Pharmacological evaluation of the analgesic and anxiolytic activities of Jobelyn® in mice
-
Solomon Umukoro
,
Anthony T. Eduviere
Abstract
Background: This study presents the results of the pharmacological evaluation of the analgesic and anxiolytic potentials of Jobelyn®, a potent antioxidant African herbal formulation, in mice. The analgesic effect was assessed utilizing acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion and formalin-induced paw licking pain models. The anxiolytic activity was evaluated using elevated-plus maze (EPM) and light/dark box.
Methods: Mice (5/group) were treated with JB (10–200 mg/kg, p.o.) 1 h before the tests were carried out. In the writhing test, the number of abdominal constrictions was recorded for a period of 30 min after induction of nociception with 0.6% acetic acid, i.p. In the tail immersion test, the latency to tail withdrawal responses to noxious heat was measured. The duration of paw licking (s) was measured as an index of nociception in the formalin test. In the anxiolytic test, the patterns of transition in the two arms of the EPM and in the light/dark box were assessed.
Results: JB (10–200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited the inflammatory pain produced by acetic acid as evidenced by decreased number of abdominal constrictions in comparison with the control. It also shows higher potency in suppressing the inflammatory pain associated with the second phase of the formalin test. However, JB did not exhibit anxiolytic properties nor modify the pain behavior in the tail immersion test.
Conclusions: The results obtained from this study suggest that Jobelyn® might be efficacious against inflammatory pain and further support its recommendation for the management of pain with inflammation as the underlying factor.
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. A.O. Aderibigbe and the technical staff of the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria for their support and assistance.
Conflict of interest statement
Authors’ conflict of interest disclosure: The authors stated that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
References
1. Chapman CR, Tuner JA. Psychologic and psychosocial aspects of acute pain. In: Bonica JJ, editor. Management of pain. Philadephia: Lea and Ferbiger, 1990:122–32.Search in Google Scholar
2. Rainville P. Brain mechanisms of pain affect and pain modulation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2003;12:195–204.10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00313-6Search in Google Scholar
3. Beesdo K, Jacobi F, Hoyer J, Low NC, Höfler M, Wittchen H. Pain associated with specific anxiety and depressive disorders in a nationally representative population sample. Soc Psychiat Psychiat Epidemiol 2009;45:89–104.10.1007/s00127-009-0045-1Search in Google Scholar PubMed
4. Julius D. The molecular biology of thermosensation. In: Dostrovsky JO, Carr DB, Koltzenburg LC, editors. Proceedings of the 10th World congress on pain. New York: IASP Press Seattle, 2003:63–70.Search in Google Scholar
5. Keefe FJ, Lumley M, Anderson T, Lynch T, Carson KL. Pain and emotion: new research directions. J Clin Psychol 2001;57: 587–607.10.1002/jclp.1030Search in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Beecher HK. Anxiety and pain. J Am Med Assoc 1969;209:1080.10.1001/jama.1969.03160200044014Search in Google Scholar
7. Griffin RS, Woolf CJ. Pharmacology of analgesia. In: Golan DE, Tashjian AH, Armstrong EJ, Armstrong AW, editors. Principles of pharmacology: the pathophysiologic basis of drug therapy. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008:263–82.Search in Google Scholar
8. Mahendra P, Bisht S. Anti-anxiety activity of Coriandrum sativum assessed using different experimental anxiety models. Indian J Pharmacol 2011;43:574–7.10.4103/0253-7613.84975Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
9. Vandebroek I, Calewaert J, Dejonckheere S, Sanca S, Semo L, Damme PV, et al. Use of medicinal plants and pharmaceuticals by indigenous communities in the Bolivain Andes and Amazon. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2004;82:243–50.Search in Google Scholar
10. Erah PO, Asonye CC, Okhamafe AO. Response of Trypanosoma brucei brucei–induced anaemia to a commercial herbal preparation. Afr J Biotechnol 2003;2:307–11.10.5897/AJB2003.000-1063Search in Google Scholar
11. Okochi VI, Okpuzor J, Okubena MO, Awoyemi AK. The influence of African Herbal Formula on the haematological parameters of trypanosome infected rats. Afr J Biotechnol 2003;2:312–6.10.5897/AJB2003.000-1064Search in Google Scholar
