Anti-atherosclerotic activity of aqueous extract of Ipomoea batatas (L.) leaves in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis model rats
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Budi Arief Waskito
,
Djanggan Sargowo
Abstract
Objectives
Cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, are the leading cause of human mortality in Indonesia. Ipomoea batatas (L.) is a food plant used in Indonesian traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases and related conditions. We assessed the anti-atherosclerotic activity of the aqueous extract of I. batatas leaves in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and its mechanism.
Methods
The presence of amino acid content in the I. batatas L. purple variant was determined by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6/group), i.e., standard diet group (SD), high-fat diet group (HF), and HF plus I. batatas L. extracts orally (625; 1,250; or 2,500 mg/kg) groups. The numbers of macrophages and aortic wall thickness were analyzed histologically. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess foam cells-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the aorta.
Results
LC-HRMS analysis showed nine amino acid content were identified from I. batatas L. In vivo study revealed that oral administration of I. batatas L. leaf extract alleviated foam cells-oxLDL formation and aortic wall thickness caused by high-fat diet atherosclerosis rats. Further, I. batatas L. leaf extract promoted the number of macrophages and modulated VEGF and eNOS expression in the aorta.
Conclusions
I. batatas L. leaf extract shows a positive anti-atherosclerosis effect. Furthermore, the mechanism may promote the macrophages, eNOS, VEGF expressions, and inhibition of foam cells-oxLDL formation and aortic wall thickness with the best dosage at 2,500 mg/kg. This could represent a novel approach to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Acknowledgments
The authors were grateful to the Wijaya Kusuma University and Brawijaya University that provided technical support for this study’s development and implementation.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Ethical approval: This research was conducted following the internationally accepted principles for laboratory animal use, and care was approved by Ethical Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University with approval Number 237/EC/KPEK-S3/09/2019.
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© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Breaking the mold: revolutionary new obesity drugs set to transform treatment landscape?
- Reviews
- The relationship between the history of PDE5-inhibitors assumption and melanoma: a systematic review
- Stem cell therapy in sports medicine: current applications, challenges and future perspectives
- Original Articles
- Modulatory action of Moringa oleifera Lam. on L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis
- Isotonic saline causes greater volume overload than electrolyte-free irrigating fluids
- Anti-atherosclerotic activity of aqueous extract of Ipomoea batatas (L.) leaves in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis model rats
- Efficacy of Habb-e-Asab in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a randomized placebo control study
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase controls purinergic receptor-mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury in renal tubular epithelial cells
- Effect of habitual breakfast skipping on information processing capacity, cortical response, and cognitive flexibility among medical collegiate – a cross-sectional study
- Association of neck circumference and waist-hip ratio with total leukocyte count in healthy Indian adolescents
- 3-Day food record: efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Development and user acceptability testing of healthy heart mobile application – a tool for cardiovascular risk modification among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Effectiveness of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation on the range of motion in patients with Parkinson’s disease
- Intra-operative drug level monitoring of pre-operative antibiotic for surgical prophylaxis in the patients of elective spinal surgery
- Case Report
- The black swan: a case of central nervous system graft-versus-host disease
