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The Birth of the Prison: The Functions of Imprisonment in Early Mesopotamia

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Published/Copyright: February 20, 2018
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Abstract

While the terms prison and prisoner are frequently used in translations and studies based on the texts from early Mesopotamia (ca. 3200–1595 B.C., according to Middle Chronology), [1] the contextual evidence relating to these terms has not been assembled and organized to determine the nature of the so-called prisons of the period, together with any points of continuity and discontinuity with the modern terminology. When done, it may be concluded that prisons in early Mesopotamia do not share a one-to-one correspondence with the various manifestations of prisons in the modern Western world. Although prisons in early Mesopotamia functioned in broader ways than modern examples, I argue that significant functional overlap also exists. These similarities directly relate to theoretical and definitional criteria employed in historical discussions about prisons, demonstrating that the Mesopotamian evidence belongs in a world history of prisons.

Acknowledgements

Much of the research for this article was performed while I was a Visiting Research Scholar at the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, New York University, where I also gave a public lecture entitled “Mesopotamian Prison Blues” on an earlier version of some of this material. I benefitted greatly from the generosity and intellectual community provided at ISAW. More recently, I presented a lecture on this material in the “Topics in Ancient Near Eastern Studies and Egyptology” seminar at the Oriental Institute, University of Oxford. I have also benefitted greatly from the input and advice provided by Jacob L. Dahl, Daniel Fleming, Bertrand Lafont, and the reviewers of this article. I also wish to thank Steven J. Garfinkle for shepherding this article to publication. My work has been greatly improved by his excellent editorial and scholarly input. Nevertheless, I am responsible for its content and any errors that remain. Finally, I wish to thank my current institution for providing me with the support and time to work on projects such as this one.

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