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Delegation of Authority to Human Beings: A Late Safavid Theologian’s Account on the Legislative Meaning of Tafwīḍ
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Zakieh Azadani
Veröffentlicht/Copyright:
10. Oktober 2024
Abstract
In this article, I intend to examine an account of human free will suggested by one of the most prominent figures in religious institutions during the Safavid reign, which had a long-term effect on subsequent discussions on the subject. Muḥammad Bāqir Majlisī (1627–1699), a renowned theologian, muḥaddith, and jurist who played a significant role in shaping Shīʿism in Iran, emphasized human free will (ikhtiyār) in his various works. While he considers it a self-evident truth, Majlisī attempts to justify human agency in voluntary activities through his arguments. However, it appears that his emphasis on human free will is primarily aimed at demonstrating that individuals are legally bound. Due to the limitations of human intellect, Majlisī argues that humans cannot be considered competent to create the legal rules they must follow. Consequently, individuals are not authorized to determine their own obligations even though they are responsible for their actions. Thus, while Majlisī was determined to establish that humans possess free will, he believed that individuals were not allowed to exercise this freedom in the realm of social and political affairs.
Published Online: 2024-10-10
Published in Print: 2024-10-09
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Titelseiten
- Articles
- The Ark of the Covenant’s Spelling Controversy: A Historical Linguistic Perspective
- In Search of a Sinful Pun: A Granular Analysis of Q 2:58–59
- On the Sound of Qurʾān: Nasalization (ghunna) as Ornamentation and Accentuation in Recitation
- “Superiority is due to us, and the king should come from among us”: The Arab Conquests and Conflicts of the Early Umayyad Era in a 7th-Century Syriac Universal History of Yoḥannān bar Penkāyē
- The Time of the Chancery: Normative and Discretionary Dating in 7th–8th-century Arabic Epistolography
- Rayḥāna “The Mad”: Her Persona and Poetry
- Binding and Unbinding: The Knotted Serpents on the Lining of the So-called Mantle of Roger II (528/1133–4)
- Delegation of Authority to Human Beings: A Late Safavid Theologian’s Account on the Legislative Meaning of Tafwīḍ
- The Challenges of a Purchase by the Berlin Papyrus Collection in 1926
- Reviews
- Annotated Bibliography “Arabic Papyrology: Gender, Conversions, and Book Culture”
- Cyrille Aillet, L’archipel Ibāḍīte. Une histoire des marges du Maghreb médiéval, Lyon, CIHAM Éditions, 2022 (Mondes médiévaux). 592 p. ISBN: 978-2-9568426-4-4.
- Hassan Ansari und Sabine Schmidtke, Al-Šarīf al-Murtaḍā’s Oeuvre and Thought in Context. An Archaeological Inquiry into Texts and their Transmission. Part I: Study. Part II: Illustrations. Córdoba: UCO Press, Cordoba University Press, CNERU, Córdoba Near Eastern Research Unit, – IAS, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, 2022. 852 + 806 fig., Serie Arabo-Islamica, vol. 4. ISBN 978-84-9927-702-8.
- Eleazar Birnbaum, Arabic and Persian Manuscripts in the Birnbaum Collection, Toronto: A Brief Catalogue, Islamic Manuscripts and Books, vol. 18, Leiden: Brill, 2019, 226 pp., ISBN 978-90-04-38821-5.
- Olivier Bouquet, Vie et mort d’un grand vizir: Halil Hamid Pacha (1736–1785) – Biographie de l’Empire ottoman, Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2022, 633 pp., ISBN: 978-2-251-45243-2.
- Peter Jackson, From Genghis Khan to Tamerlane. The Reawakening of Mongol Asia, New Haven/London (Yale University Press) 2023. xxiv, 720 pp, mit sechs Karten und acht genealogischen Tafeln. Hardcover ISBN 978-300-25112-8.
- Michael Muhammad Knight, Muhammad’s Body: Baraka Networks and the Prophetic Assemblage, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2020, 214 pp., notes, bibl., index, ISBN: 978-1-4696-5891-9 (Paperback), 978-1-4696-5890-2 (Hardcover).
- Maryam Moazzen, The Formation of a Religious Landscape. Shiʿi Higher Learning in Safavid Iran, Leiden: Brill, 2017 (hb), xiii+290 pp., appendix, bibliography, index, ISBN: 9789004355293.
- Virginie Prevost, Les mosquées ibadites du Djebel Nafūsa. Architecture, histoire et religions du nord-ouest de la Libye (VIIIe–XIIIe siècle), Monograph 10, London: Society for Libyan Studies, 2016, 232 pp., ISBN 978 1 900971 41 6.
- Kristina Richardson, Roma in the Medieval Islamic World: Literacy, Culture, and Migration, London: I.B. Tauris, 2022, 239 + viii pages, index, illustrations; ISBN: 978-1-7845-3731-9.
- Nuryogdi Toshov, Po sledam dvortsovoi biblioteki: Rukopisnaya kul’tura v Khorezme pri Kongratakh, Wien: Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2023 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klasse: Sitzungsberichte, 928. Band; Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik, herausgegeben von Christine Noelle-Karimi und Florian Schwarz, Nr. 89; Studies and Texts on Central Asia, herausgegeben von Florian Schwarz, Band 4), 352 pp., ISBN 978-3-7001-8375-4.
- Jo van Steenbergen, ed., Trajectories of State Formation across Fifteenth-Century Islamic West-Asia: Eurasian Parallels, Connections and Divergences (Rulers & Elites: Comparative Studies in Governance, 18), Leiden: Brill, 2020, xii + 361 pp. incl. index, ISBN 978-90-04-43130-0.
- Jo Van Steenbergen and Maya Termonia, eds., New Readings in Arabic Historiography from Late Medieval Egypt and Syria: Proceedings of the Themed Day of the Fifth Conference of the School of Mamluk Studies, Brill, 2021, 507 pp., ISBN: 978-90-04-45890-1, ISBN: 978-90-04-44702-8.
