Effects of minas frescal cheese enriched with Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05 on bone health in a preclinical model of chronic kidney disease
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Manuela Fernandes da Silva Melo
,
Jéssica da Costa Mota
Abstract
Objectives
Milk products are good vehicles for probiotics due to their physical-chemical characteristics, improving probiotic survival in food and in the gastrointestinal tract. Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05 is known to modulate gut microbiota, and probiotics have been reported to influence mineral absorption by improving the gut microbiota profile, highlighting the gut-bone axis. This intervention could be relevant in nephrology due to the high prevalence of renal osteodystrophy in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given the potential role of gut microbiota in bone metabolism, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of consuming Minas Frescal cheese enriched with L. acidophilus La-05 on bone parameters in nephrectomized Wistar rats.
Methods
Rats were divided into Sham and CKD groups receiving conventional or probiotic-enriched Minas cheese (20 g/day) for 6 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur and tibia was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and femoral biomechanical properties (maximum force, breaking strength, flexural modulus) were assessed using a three-point bending test.
Results
CKD significantly reduced tibial (0.08 ± 0.01 vs. 0.11 ± 0.01 g/cm3, p=0.0147) and femoral (0.14 ± 0.01 vs. 0.16 ± 0.01 g/cm3, p=0.0217) BMD in rats, and probiotic supplementation did not mitigate this loss. Probiotic intervention was associated with a significant decrease in femur length in CKD rats (3.74 ± 0.14 vs. 3.92 ± 0.10 mm, p=0.0221).
Conclusions
Short-term probiotic supplementation in a cheese matrix did not improve BMD or femoral biomechanics, suggesting a limited effect on CKD-related bone loss.
Funding source: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
Award Identifier / Grant number: E−26/201.373/2021
Funding source: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Funding source: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) – Brazil
Award Identifier / Grant number: Code 001
Funding source: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2022/14824-4
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the Fluminense Federal University laboratories below for their support: Integrated Food and Nutrition Center (CIAN), Nutritional and Functional Assessment Laboratory (LANUFF), Restorative Biomaterials Analytical Laboratory (LABiom-R), Clinical Research Unit (UPC)—Antônio Pedro University Hospital, and Multi-User Cryogenics Laboratory (CRIO). We would also like to thank all the collaborators involved in the laboratory’s routine activities.
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Research ethics: The study complied with all current regulations on the use and handling of animals in research. The university’s ethics committee approval number is 2304150818/2018.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: Manuela Fernandes da Silva Melo, Jéssica da Costa Mota, Nathalia da Silva Costa, and Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto were responsible for the conception, drafting, interpretation of data, design, and revision of the article, contributing intellectual content of critical relevance to the described work. Jéssica da Costa Mota, Joana Ramos de Araujo, Patricia Pereira Almeida, Beatriz Oliveira Da Cruz, Michele Lima Brito, Renato de Souza Abboud, and Eduardo Moreira da Silva were responsible for the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. Ramon Silva Rocha, Adriano Gomes da Cruz, and Jonas Toledo Guimarães were responsible for the interpretation of data and revision of the article, contributing intellectual content of critical relevance to he described work.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: Figures were created using Canva and BioRender (BioRender.com).
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Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: This study was supported by [Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) [E−26/201.373/2021], Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) – Brazil [Code 001] and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) [2022/14824-4].
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Data availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Stockler-Pinto, MB, upon reasonable request.
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