12. Awika JM, Rooney LW. Sorghum phytochemicals and their potential impact on human health. Phytochemistry 2004;65:1199–221.10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.04.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Heo HJ, Kim M, Lee J, Choi S, Cho H, Hong B, et al. Naringenin from Citrus junos has an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and a mitigating effect on amnesia. Dement Geratric Cogn Disord 2004;17:151–7.10.1159/000076349Search in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Liu R, Gao M, Qiang GF, Zhang TT, Lan X, Ying J, et al. The anti-amnesic effects of luteolin against amyloid β25–35 peptide-induced toxicity in mice involve the protection of neurovascular unit. Neuroscience 2009;162:1232–43.10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.05.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed
15. Umukoro S, Ugbomah A, Aderibigbe AO, Omogbiya AI. Antioxidant property of Jobelyn as the possible mechanism underlying its anti-amnesic effect in rodents. Basic Clin Neuros 2013;4:42–9.Search in Google Scholar
16. Koster R, Anderson M, Debeer EJ. Acetic acid analgesic screening. Fed Proc 1959;18:418–20.Search in Google Scholar
17. Hunkaar S, Hole K. The formalin test in mice: dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain. Pain 1987;30:103–14.10.1016/0304-3959(87)90088-1Search in Google Scholar
18. Janssen PA, Niemegeers CJ, Dony JG. The inhibitory effect of fentanyl and morphine like analgesics on the warm water-induced tail withdrawal reflex in rats. Arzneim.-Forsch 1963;13:502.Search in Google Scholar
19. Pellow S, Chopin P, File SE, Briely B. Validation of open-closed arm entries in elevated plus maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. J Neurosci Methods 1985;14:149–67.10.1016/0165-0270(85)90031-7Search in Google Scholar
20. Braun AA, Skelton MR, Vorhees CV, Williams MI. Comparison of the elevated plus and elevated zero mazes in treated and untreated male Sprague-Dawley rats: effects of anxiolytic and anxiogenic agents. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011;97: 406–15.10.1016/j.pbb.2010.09.013Search in Google Scholar
21. Crawley JN. Neuropharmacologic specificity of a simple animal model for the behavioral actions of benzodiazepines. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1981;15:695–9.10.1016/0091-3057(81)90007-1Search in Google Scholar
22. Crawley J, Goodwin FK. Preliminary report of a simple animal behavior model for the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1980;13:167–70.10.1016/0091-3057(80)90067-2Search in Google Scholar
23. Deraedt R, Jouquey S, Delevallee R, Flahaut M. Release of prostaglandins E and F in an algogenic reaction and its inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 1980;61:17–24.10.1016/0014-2999(80)90377-5Search in Google Scholar
24. Dray A. Inflammatory mediators of pain. Br J Anaesthesia 1995;75:125–31.10.1093/bja/75.2.125Search in Google Scholar
25. Williams TJ, Morley J. Prostaglandins as potentiators of increased vascular permeability in inflammation. Nature 1973;246:215–7.10.1038/246215a0Search in Google Scholar
26. Choi S, Lee J, Suh H. Antinociceptive profiles of aspirin and acetaminophen in formalin, substance P and glutamate pain models. Brain Res 2001;921:233–9.10.1016/S0006-8993(01)03126-2Search in Google Scholar
27. Tjolsen A, Berge O, Hunskaar S, Rosland JH, Hole K. The formalin test: an evaluation of the method. Pain 1992;51:5–17.10.1016/0304-3959(92)90003-TSearch in Google Scholar
28. Le Bars D, Gozariu M, Cadden SW. Animal models of nociception. Pharmacol Rev 2001;53:597–652.Search in Google Scholar
29. Gibson SJ, Helme RD. Cognitive factors and the experience of pain and sufferings in older persons. Pain 2000;85:375–83.10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00284-5Search in Google Scholar
30. Fields HL. Neural mechanisms of opiate analgesia. Adv Pain Res Ther 1985;9:479–86.Search in Google Scholar
31. Vidal C, Jacob J. Hyperalgesia induced by emotional stress in the rat: an experimental animal model of human anxiogenic hyperalgesia. Ann NY Acad Sci 1986;467:73–81.10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb14619.xSearch in Google Scholar
32. Ploghaus A, Narain A, Beckmann CF, Clare S, Bantick S, Wise R, et al. Exacerbation of pain by anxiety is associated with activity in a hippocampal network. J Neurosci. 2001;21:9896–903.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-24-09896.2001Search in Google Scholar
33. Bourin M, Petit-Demouliere B, Donnchadha BN, Hascoet M. Animal models of anxiety in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2007;21:567–71.10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00526.xSearch in Google Scholar
34. Bourin M, Hascoet M. The mouse light/dark box test. Eur J Pharmacol 2003;463:55–65.10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01274-3Search in Google Scholar
