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Accessing forbidden phases

  • Yue Xing ORCID logo , Zheng Li EMAIL logo , Huai Yu Hou , Ying Liu and Jing Tao Wang EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: December 13, 2023
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International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 115 Issue 1

Abstract

Thanks to the development of quantum mechanics-based crystal structure prediction methods in the past decade, numerous new compounds with low temperature thermodynamic stability, mainly binary intermetallic compounds, have been predicted. Differing from conventional alloy materials, the synthesis of these low temperature stable compounds may be impossible relying on traditional thermal activation methods since thermally activated atomic diffusion at low temperatures is so slow that phase formation may require cosmic-scale time. Strikingly, it has been shown that some special experimental methods can successfully synthesize low temperature stable compounds by introducing a large number of vacancies and defects into the material to enable atomic rearrangement and simultaneously increasing the phase transformation driving force to accelerate the reaction kinetics. This review summarizes the predictions of compounds that have not been experimentally reported to be stable at low temperatures and provides some experimental approaches that can be used for future synthesis. We describe the basic thermodynamics and kinetics of phase formation, show how compound formation is constrained at low temperatures, and illustrate that the formation of some compounds is nearly impossible without enhanced kinetics.

Keywords: Intermetallic compounds; Thermodynamics; Phase diagram
Corresponding authors: Zheng Li and Jing Tao Wang, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China, E-mail: (Z. Li), (J. T. Wang)

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Yue XING: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Zheng LI: Writing – review & editing. Huai Yu HOU: Investigation. Ying LIU: Investigation. Jing Tao WANG: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing, Funding acquisition.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52074160).

  5. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Received: 2023-02-24
Accepted: 2023-04-24
Published Online: 2023-12-13
Published in Print: 2024-01-29

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2023-0074
Keywords for this article
Intermetallic compounds; Thermodynamics; Phase diagram

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Review
  3. Accessing forbidden phases
  4. Original Papers
  5. Effect of oleic acid on morphologies of BaTi5O11 nanocrystals synthesized by hydrothermal method
  6. Fast and facile pH tailored green synthesized ZnO photocatalyst by biogenic reduction using water extract of Averrhoa bilimbi (L) fruit
  7. Rice husk-based cellulose nanocrystal/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite film for the removal of Cu (II) cation from aqueous solution
  8. Gelatin-based forsterite–hydroxyapatite hybrid coating on Ti6Al4V to improve its biocompatibility and corrosion resistance
  9. Enhanced supercapacitive performance of electrophoretically deposited nanostructured molybdenum-doped Mn3O4 thin films
  10. Effect of graphene additive on microstructure and properties of MAO coatings on 6063 aluminum alloy
  11. Enhancing the tensile performance of Al/Mg alloy dissimilar friction stir welded joints by reducing brittle intermetallic compounds
  12. News
  13. DGM – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde
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