparative Analysis of the United States, Europe, and Asia.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (8): 4499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084499.Search in Google Scholar

Lavell, A., M. Oppenheimer, C. Diop, J. Hess, R. Lempert, J. Li, and S. Myeong, IPCC. 2012. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 25–64. IPCC.10.1017/CBO9781139177245.004Search in Google Scholar

Li, L., R. Cao, K. Wei, W. Wang, and L. Chen. 2019. “Adapting Climate Change Challenge: A New Vulnerability Assessment Framework from the Global Perspective.” Journal of Cleaner Production 217: 216–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.162.Search in Google Scholar

Liou, Y.-A., A. K. Nguyen, and M.-H. Li. 2017. “Assessing Spatiotemporal Eco-Environmental Vulnerability by Landsat Data.” Ecological Indicators 80: 52–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.04.055.Search in Google Scholar

López-Martínez, F., S. Gil-Guirado, and A. Pérez-Morales. 2017. “Who Can You Trust? Implications of Institutional Vulnerability in Flood Exposure along the Spanish Mediterranean Coast.” Environmental Science & Policy 76: 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2017.06.004.Search in Google Scholar

Malik, S. M., H. Awan, and N. Khan. 2012. “Mapping Vulnerability to Climate Change and its Repercussions on Human Health in Pakistan.” Globalization and Health 8 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-8-31.Search in Google Scholar

Maly, E., and A. Suppasri. 2020. “The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction at Five: Lessons from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 11 (2): 167–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00268-9.Search in Google Scholar

Manyena, B., F. Machingura, and P. O’Keefe. 2019. “Disaster Resilience Integrated Framework for Transformation (DRIFT): A New Approach to Theorising and Operationalising Resilience.” World Development 123: 104587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.06.011.Search in Google Scholar

Marx, W., R. Haunschild, and L. Bornmann. 2021. “Heat Waves: A Hot Topic in Climate Change Research.” Theoretical and Applied Climatology 146 (1): 781–800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03758-y.Search in Google Scholar

Moss, R. H., A. L. Brenkert, and E. L. Malone. 2001. Vulnerability to Climate Change: A Quantitative Approach. Prepared for the US Department of Energy.Search in Google Scholar

Moulton, H., M. Carey, C. Huggel, and A. Motschmann. 2021. “Narratives of Ice Loss: New Approaches to Shrinking Glaciers and Climate Change Adaptation.” Geoforum 125: 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.06.011.Search in Google Scholar

Murao, O., and H. Sakaba. 2016. “Quantitative Text Analysis of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.” Journal of Disaster Research 11 (3): 459–69. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p0459.Search in Google Scholar

Mysiak, J. (2021). “Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation for Risk-informed and Climate-smart Development.” Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation for risk-informed and climate-smart development | PreventionWeb.Search in Google Scholar

ND-GAIN. 2019. Country Profile, Pakistan. Indiana: U. o. N. Dame. USA.Search in Google Scholar

NDMA. 2012. National Disaster Management Plan-2012. Islamabad: N. D. M. A. (NDMA). Pakistan, Government of Pakistan.Search in Google Scholar

Nguyen, A. K., Y.-A. Liou, M.-H. Li, and T. A. Tran. 2016. “Zoning Eco-Environmental Vulnerability for Environmental Management and Protection.” Ecological Indicators 69: 100–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.026.Search in Google Scholar

Nguyen, K.-A., Y.-A. Liou, and J. P. Terry. 2019. “Vulnerability of Vietnam to Typhoons: A Spatial Assessment Based on Hazards, Exposure and Adaptive Capacity.” Science of the Total Environment 682: 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.069.Search in Google Scholar

O’Keefe, P. 1976. “Taking the “Naturalness” Out of “Natural Disaster”.” Nature (London) 260: 566–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/260566a0.Search in Google Scholar

O’Brien, K., S. H. Eriksen, A. Schjolen, and L. Nygaard. 2004. What’s in a Word? Conflicting Interpretations of Vulnerability in Climate Change Research. Oslo: Oslo University.Search in Google Scholar

Paterson, S., and K. Guida. 2021. Bridging Gaps: Connecting Climate Change Risk Assessments with Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Agendas. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1007/978-3-030-80791-7_4Search in Google Scholar

