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Rapid and Non-Destructive Detection of Water-Injected Pork Using Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

  • Shengmei Gai , Zhonghui Zhang , Yufeng Zou and Dengyong Liu

    Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China

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Published/Copyright: June 18, 2019

Abstract

The challenges of food adulteration such as illegal production of water-injected meat remain serious in many areas of the world. This study investigated the feasibility of using LF-NMR and MRI to identify water-injected pork. Longissimus dorsi muscles were injected with 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 % content of deionized water, respectively. The CPMG decay curves of water-injected pork decayed slower than that of the normal. The peak area proportion of immobilized water of water-injected pork decreased while relaxation time and peak area proportion of free water increased significantly (p < 0.05). The first two principal components (PCs) of PCA accounted for 54.54 % and 32.06 % of the observed variance, respectively. Based on the two PCs, the water-injected pork could be differentiated from the normal. Furthermore, the accumulation location of the injected-water in pork could be visualized by MRI. Therefore, LF-NMR combined with MRI offers an effective method for the detection of water-injected pork.

Funding statement: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 31501410]; Chinese National Key Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Project [grant number 2013YQ17046308]; and Key R&D Program of Liaoning Province in China [grant number 2017205003].

About the author

Dengyong Liu

Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China

Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to Nakia Lee Justin Peer and Yuju Li from Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA for their support in language. The authors also would like to express their thanks to Hui-min David Wang from Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan for his suggestions on writing.

  1. Conflict of Interest: There is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.

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Received: 2018-09-28
Revised: 2019-02-10
Accepted: 2019-05-27
Published Online: 2019-06-18

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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