Tamarindus indica. Linn leaves ameliorates experimental induced heart failure in Wistar rats
-
Hajira Banu Haroon
,
Nausheen Ahmed
Abstract
Objectives
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are highly prevalent in various countries, and heart failure accounts for the majority of deaths. The present study focuses on determining the protective effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Tamarindus indica (TIEE) by in vitro and in vivo methods.
Methods
In vitro cardiotonic activity was determined using Langendorff’s heart perfusion assembly. In vivo studies were performed using Doxorubicin (1.5 mg/kg, i.p for seven days) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. These animals were simultaneously treated with the TIEE at a low dose (200 mg/kg, p.o), high dose (400 mg/kg, p.o) and standard drug Digoxin (100 μg/kg, p.o) for seven days. At the end of the study, various parameters like electrocardiogram (ECG) recording, serum levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), and presence of cardiac troponin (cTnI) were determined. Isolated hearts were subjected to histopathological studies.
Results
The TIEE at a concentration of 60 μg/mL showed a significant cardiotonic effect in vitro that was evident by increased force of contraction, heart rate, and cardiac output. In vivo studies revealed that the TIEE decreased the prolongation of QT and RR interval of ECG, lowered the serum enzyme levels like LDH, CPK indicating cardiac protection, and the same was established by the absence of cTnI in blood. Histopathological examinations of heart tissue sections showed improved architecture in the treatment groups when compared with diseased groups.
Conclusions
The study revealed the cardioprotective activity of T. indica leaf extract by both in vitro and in vivo methods.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dean, Faculty of Pharmacy and Dr. J Anbu, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences for the supporting this research work. We are grateful to Mrs. Gouri Nair for her suggestions all along the preparation of Manuscript.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Informed consent: NA.
-
Ethical approval: Approval for the conduction of animal experiments was obtained from the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee and the approval number is XIX/MSRFPH/GP-08(b)/07.11.2017.
References
1. Zdrenghea, D, Guşetu, G, Zdrenghea, M, Cismaru, G, Caloian, B, Vaidean, G, et al.. CV RISK – a new relative cardiovascular risk score. Med Hypotheses 2019;132:109362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109362.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
2. Inamdar, A, Inamdar, A. Heart failure: diagnosis, management and utilization. J Clin Med 2016;5:62. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm5070062.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
3. Agarwal, A, Davies, D, Goenka, S, Prabhakaran, D, Huffman, MD, Mohanan, PP. Facilitators and barriers of heart failure care in Kerala, India: a qualitative analysis of health-care providers and administrators. Indian Heart J 2019;71:235–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2019.04.009.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
4. Cesar, J, Arranz, E, Rafael, J, Amado, R, Morris, HJ. Chemical constituents of Tamarindus indica L. leaves. Rev Cubana Quím 2010;XXII:65–71.Search in Google Scholar
5. Kuru, P. Tamarindus indica and its health related effects. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014;4:676–81. https://doi.org/10.12980/apjtb.4.2014apjtb-2014-0173.Search in Google Scholar
6. Pimple, B, Kadam, P, Badgujar, N, Bafna, A, Patil, M. Protective effect of Tamarindus indica Linn against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Indian J Pharmaceut Sci 2007;69:827–31.10.4103/0250-474X.39445Search in Google Scholar
7. Pereira Paes Menezes, A, Cristina Cerini Trevisan, S, Maria Barbalho, S, Landgraf Guiguer, E. Tamarindus indica L. A plant with multiple medicinal purposes. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2016;5:50–4.Search in Google Scholar
8. Wagner, H, Bladt, S. Plant drug analysis. In: Plant drug analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 1996:1–2 pp.10.1007/978-3-642-00574-9Search in Google Scholar
9. Bolliger, HR, Brenner, M, Gänshirt, H, Mangold, HK, Seiler, H, Stahl, E, et al.. Thin-layer chromatography. In: Thin-layer chromatography. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 1965:1–4 pp.10.1007/978-3-662-01031-0Search in Google Scholar
10. OECD. Test No. 423: acute oral toxicity – acute toxic class method. Oecd Guidel Test Chem [Internet]. Available from: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/test-no-423-acute-oral-toxicity-acute-toxic-class-method_9789264071001-en [Accessed 1 Jul 2020].Search in Google Scholar
11. Cota, D, Rasal, V, Mishra, S, Shegule, S. Cardioprotective effect of oregano oil against doxorubicin-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Phcog Mag 2018;14:363.10.4103/pm.pm_70_18Search in Google Scholar
12. Azamthulla, M, Jayaraman, A, Murali, A, Reddy, N. Cardiotonic activity of Calotropis gigantea leaf extract against doxorubicin induced congestive cardiac failure in rats. Int J Pharmacol Res 2018;10. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2018.10.03.034.Search in Google Scholar
