Are Certified Supply Chains More Socially Sustainable? A Bargaining Power Analysis
-
Paul Muller
,
Marion Drut
Abstract
Food quality schemes (FQS: organic and geographical indication products) are often supposed to be more sustainable by their political advocates. We explore the social sustainability advantage of FQS through the lens of supply chains’ bargaining power (BP) distribution. We propose an indicator synthesizing different sources underlying BP (competition-based, transactional, institutional) and counting two dimensions (fair BP distribution and adaptation capacity), that we apply to 18 FQS supply chains and corresponding reference. FQS perform better than their reference products on both dimensions. This better performance is due to a combination of sources.
Funding source: This paper is a research output of the Strength2Food project which was funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
Award Identifier / Grant number: 678024
This paper is a research output of the Strength2Food project which was funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant Agreement No. 678024. We sincerely acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for their comments that greatly helped in improving the quality of the manuscript.
Annex 1 List of supply chains (FQS and references) and key data sources
| Sector | FQS product | Type of FQS | Country | Main data sources for the FQS | Reference product | Main data sources for the reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cereal/bakery | Camargue rice | Organic | France | Key informant (PGI consortium) | Non-organic rice (mostly PGI) | Key informant (PGI consortium) |
| Thung Kula Rong-Hai (TKR) Hom Mali rice | PGI | Thailand | Key informant, Napasintuwong (2019) | National average | Key informants, Rice Mills Association | |
| Organic flour | Organic | France | Avise and Agence Bio websites | National average | Agence Nationale de la Meunerie Française website | |
| Organic pasta | Organic | Poland | Key informant (producer) | National average | Key informant | |
| Dairy | Comte cheese | PDO | France | Key informant (PDO consortium) | National average (cow cheese) | France Agrimer (2010, 2011) |
| Parmigiano Reggiano cheese | PDO | Italy | Key informant, PDO consortium | Biraghi cheese (similar non-PDO cheese) | Key informant, ISTAT | |
| Organic yoghurt | Organic | Germany | AMI (2017) | National average | MIV, Fakten Milch Sept-2017 | |
| Meat | Gyulai sausage | PGI | Hungary | PGI producers | National average | Key informant (Hungarian meat Industry Federation), non PGI producers |
| Organic pork | Organic | Germany | Key informant (Naturland), EcoZept | National average | EcoZept | |
| Sobrasada of Mallorca | PGI | Spain | Key informant | National average | Key informant | |
| Ternasco de Aragon | PGI | Spain | PGI consortium manager | Non-PGI lamb in the same region (Aragon) | Key informant, Sierra (2016) | |
| Seafood | Saint-Michel Bay bouchot mussels | PDO | France | Key informant (PDO consortium) | National average (TSG Bouchot mussels) | Oyster general survey |
| Phu Quoc Fish Sauce | PDO | Vietnam | Key informants (local expert and PDO consortium) | Non-PDO fish sauce from same region | Key informants (local expert and PDO consortium) | |
| Fruit/vegetable | Buon ma Thuot coffee | PGI | Vietnam | Key informant | Non-PGI coffee from Dak Lak province in Vietnam | Key informant |
| Kalocsai paprika powder | PDO | Hungary | Key informants (PDO consortium) | Imported pepper milled in Hungary | Key informants (PDO consortium) | |
| Kastoria apple | PGI | Greece | Key informant | Kissavos apples (non-GI apples from another region) | Key informant | |
| Organic raspberries | Organic | Serbia | Organic farms registry | National average | Official farm registry | |