35. Yi LT, Li CF, Zhan X, Cui CC, Xiao F, Zhou LP, et al. Involvement of monoaminergic system in the antidepressant- like effect of the flavonoid naringenin in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010;34:1223–8.10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.024Search in Google Scholar PubMed
36. Kaulaskar S, Bhutada P, Rahigude A, Jain D, Harle U. Effects of naringenin on allodynia and hyperalgesia in rats with chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain. J Chinese Integrative Medicine 2012;10:1482–9.10.3736/jcim20121223Search in Google Scholar PubMed
37. Pinheiro MM, Boylan F, Fernandes PD. Antinociceptive effect of the Orbignya speciosa Mart. (Babassu) leaves: evidence for the involvement of apigenin. Life Sci 2012;91:293–300.10.1016/j.lfs.2012.06.013Search in Google Scholar PubMed
©2014 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Get more of the Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
- Review
- Review on treatment of premenstrual syndrome: from conventional to alternative approach
- Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity
- Sodium valproate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the colon of mice
- Vascular Conditions
- PKC-δ isozyme gene silencing restores vascular function in diabetic rats
- Association of diet and anthropometric measures as cardiovascular modifiable risk factors in young adults
- Assessment of raloxifene, estradiol-17β, dl-ormeloxifene and levormeloxifene on thrombin activity
- Inflammation
- Antibacterial activity of the body wall extracts of sea cucumber (Invertebrata; Echinodermata) on infectious oral streptococci
- Chronic ethanol use in alcoholic beverages by HIV-infected patients affects the therapeutic window of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine during the 9-month follow-up period: using chronic alcohol-use biomarkers
- Preclinical efficacy of melatonin in the amelioration of tenofovir nephrotoxicity by the attenuation of oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and inflammation in rats
- Infection
- Antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effect of pecan (Carya illinoensis) nut shell extract in mice: a possible beneficial use for a by-product of the nut industry
- Phytotherapy
- Toxicological evaluation of the lyophilized fruit juice extract of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) in rodents
- Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Ixora coccinea
- Antidepressant, anxiolytic, and anticataleptic effects of aqueous leaf extract of Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. (Moraceae) in mice: possible mechanisms of actions
- Pharmacological evaluation of the analgesic and anxiolytic activities of Jobelyn® in mice
- Abortifacient potential of ethanolic seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella in female albino rats
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Get more of the Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
- Review
- Review on treatment of premenstrual syndrome: from conventional to alternative approach
- Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity
- Sodium valproate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the colon of mice
- Vascular Conditions
- PKC-δ isozyme gene silencing restores vascular function in diabetic rats
- Association of diet and anthropometric measures as cardiovascular modifiable risk factors in young adults
- Assessment of raloxifene, estradiol-17β, dl-ormeloxifene and levormeloxifene on thrombin activity
- Inflammation
- Antibacterial activity of the body wall extracts of sea cucumber (Invertebrata; Echinodermata) on infectious oral streptococci
- Chronic ethanol use in alcoholic beverages by HIV-infected patients affects the therapeutic window of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine during the 9-month follow-up period: using chronic alcohol-use biomarkers
- Preclinical efficacy of melatonin in the amelioration of tenofovir nephrotoxicity by the attenuation of oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and inflammation in rats
- Infection
- Antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effect of pecan (Carya illinoensis) nut shell extract in mice: a possible beneficial use for a by-product of the nut industry
- Phytotherapy
- Toxicological evaluation of the lyophilized fruit juice extract of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) in rodents
- Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Ixora coccinea
- Antidepressant, anxiolytic, and anticataleptic effects of aqueous leaf extract of Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. (Moraceae) in mice: possible mechanisms of actions
- Pharmacological evaluation of the analgesic and anxiolytic activities of Jobelyn® in mice
- Abortifacient potential of ethanolic seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella in female albino rats
