Home Improving mechanical properties of additive manufactured AZ31 by mechanical rolling
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Improving mechanical properties of additive manufactured AZ31 by mechanical rolling

  • Senthilvelan Veerasamy ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Rameshbabu Sankaran and Atul C. Sutrave
Published/Copyright: February 22, 2023
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

The mechanical performance of AZ31, a popular aerospace structural material, manufactured using CMT-WAAM was studied in this paper. A wall of 70 × 200 × 4 mm was built by layer-by-layer deposition of 4 mm thick beads. The influence of rolling along the direction of welding on hardness, tensile strength and residual stress was investigated and compared with the control build fabricated using “synergic” parameters recommended by Fronius, Austria. The specimens extracted from the AM (Additive Manufacturing) built walls were subjected to cross-section reduction up to 22.5% compared to control specimens. The rolled specimens displayed up to 10% increase in the tensile strength values compared to control specimens and a generally lower elongation value. A similar trend was observed in the hardness examination as well. A peak hardness of 77 HV0.5 was observed in the specimen subjected to 22.17% reduction. The rolled samples exhibit a 14.32% reduction in residual stresses.


Corresponding author: Senthilvelan Veerasamy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur 602117, Kanchipuram, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge and thank Welding Research Cell, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur for all support required to carry out this research.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

1. Caiazzo, F., Alfieri, V., Corrado, G., Argenio, P., Barbieri, G., Acerra, F., Innaro, V. Laser beam welding of a Ti–6Al–4V support flange for buy-to-fly reduction. Metals 2017, 7, 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7050183.Search in Google Scholar

2. Ding, D., Pan, Z., Cuiuri, D., Li, H., Larkin, N. Adaptive path planning for wire-feed additive manufacturing using medial axis transformation. J. Clean. Prod. 2016, 133, 942–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.036.Search in Google Scholar

3. Ngo, T. D., Kashani, A., Imbalzano, G., Nguyen, K. T. Q., Hui, D. Additive manufacturing (3D printing): a review of materials, methods, applications and challenges. Compos. B Eng. 2018, 143, 172–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.012.Search in Google Scholar

4. Prado-Cerqueira, J. L., Diéguez, J. L., Camacho, A. M. Preliminary development of a wire and arc additive manufacturing system (WAAM). Procedia Manuf. 2017, 13, 895–902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.154.Search in Google Scholar

5. Pramod, R., Kumar, S. M., Kannan, A. R., Shanmugam, N. S., Tangestani, R. Fabrication of gas metal arc welding based wire plus arc additive manufactured 347 stainless steel structure: behavioral analysis through experimentation and finite element method. Met. Mater. Int. 2021, 28, 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01026-2.Search in Google Scholar

6. Rodrigues, T. A., Duarte, V., Miranda, R. M., Santos, T. G., Oliveira, J. P. Current status and perspectives on wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Materials 2019, 12, 1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12071121.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

7. Langelandsvik, G., Horgar, A., Furu, T., Roven, H. J., Akselsen, O. M. Comparative study of eutectic Al-Si alloys manufactured by WAAM and casting. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 2020, 110, 935–947. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00170-020-05735-7/FIGURES/17.Search in Google Scholar

8. IvánTabernero, A. P., Álvarez, P., Suárez, A., Suarez, A. Study on arc welding processes for high deposition rate additive manufacturing. Procedia CIRP 2018, 68, 358–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.12.095.Search in Google Scholar

9. Horgar, A., Fostervoll, H., Nyhus, B., Ren, X., Eriksson, M., Akselsen, O. M. Additive manufacturing using WAAM with AA5183 wire. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2018, 259, 68–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.04.014.Search in Google Scholar

10. Caballero, A., Ding, J., Ganguly, S., Williams, S. Wire + Arc Additive Manufacture of 17-4 PH stainless steel: effect of different processing conditions on microstructure, hardness, and tensile strength. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2019, 268, 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.01.007.Search in Google Scholar

11. Zhang, P., Liu, Z., Yan, H., Yu, Z. Effect of longitudinal magnetic field on CMT welding of Al-alloy. Met. Mater. Int. 2021, 27, 5285–5298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-020-00932-1.Search in Google Scholar

12. Gomes, B. F., Morais, P. J., Ferreira, V., Pinto, M., de Almeida, L. H. Wire-arc additive manufacturing of Al-Mg alloy using CMT and PMC technologies. MATEC Web Conf. 2018, 233, 31. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823300031.Search in Google Scholar

13. LI, J., Qiu, Y., Yang, J., Sheng, Y., Yi, Y., Zeng, X., Chen, L., Yin, F., Su, J., Zhang, T., Tong, X., Guo, B. Effect of grain refinement induced by wire and arc additive manufacture (WAAM) on the corrosion behaviors of AZ31 magnesium alloy in NaCl solution. J. Magnesium Alloys 2021, in press. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMA.2021.04.007.Search in Google Scholar

14. Guo, J., Zhou, Y., Liu, C., Wu, Q., Chen, X., Lu, J. Wire Arc additive manufacturing of AZ31 magnesium alloy: grain refinement by adjusting pulse frequency. Materials 2016, 9, 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9100823.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

15. Cao, Q., Qi, B., Zeng, C., Zhang, R., He, B., Qi, Z., Wang, F., Wang, H., Cong, B. Achieving equiaxed microstructure and isotropic mechanical properties of additively manufactured AZ31 magnesium alloy via ultrasonic frequency pulsed arc. J. Alloys Compd. 2022, 909, 164742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164742.Search in Google Scholar

16. Dziubińska, A., Gontarz, A., Horzelska, K., Pieśko, P. The microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy aircraft brackets produced by a new forging technology. Procedia Manuf. 2015, 2, 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.059.Search in Google Scholar

17. Gulati, P., Shukla, D. K., Gupta, A., Singh, M., Kumar, R., Singh, J. P. Microstructural analysis of friction stir welded Mg AZ31 alloy. Mater. Today Proc. 2020, 26, 1145–1150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.230.Search in Google Scholar

18. Fang, X., Yang, J., Wang, S., Wang, C., Huang, K., Li, H., Lu, B. Additive manufacturing of high performance AZ31 magnesium alloy with full equiaxed grains: microstructure, mechanical property, and electromechanical corrosion performance. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2022, 300, 117430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117430.Search in Google Scholar

19. Cai, B., Li, C., Zhang, J., Song, Y., Zheng, J. Rolling of AZ31 magnesium alloy strip using induction heating rolls. Procedia Eng. 2014, 81, 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.09.152.Search in Google Scholar

20. Zhang, Y., Kent, D., Wang, G., StJohn, D., Dargusch, M. S. The cold-rolling behaviour of AZ31 tubes for fabrication of biodegradable stents. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2014, 39, 292–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.026.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

21. Martina, F., Roy, M. J., Szost, B. A., Terzi, S., Colegrove, P. A., Williams, S. W., Withers, P. J., Meyer, J., Hofmann, M. Residual stress of as-deposited and rolled wire+arc additive manufacturing Ti–6Al–4V components. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2016, 32, 1439–1448. https://doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2016.1142704.Search in Google Scholar

22. Yuan, X., Zhang, J., Lian, Y., Du, C., Xu, W., Zhao, Y., Mo, J. Research progress of residual stress determination in magnesium alloys. J. Magnesium Alloys 2018, 6, 238–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2018.06.002.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2022-08-03
Accepted: 2022-11-03
Published Online: 2023-02-22
Published in Print: 2023-03-28

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 23.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijmr-2022-0354/html
Scroll to top button