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Uncovering the coronavirus outbreak: present understanding and future research paths

  • Jayati Roy ORCID logo , Arnab Banerjee ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Sandip Mukherjee ORCID logo and Bithin K. Maji ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 18, 2024
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
From the journal Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology Volume 35 Issue 4-5

Abstract

Introduction

The review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, the modes of transmission, and the long-term health consequences of COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of research and successful public health initiatives.

Content

COVID-19 taxonomy, pathophysiology, symptomatology, and epidemiological importance are the key objects of this research paper. This review explains how COVID-19 affects different systems of the body, including respiratory, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems of the human body. It describes the modes of entry of the virus into the cell; more precisely, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in viral entry. In addition, the present study analyzes the situation of COVID-19 in India regarding vaccine development and the transmission rate related to socioeconomic factors.

Summary

The manifestation of COVID-19 presents a lot of symptoms and post-acute problems, issues which are seriously impacting mental health and physical health as well. The present review summarizes current research into pathogenicity and the mode of virus transmission, together with immunological responses. Coupled with strong vaccination programs, public health initiatives should hold the key to fighting this pandemic.

Outlook

Long-term effects and the development of treatment methods will need further study, as ambiguities on COVID-19 remain. Multidisciplinary collaboration across healthcare sectors in this respect is of paramount importance for the prevention of further spread and protection of public health.

Keywords: COVID-19; pathophysiology; transmission; vaccine development; long-term effects; public health
Corresponding authors: Arnab Banerjee, PhD and Bithin K. Maji, PhD, Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201, West Bengal, India, E-mail: (A. Banerjee), (B. K. Maji)
Jayati Roy and Arnab Banerjee contributed equally to this work.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College for administrative support. The graphical abstract, Figures 1–2, and 4–7 were prepared by BioRender.com.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions (for double-anonymized journals: please use initials): Each author has acknowledged their submission and taken responsibility for the whole material that has been submitted. In addition to drafting, revising, and editing the first draft, Jayati Roy was in the loop regarding validation and visualization. Arnab Banerjee assisted with the initial draft’s preparation, formal analysis, research, resources, software, supervision, validation, and visualization in addition to writing the original draft, reviewing it, and editing it. Sandip Mukherjee was responsible for validation, and visualization of the original draft. In addition to reviewing the original draft, and editing, Bithin Kumar Maji was involved in the following areas: validation, formal analysis, investigation, resources, software, supervision, and visualization.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: None declared.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-07-30
Accepted: 2024-08-26
Published Online: 2024-09-18

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0134
Keywords for this article
COVID-19; pathophysiology; transmission; vaccine development; long-term effects; public health

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorials
  3. Targeting Rho GTPase regulators in cancer: are we hitting the mark?
  4. The pitfalls of linear regression in physiological research
  5. Reviews
  6. Lipid profile and mortality in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism; a systematic review and meta-analysis
  7. IcoSema: unveiling the future of diabetes management from a clinical pharmacology perspective
  8. Deucravacitinib: moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis preventable?
  9. The key roles of thyroid hormone in mitochondrial regulation, at interface of human health and disease
  10. Uncovering the coronavirus outbreak: present understanding and future research paths
  11. Effects of thyroid hormones in skeletal muscle protein turnover
  12. Original Articles
  13. Effect of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese individuals
  14. Alcohol promotes liver fibrosis in high fat diet induced diabetic rats
  15. Association between aerobic performance and physiological responses in Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2, and the futsal-specific intermittent endurance test in trained futsal players
  16. Oral vs. injected: which vitamin D boost works best for low levels?
  17. Effects of an 8-week intervention of anulom vilom pranayama combined with heartfulness meditation on psychological stress, autonomic function, inflammatory biomarkers, and oxidative stress in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled trial
  18. Ureteral access sheaths in RIRS: a retrospective, comparative, single-center study
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