| Organic tomato from Emilia Romagna | Organic | Italy | Key informant, OI Pomodoro da Industria del Nord Italia | National average | Key informant, OI Pomodoro da Industria del Nord Italia |
Annex 2 Average bargaining power distribution and bargaining power of the weakest level values for each FQS and corresponding reference supply chains: mean values (standard deviation) after 10,000 runs
| Sector | Case studied | Bargaining power distribution | BP of weakest level | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FQS | Reference | Most performant SC (1% significance level) | FQS | Reference | Most performant SC (1% significance level) | ||
| Average (std. dev.) | Average (std. dev.) | Average (std. dev.) | Average (std. dev.) | ||||
| Cereal / bakery | Camargue Rice | 0.011 (0.012) | 0.014 (0.015) | FQS | 0.281 (0.030) | 0.277 (0.034) | FQS |
| TKR Hom Mali Rice | 0.007 (0.011) | 0.000 (0.000) | Reference | 0.697 (0.080) | 0.215 (0.085) | FQS | |
| Organic Flour | 0.022 (0.019) | 0.020 (0.018) | Reference | 0.249 (0.040) | 0.255 (0.039) | Reference | |
| Organic pasta | 0.032 (0.048) | 0.372 (0.191) | FQS | 0.391 (0.086) | 0.095 (0.035) | FQS | |
| Dairy | Comté cheese | 0.026 (0.023) | 0.155 (0.144) | FQS | 0.583 (0.114) | 0.331 (0.131) | FQS |
| Parmiggiano Reggiano cheese | 0.002 (0.005) | 0.047 (0.068) | FQS | 0.646 (0.111) | 0.337 (0.069) | FQS | |
| Organic yoghourt | 0.013 (0.024) | 0.115 (0.128) | FQS | 0.455 (0.096) | 0.189 (0.082) | FQS | |
| Meat | Gyulai sausage | 0.466 (0.222) | 0.294 (0.246) | Reference | 0.144 (0.083) | 0.144 (0.082) | FQS |
| Organic pork | 0.018 (0.027) | 0.037 (0.046) | FQS | 0.466 (0.090) | 0.352 (0.083) | FQS | |
| Sobrasada de Porc Negre | 0.017 (0.029) | 0.071 (0.097) | FQS | 0.541 (0.107) | 0.364 (0.099) | FQS | |
| Ternasco de Aragon | 0.019 (0.023) | 0.200 (0.235) | FQS | 0.800 (0.113) | 0.227 (0.121) | FQS | |
| Seafood | Saint Michel Bay bouchot Mussels | 0 (0) | 0.009 (0.010) | FQS | 0.546 (0.092) | 0.499 (0.092) | FQS |
| Phu Quoc Fish Sauce | 0.030 (0.026) | 0.103 (0.082) | FQS | 0.405 (0.098) | 0.262 (0.083) | FQS | |
| Fruit / vegetable | Buon ma Thuot coffee | 0.025 (0.030) | 0.085 (0.124) | FQS | 0.246 (0.056) | 0.385 (0.089) | Reference |
| Kolocsai Paprika powder | 0.176 (0.106) | 0.019 (0.025) | Reference | 0.311 (0.089) | 0.285 (0.108) | FQS | |
| Kastoria apple | 0.041 (0.064) | 0.084 (0.093) | FQS | 0.470 (0.107) | 0.162 (0.063) | FQS | |
| Organic raspberries | 0.130 (0.089) | 0.369 (0.177) | FQS | 0.501 (0.126) | 0.200 (0.074) | FQS | |
| Organic tomato from Emilia Romagna | 0.092 (0.064) | 0.092 (0.064) | None | 0.451 (0.092) | 0.451 (0.092) | None | |
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Introduction and Overview of the Special Issue: Challenges to Assessing the Sustainability Performance of Food Quality Schemes
- Do Food Quality Schemes and Net Price Premiums Go Together?
- Economic Spill-Over of Food Quality Schemes on Their Territory
- The Carbon and Land Footprint of Certified Food Products
- Foodmiles: The Logistics of Food Chains Applied to Food Quality Schemes
- Water Footprint of Food Quality Schemes
- Organic and Geographical Indication Certifications’ Contributions to Employment and Education
- Are Certified Supply Chains More Socially Sustainable? A Bargaining Power Analysis
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Introduction and Overview of the Special Issue: Challenges to Assessing the Sustainability Performance of Food Quality Schemes
- Do Food Quality Schemes and Net Price Premiums Go Together?
- Economic Spill-Over of Food Quality Schemes on Their Territory
- The Carbon and Land Footprint of Certified Food Products
- Foodmiles: The Logistics of Food Chains Applied to Food Quality Schemes
- Water Footprint of Food Quality Schemes
- Organic and Geographical Indication Certifications’ Contributions to Employment and Education
- Are Certified Supply Chains More Socially Sustainable? A Bargaining Power Analysis