Peduzzi, P. 2019. “The Disaster Risk, Global Change, and Sustainability Nexus.” Sustainability 11 (4): 957. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11040957.Search in Google Scholar

Phung, D., S. Rutherford, F. Dwirahmadi, C. Chu, C. M. Do, T. Nguyen, and N. C. Duong. 2016. “The Spatial Distribution of Vulnerability to the Health Impacts of Flooding in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.” International Journal of Biometeorology 60 (6): 857–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-015-1078-7.Search in Google Scholar

Pratidina, G., and P. Santoso. 2019. “Detection of Satellite Data-Based Flood-Prone Areas Using Logistic Regression in the Central Part of Java Island.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1367 (1): 012086, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1367/1/012086.Search in Google Scholar

Qazlbash, S. K., M. Zubair, S. A. Manzoor, A. ul Haq, and M. S. Baloch. 2021. “Socioeconomic Determinants of Climate Change Adaptations in the Flood-Prone Rural Community of Indus Basin, Pakistan.” Environmental Development 37: 100603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100603.Search in Google Scholar

Rafiq, L., and T. Blaschke. 2012. “Disaster Risk and Vulnerability in Pakistan at a District Level.” Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 3 (4): 324–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2011.626083.Search in Google Scholar

Raju, E., and K. da Costa. 2018. “Governance in the Sendai: A Way Ahead?” Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 27 (3): 278–91, https://doi.org/10.1108/dpm-08-2017-0190.Search in Google Scholar

Rana, I. A., and J. K. Routray. 2018. “Multidimensional Model for Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Flooding: An Empirical Study in Pakistan.” International Journal of disaster risk Science 9 (3): 359–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-018-0179-4.Search in Google Scholar

Reichstein, M., F. Riede, and D. Frank. 2021. More floods, fires and Cyclones—Plan for Domino Effects on Sustainability Goals, 592, 347–9. Berlin Heidelberg: Nature Publishing Group.10.1038/d41586-021-00927-xSearch in Google Scholar

Ribeiro, K., F. S. Pacheco, J. W. Ferreira, E. R. de Sousa‐Neto, A. Hastie, G. C. Krieger Filho, P. C. Alvalá, M. C. Forti, and J. P. Ometto. 2021. “Tropical Peatlands and Their Contribution to the Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change.” Global Change Biology 27 (3): 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15408.Search in Google Scholar

Ross, T., and J. Sumner. 2002. “A Simple, Spreadsheet-Based, Food Safety Risk Assessment Tool.” International Journal of Food Microbiology 77 (1-2): 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00061-2.Search in Google Scholar

Ruangpan, L., Z. Vojinovic, J. Plavšić, D.-J. Doong, T. Bahlmann, A. Alves, L.-H. Tseng, A. Randelović, A. Todorović, Z. Kocic, V. Beljinac, M. H. Wu, W. C. Lo, B. Perez-Lapeña, and M. J. Franca. 2021. “Incorporating Stakeholders’ Preferences into a Multi-Criteria Framework for Planning Large-Scale Nature-Based Solutions.” Ambio 50 (8): 1514–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01419-4.Search in Google Scholar

Sadia, H., M. J. Iqbal, J. Ahmad, A. Ali, and A. Ahmad. 2016. “Gender-sensitive Public Health Risks and Vulnerabilities’ Assessment with Reference to Floods in Pakistan.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 19: 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.08.024.Search in Google Scholar

Salehi, M. 2022. “Global Water Shortage and Potable Water Safety; Today’s Concern and Tomorrow’s Crisis.” Environment International 158: 106936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106936.Search in Google Scholar

Shah, A. A., J. Ye, M. Abid, J. Khan, and S. M. Amir. 2018. “Flood Hazards: Household Vulnerability and Resilience in Disaster-Prone Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan.” Natural Hazards 93 (1): 147–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3293-0.Search in Google Scholar

Stewart, T. J., S. French, and J. Rios. 2013. “Integrating Multicriteria Decision Analysis and Scenario Planning—Review and Extension.” Omega 41 (4): 679–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2012.09.003.Search in Google Scholar