13. Ambrosy, AP, Fonarow, GC, Butler, J, Chioncel, O, Greene, SJ, Vaduganathan, M, et al.. The global health and economic burden of hospitalizations for heart failure: lessons learned from hospitalized heart failure registries. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:1123–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.053.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Franconi, F, Campesi, I, Colombo, D, Antonini, P. Sex-gender variable: methodological recommendations for increasing scientific value of clinical studies. Cells 2019;8:476. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8050476.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
15. Octavia, Y, Tocchetti, CG, Gabrielson, KL, Janssens, S, Crijns, HJ, Moens, AL. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012;52:1213–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.03.006.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Warpe, VS, Mali, VR, Arulmozhi, S, Bodhankar, SL, Mahadik, KR. Cardioprotective effect of ellagic acid on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in wistar rats. J Acute Med 2015;5:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacme.2015.02.003.Search in Google Scholar
17. Menon, S, Lawrence, L, Sivaram, VP, Padikkala, J. Oroxylum indicum root bark extract prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage by restoring redox balance. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2019;10:159–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2017.06.007.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
18. Hammarsten, O, Mair, J, Möckel, M, Lindahl, B, Jaffe, AS. Possible mechanisms behind cardiac troponin elevations. Biomarkers 2018;23:725–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750x.2018.1490969.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- An insight on safety, efficacy, and molecular docking study reports of N-acetylcysteine and its compound formulations
- Public health approach of Unani medicine to cope and stay safe in hot environmental conditions
- Original Articles
- Kinetic characterization of rat brain acetylcholinesterase modulated by lead and cartap: the ameliorative effect of Citrus limon fruit juice
- Attenuation of potassium dichromate and sodium arsenite toxicities by methanol extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria in mice
- Chronic exposure of industrial grade calcium carbide and ethylene glycol alter histological architecture of systemic organs by disrupting redox balance in rat
- Biochemical and histopathological effects of low dose vanadium in the healing of acetic acid-induced colitis in male wistar rats
- Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress
- Cocos nucifera L. oil alleviates lead acetate-induced reproductive toxicity in sexually-matured male Wistar rats
- Intracellular signaling molecules of nerve tissue progenitors as pharmacological targets for treatment of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration
- Glatiramer acetate treatment inhibits inflammatory responses and improves survival in a mice model of cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
- Ciprofloxacin-induced cutaneous adverse drug events: a systematic review of descriptive studies
- Aqueous extract of Adansonia digitata prevents Cadmium Chloride-induced testicular damage in Wistar Rats
- Exposure to prolonged unpredictable light impairs spatial memory via induction of oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rats
- Tamarindus indica. Linn leaves ameliorates experimental induced heart failure in Wistar rats
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- An insight on safety, efficacy, and molecular docking study reports of N-acetylcysteine and its compound formulations
- Public health approach of Unani medicine to cope and stay safe in hot environmental conditions
- Original Articles
- Kinetic characterization of rat brain acetylcholinesterase modulated by lead and cartap: the ameliorative effect of Citrus limon fruit juice
- Attenuation of potassium dichromate and sodium arsenite toxicities by methanol extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria in mice
- Chronic exposure of industrial grade calcium carbide and ethylene glycol alter histological architecture of systemic organs by disrupting redox balance in rat
- Biochemical and histopathological effects of low dose vanadium in the healing of acetic acid-induced colitis in male wistar rats
- Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress
- Cocos nucifera L. oil alleviates lead acetate-induced reproductive toxicity in sexually-matured male Wistar rats
- Intracellular signaling molecules of nerve tissue progenitors as pharmacological targets for treatment of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration
- Glatiramer acetate treatment inhibits inflammatory responses and improves survival in a mice model of cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
- Ciprofloxacin-induced cutaneous adverse drug events: a systematic review of descriptive studies
- Aqueous extract of Adansonia digitata prevents Cadmium Chloride-induced testicular damage in Wistar Rats
- Exposure to prolonged unpredictable light impairs spatial memory via induction of oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rats
- Tamarindus indica. Linn leaves ameliorates experimental induced heart failure in Wistar rats
