Home Chemical Characterization and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Zizyphus jujube cv. Muzao
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Chemical Characterization and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Zizyphus jujube cv. Muzao

  • Xiaolong Ji , Qiang Peng , Huanyu Li , Fang Liu and Min Wang EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: May 6, 2017

Abstract

Polysaccharides from Zizyphus jujube cv. Muzao (ZMP) were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction with acidic buffer. The chemical composition and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ZMP were evaluated. The results revealed that ZMP had a molecular weight of 89.90 kDa and consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose, and mannose, with molar percentages of 4.52 %, 2.64 %, 1.04 %, 0.49 %, and 0.41 %, respectively. Based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ZMP belonged to the type I rhamnogalacturonans family. In vitro antioxidants assays revealed that ZMP had remarkable antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, were suppressed by ZMP in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 cells. Overall, the results revealed that ZMP has potential applications as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.

Funding statement: This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC31401650), the Basic Scientific Research Business of Central University Special Fund Project, People’s Republic of China (2452013py012), Science and Technology Integrated Innovation Project, Shaanxi Province (2013KTZB02-03-04) and National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0400204). The authors are grateful to Xin Wang for providing technical support.

Abbreviations

ZMP

Zizyphus jujube cv. Muzao Polysaccharides

NrF2

NF-E2-related factor

FTIR

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

SEM

Scanning electron microscopy

JSXZ

Zizyphus jujube cv. Jinsixiaozao

WSP

Ziziphus jujube Mill. cv. Dongzao

CZPU

Zizyphus jujube cv. Junzao

HJP

Zizyphus jujube cv. Huanghetanzao

PWJS

Ziziphus jujube Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chousarcocarp

JPC

Shanxi province jujube

DDP

Taiwan jujube

ZJP

Shanghai jujube

References

1. Gao QH, Wu PT, Liu JR, Wu CS, Parry WJ, Wang M. Physico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of different jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) cultivars grown in loess plateau of China. Sci Hort. 2011;130:67–72.10.1016/j.scienta.2011.06.005Search in Google Scholar

2. Gao QH, Wu CS, Wang M. The jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit: a review of current knowledge of fruit composition and health benefits. J Agric Food Chem. 2013;61:3351–3363.10.1021/jf4007032Search in Google Scholar PubMed

3. Sun YF, Song CK, Viernstein H, Unger F, Liang ZS. Apoptosis of human breast cancer cells induced by microencapsulated betulinic acid from sour jujube fruits through the mitochondria transduction pathway. Food Chem. 2013;138:1998–2007.10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.079Search in Google Scholar PubMed

4. Wang YJ, Liu XQ, Zhang JZ, Liu GP, Liu Y, Wang KM, et al. Structural characterization and in vitro antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Zizyphus jujuba cv. Muzao. RSC Adv. 2015;11:7860–7867.10.1039/C4RA13350ASearch in Google Scholar

5. Zhang L, Zhang W, Wang Q, Wang D, Dong D, Mu H, et al. Purification, antioxidant and immunological activities of polysaccharides from Actinidia chinensis roots. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;72:975–983.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.056Search in Google Scholar PubMed

6. Chen S, Chen H, Tian J, Wang J, Wang Y, Xing L. Enzymolysis-ultrasonic assisted extraction, chemical characteristics and bioactivities of polysaccharides from corn silk. Carbohydr Polym. 2014;101:332–341.10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.046Search in Google Scholar PubMed

7. Plastina P, Bonofiglio D, Vizza D, Fazio A, Rovito D, Giordano C, et al. Identification of bioactive constituents of Ziziphus jujube fruit extracts exerting antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in human breast cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;140:325–332.10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.022Search in Google Scholar PubMed

8. Yue Y, Wu S, Zhang H, Zhang X, Niu Y, Cao X, et al. Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014;74:76–84.10.1016/j.fct.2014.09.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed

9. He N, Yang X, Jiao Y, Tian L, Zhao Y. Characterisation of antioxidant and antiproliferative acidic polysaccharides from Chinese wolfberry fruits. Food Chem. 2012;133:978–989.10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.018Search in Google Scholar

10. Ying Z, Han X, Li J. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. Food Chem. 2011;127:1273–1279.10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.083Search in Google Scholar PubMed

11. Wang B. Chemical characterization and ameliorating effect of polysaccharide from Chinese jujube on intestine oxidative injury by ischemia and reperfusion. Int J Biol Macromol. 2011;48:386–391.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.12.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

12. Liu L, Cao J, Huang J, Cai Y, Yao J. Extraction of pectins with different degrees of esterification from mulberry branch bark. Bioresource Technol. 2010;101:3268–3273.10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.062Search in Google Scholar PubMed

13. Wang X, Chen Q, Lü X. Pectin extracted from apple pomace and citrus peel by subcritical water. Food Hydrocolloid. 2014;38:129–137.10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.12.003Search in Google Scholar