Su, S., J. Pi, C. Wan, H. Li, R. Xiao, and B. Li. 2015. “Categorizing Social Vulnerability Patterns in Chinese Coastal Cities.” Ocean & Coastal Management 116: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.06.026.Search in Google Scholar

Turner, B. L., R. E. Kasperson, P. A. Matson, J. J. McCarthy, R. W. Corell, L. Christensen, N. Eckley, J. X. Kasperson, A. Luers, M. L. Martello, C. Polsky, A. Pulsipher, and A. Schiller. 2003. “A Framework for Vulnerability Analysis in Sustainability Science.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (14): 8074–9. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1231335100.Search in Google Scholar

Ullah, I., F. Saleem, V. Iyakaremye, J. Yin, X. Ma, S. Syed, S. Hina, T. G. Asfaw, and A. Omer. 2022. “Projected Changes in Socioeconomic Exposure to Heatwaves in South Asia under Changing Climate.” Earth’s Future 10 (2): e2021EF002240. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ef002240.Search in Google Scholar

UNDRR. 2019. Disaster Risk Reduction in Pakistan, Status Report 2019. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, Thailand: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.Search in Google Scholar

UNDRR. 2020. Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework. CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.Search in Google Scholar

UNDRR. 2022. Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2022: Our World at Risk: Transforming Governance for a Resilient Future. CH1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.Search in Google Scholar

UNFCCC. 2021. Pakistan: Updated Nationally Determined Contributions 2021. Bonn: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) secretariat.Search in Google Scholar

UNISDR. 2009. UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva: United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.Search in Google Scholar

United Nations. 2015. General Assembly. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 3 June 2015. 69/283. Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030. A/RES/69/283: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (un.org).Search in Google Scholar

UNOPS. 2020. Support for the Implementation of the Sendai Framework Fordisaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Copenhagen: United Nations Office for Project Services.Search in Google Scholar

Valente, M., M. Trentin, L. Ragazzoni, and F. Barone-Adesi. 2022. “Aligning Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in the Post-COP26 Era.” The Lancet Planetary Health 6 (2): e76–e77. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00013-4.Search in Google Scholar

Vivek, R., and Y. Nanthagopan. 2021. “Review and Comparison of Multi-Method and Mixed Method Application in Research Studies.” European Journal of Management Issues 29 (4): 200–8.10.15421/192119Search in Google Scholar

Wahlström, M. 2015. “New Sendai Framework Strengthens Focus on Reducing Disaster Risk.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 6 (2): 200–1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0057-2.Search in Google Scholar

WBG. 2021. Climate Risk Country Profile: Pakistan: The World Bank Group and the Asian Development Bank, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines. 15078-WB_Pakistan Country Profile-WEB.pdf (worldbank.org).Search in Google Scholar

Wing, I. S., E. De Cian, and M. N. Mistry. 2021. “Global Vulnerability of Crop Yields to Climate Change.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 109: 102462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102462.Search in Google Scholar

Wisner, B., P. Blaikie, T. Cannon, and I. Davis. 2014. At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters. London, UK: Routledge.10.4324/9780203714775Search in Google Scholar

WMO. 2021. “The Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2019).” 978-92-63-11267-5. Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization.Search in Google Scholar

Wu, G., J. Chen, J.-S. Kim, L. Gu, J.-H. Lee, and L. Zhang. 2022. “Impacts of Climate Change on Global Meteorological Multi-Year Droughts Using the Last Millennium Simulation as a Baseline.” Journal of Hydrology 610: 127937, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127937.Search in Google Scholar

Zakour, M. J., and D. F. Gillespie. 2013. “Community Disaster Vulnerability.” Theory, Research, and Practice 143–60, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5737-4_10.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, J., W. Xu, X. Liao, S. Zong, and B. Liu. 2021. “Global Mortality Risk Assessment from River Flooding under Climate Change.” Environmental Research Letters 16 (6): 064036. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abff87.Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, L., X. Wu, Z. Xu, and H. Fujita. 2018. “Emergency Decision Making for Natural Disasters: An Overview.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 27: 567–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.09.037.Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, Y., Y. Liu, W. Wu, and N. Li. 2015. “Integrated Risk Assessment of Multi-Hazards in China.” Natural Hazards 78 (1): 257–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1713-y.Search in Google Scholar