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Field Evaluation of High Voltage Electron Beam Technology for Treating VOC-Contaminated Groundwater. Part II: Acute Toxicity Changes and By-Product Formation

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Published/Copyright: January 26, 2017
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Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies
From the journal Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies Volume 3 Issue 1

Abstract

As part of the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency evaluated the High Voltage jEnvironmental Applications, Inc. (HVEA), electron beam (E-beam) technology at the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, South Carolina. This technology irradiates water with a beam of high-energy electrons, causing the formation of three primary transient reactive species: aqueous electrons, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen radicals. Target organic compounds are either mineralized or broken down into low molecular weight organic compounds, primarily by these species. The E-beam system used for the evaluation is housed in an 8- by 48-foot trailer and is rated for a maximum flow rate of 50 gpm. During two different periods totaling 3 weeks in September and November 1994, about 70,000 gallons of SRS M-area groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was treated with the E-beam system. E-beam treatment increased groundwater acute toxicity for fathead minnows but not for water fleas. Although several VOCs were removed, lack of decrease in toxicity appears to be due to formation of toxic by-products, including haloacetic acids and aldehydes, during E-beam treatment of groundwater. An increase in inorganic carbon and chloride concentrations was observed, in the treated groundwater indicating that some VOCs were mineralized during E-beam treatment. Formation of CO2, CO, phosgene, O3, and N2O was observed in the internal cooling air system. As a result of the evaluation, several improvements were made in the influent delivery system and in cooling air recirculation within the HVEA E-beam system.

Received: 1997-6-5
Accepted: 1997-9-27
Published Online: 2017-1-26
Published in Print: 1998-1-1

© 2017 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. Contents
  3. Preface
  4. Editorial
  5. Research Articles
  6. Formation and Degradation of Halogenated Organic Acids. Radiation versus Photocatalytically Induced Processes
  7. Environmental Radiolysis for Soil and Sediment Treatment: A Review of Chemistry, Design, and Economic Issues
  8. Radiolytic Reduction and Oxidation of Diethyl benzylphosphonate: A Pulse Radiolysis Study
  9. The Elimination of Methane Phosphonic Acid, Dimethyl Ester (DMMP) from Aqueous Solution Using 60Co-y and Electron Beam Induced Radiolysis: A Model Compound for Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Ε-Beam Process in the Destruction of Organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents
  10. Decontamination of Soil Contaminated with Aroclor 1260 Using a Solvent Extraction Process and γ-Ray Radiolysis
  11. Gamma-Ray Destruction of EDTA Catalyzed by Titania
  12. Gamma-Ray-Induced Destruction of Nitrilotriacetic Acid in a Simulated, Mixed Nuclear Waste: Radiolytic and Chemical Forces
  13. Decomposition of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air by Electron Beam and Gamma Ray Irradiation
  14. Electron Beam Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Air-stripped from Polluted Ground Water: a Laboratory and Field Study
  15. Field Evaluation of High Voltage Electron Beam Technology for Treating VOC-Contaminated Groundwater. Part I: VOC Removals and Treatment Costs
  16. Field Evaluation of High Voltage Electron Beam Technology for Treating VOC-Contaminated Groundwater. Part II: Acute Toxicity Changes and By-Product Formation
  17. Decolorization of Simulated Dye Wastewater by High Energy Electron Beam Irradiation with Fe(II) Addition
https://doi.org/10.1515/jaots-1998-0114

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. Contents
  3. Preface
  4. Editorial
  5. Research Articles
  6. Formation and Degradation of Halogenated Organic Acids. Radiation versus Photocatalytically Induced Processes
  7. Environmental Radiolysis for Soil and Sediment Treatment: A Review of Chemistry, Design, and Economic Issues
  8. Radiolytic Reduction and Oxidation of Diethyl benzylphosphonate: A Pulse Radiolysis Study
  9. The Elimination of Methane Phosphonic Acid, Dimethyl Ester (DMMP) from Aqueous Solution Using 60Co-y and Electron Beam Induced Radiolysis: A Model Compound for Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Ε-Beam Process in the Destruction of Organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents
  10. Decontamination of Soil Contaminated with Aroclor 1260 Using a Solvent Extraction Process and γ-Ray Radiolysis
  11. Gamma-Ray Destruction of EDTA Catalyzed by Titania
  12. Gamma-Ray-Induced Destruction of Nitrilotriacetic Acid in a Simulated, Mixed Nuclear Waste: Radiolytic and Chemical Forces
  13. Decomposition of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air by Electron Beam and Gamma Ray Irradiation
  14. Electron Beam Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Air-stripped from Polluted Ground Water: a Laboratory and Field Study
  15. Field Evaluation of High Voltage Electron Beam Technology for Treating VOC-Contaminated Groundwater. Part I: VOC Removals and Treatment Costs
  16. Field Evaluation of High Voltage Electron Beam Technology for Treating VOC-Contaminated Groundwater. Part II: Acute Toxicity Changes and By-Product Formation
  17. Decolorization of Simulated Dye Wastewater by High Energy Electron Beam Irradiation with Fe(II) Addition
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