14. Peng Q, Xu Q, Yin H, Huang L, Du Y. Characterization of an immunologically active pectin from the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum. Int J Biol Macromol. 2014;64:69–75.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.11.030Search in Google Scholar PubMed

15. Park J, Khan T, Jung J. Structural studies of the glucuronic acid oligomers produced by Gluconacetobacter hansenii strain. Carbohydr Polym. 2006;63:482–486.10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.10.004Search in Google Scholar

16. Cui G, Zhang W, Wang Q, Zhang A, Mu H, Bai H, et al. Extraction optimization, characterization and immunity activity of polysaccharides from Fructus jujubae. Carbohydr Polym. 2014;111:245–255.10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.041Search in Google Scholar PubMed

17. Guo XD, Ma YJ, Parry J, Gao JM, Yu LL, Wang M. Phenolics content and antioxidant activity of tartary buckwheat from different locations. Molecules. 2011;16:9850–9867.10.3390/molecules16129850Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

18. Jiang Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Wang T, Zhou Y, Ding C, et al. Optimization of extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge residue. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;79:533–541.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.024Search in Google Scholar PubMed

19. Peng Q, Liu H, Shi S, Li M. Lycium ruthenicum polysaccharide attenuates inflammation through inhibiting TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol. 2014;67:330–335.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.023Search in Google Scholar PubMed

20. Thambiraj SR, Phillips M, Koyyalamudi SR, Reddy N. Antioxidant activities and characterisation of polysaccharides isolated from the seeds of Lupinus angustifolius. Imd Crop Prod. 2015;74:950–956.10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.06.028Search in Google Scholar

21. Huang WM, Liang YQ, Tang LJ, Ding Y, Wang XH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on EA.hy926 cells. Exp Ther Med. 2013;6:199–203.10.3892/etm.2013.1074Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

22. Zhao Z, Liu M, Tu P. Characterization of water soluble polysaccharides from organs of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao). Eur Food Restechnol. 2007;226:985–989.10.1007/s00217-007-0620-1Search in Google Scholar

23. Liu G, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Wei T, Yang M, et al. Hepatoprotective effects of polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus jujube cv. Huanghetanzao. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;76:169–175.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.061Search in Google Scholar PubMed

24. Tang HL, Chen C, Wang SK, Sun GJ. Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;77:235–242.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.03.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed

25. Lopez-Alarcon C, Denicola A. Evaluating the antioxidant capacity of natural products: a review on chemical and cellular-based assays. Anal Chim Acta. 2013;763:1–10.10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.051Search in Google Scholar PubMed

26. Ozyurek M, Bektasoglu B, Guclu K, Apak R. Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay of phenolics and flavonoids with a modified cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method using catalase for hydrogen peroxide degradation. Anal Chim Acta. 2008;616:196–206.10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.033Search in Google Scholar PubMed

27. Gao J, Zhang T, Jin ZY, Xu XM, Wang JH, Zha XQ, et al. Structural characterisation, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Lilium lancifolium Thunb. Food Chem. 2015;169:430–438.10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.016Search in Google Scholar PubMed

28. Chen H, Ju Y, Li J, Yu M. Antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes and their significance for disease prevention. Int J Biol Macromol. 2012;50:214–218.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.10.027Search in Google Scholar PubMed

29. Wang ZB, Pei JJ, Ma HL, Cai PF, Yan JK. Effect of extraction media on preliminary characterizations and antioxidant activities of Phellinus linteus polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym. 2014;109:49–55.10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.057Search in Google Scholar PubMed

30. Yoon HJ, Moon ME, Park HS, Im SY, Kim YH. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Biochem Bioph Res Co. 2007;358:954–959.10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.042Search in Google Scholar PubMed

31. Liao CH, Guo SJ, Lin JY. Characterisation of the chemical composition and in vitro anti-inflammation assessment of a novel lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) plumule polysaccharide. Food Chem. 2011;125:930–935.10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.082Search in Google Scholar

32. Hung CF, Hsu BY, Chang SC, Chen BH. Antiproliferation of melanoma cells by polysaccharide isolated from Zizyphus jujuba. Nutrition. 2012;28:98–105.10.1016/j.nut.2011.05.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed

33. Li J, Ai L, Hang F, Ding S, Liu Y. Composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujuba by classical and ultrasound extraction. Int J Biol Macromol. 2014;63:150–153.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.043Search in Google Scholar PubMed

34. Li JW, Ding SD, Ding XL. Optimization of the ultrasonically assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Zizyphus jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao. J Food Eng. 2007;80:176–183.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.05.006Search in Google Scholar

35. Chi A, Kang C, Zhang Y, Tang L, Guo H, Li H, et al. Immunomodulating and antioxidant effects of polysaccharide conjugates from the fruits of Ziziphus jujube on chronic fatigue syndrome rats. Carbohydr Polym. 2015;122:189–196.10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.082Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Published Online: 2017-5-6

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 10.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijfe-2016-0382/html
Scroll to top button