Abstract
In the field of positive youth development, it is generally asserted that developmental assets or positive youth development qualities contribute to positive adolescent developmental outcomes. In the context of training for service leadership, it is argued that the promotion of developmental assets would help university students develop the foundational competence of service leaders. In this paper, the lesson plan of Lecture Eleven in a course entitled “Service Leadership” run in The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is discussed. In the lecture, four developmental assets related to positive identity (self-esteem, self-efficacy, purpose in life and optimism about the future) proposed by Peter Benson are presented. In addition, the possible contribution of different developmental assets to the development of service leadership is highlighted. Moreover, students are encouraged to reflect on their self-identity and explore effective ways to promote their positive self-image.
Appendix 1
THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES
APSS2820 Service Leadership
Lecture Eleven: Developmental Assets and Service Leadership:
Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, Purpose in Life, and Optimism about the Future
Activity 2: What Do I Live for?

References
1. Stevens H, Wilkerson K. The developmental assets and ASCA’s national standards: a crosswalk review. Prof School Couns 2010;13:227–33.10.5330/PSC.n.2010-13.227Suche in Google Scholar
2. Bagdi A, Vacca J. Supporting early childhood social-emotional well being: the building blocks for early learning and school success. Early Child Educ J 2005;33:145–50.10.1007/s10643-005-0038-ySuche in Google Scholar
3. Benson PL. All kids are our kids: what communities must do to raise caring and responsible children and adolescents. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2006.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Benson PL, Leffert N, Scales PC, Blyth DA. Beyond the “village” rhetoric: creating healthy communities for children and adolescents. Appl Dev Sci 1998;2:138–59.10.1207/s1532480xads0203_3Suche in Google Scholar
5. Scales PC, Benson PL, Leffert N, Blyth DA. Contribution of developmental assets to the prediction of thriving among adolescents. Appl Dev Sci 2000;4:27–46.10.1207/S1532480XADS0401_3Suche in Google Scholar
6. Leffert N, Benson PL, Scales PC, Sharma AR, Drake DR, Blyth DA. Developmental assets: measurement and prediction of risk behaviors among adolescents. Appl Dev Sci 1998;2:209–30.10.1207/s1532480xads0204_4Suche in Google Scholar
7. Chung P. Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management curriculum framework. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management, 2011.Suche in Google Scholar
8. Bandura A. Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educ Psychol 1993;28:117–48.10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3Suche in Google Scholar
9. Frankl V. Man’s search for meaning: an introduction to logotherapy, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Touchstone, 1984.Suche in Google Scholar
10. Bornstein MH, Davidson L, Keyes CL, Moore KA, editors. Well-being: positive development across the life course. New York, NY: Psychology Press, 2012.Suche in Google Scholar
11. Arturo Sesma J, Mannes M, Scales PC. Positive adaptation, resilience, and the developmental asset framework. In: Goldstein S, Brooks RB, editors. Handbook of resilience in children. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2005:281–96.Suche in Google Scholar
12. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.10.1515/9781400876136Suche in Google Scholar
13. Schwarzer R. Measurement of perceived self-efficacy: psychometric scales for cross-cultural research. Berlin: Freien Universität, 1993.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Coopersmith S. Coopersmith self esteem inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1981.10.1037/t06456-000Suche in Google Scholar
15. Brown JD. The self. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.Suche in Google Scholar
16. Chemers MM, Watson CB, May ST. Dispositional affect and leadership effectiveness: a comparison of self-esteem, optimism, and efficacy. Pers Soc Psychol B 2000;26:267–77.10.1177/0146167200265001Suche in Google Scholar
17. Conner M, Norman P. Predicting health behaviour: research and practice with social cognition models. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1995.Suche in Google Scholar
18. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: WH Freeman, 1997.Suche in Google Scholar
19. Toor S, Ofori G. Positive psychological capital as a source of sustainable competitive advantage for organizations. J Constr Eng M 2010;136:341–52.10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000135Suche in Google Scholar
20. Bandura A. Self-efficacy. In: Ramachaudran VS, editor. Encyclopedia of human behavior. New York, NY: Academic Press, 1994:71–81.Suche in Google Scholar
21. Chen G, Gully SM, Eden D. General self-efficacy and self-esteem: toward theoretical and empirical distinction between correlated self-evaluations. J Organ Behav 2004;25:375–95.10.1002/job.251Suche in Google Scholar
22. Crocker J, Brook AT, Niiya Y, Villacorta M. The pursuit of self-esteem: contingencies of self-worth and self-regulation. J Pers 2006;74:1749–71.10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00427.xSuche in Google Scholar
23. McCormick J, McPherson G. The role of self-efficacy in a musical performance examination: an exploratory structural equation analysis. Psychol Music 2003;31:37–51.10.1177/0305735603031001322Suche in Google Scholar
24. Crumbaugh JC, Maholick LT. An experimental study in existentialism: the psychometric approach to Frankl’s concept of noogenic neurosis. J Clin Psychol 1964;20:200–7.10.1002/1097-4679(196404)20:2<200::AID-JCLP2270200203>3.0.CO;2-USuche in Google Scholar
25. Shek DT. Meaning in life and psychological well-being: an empirical study using the Chinese version of the Purpose in Life questionnaire. J Genet Psychol 1992;153:185–200.10.1080/00221325.1992.10753712Suche in Google Scholar
26. Harlow LL, Newcomb MD, Bentler PM. Depression, self-derogation, substance use, and suicide ideation: lack of purpose in life as a mediational factor. J Clin Psychol 1986;42:5–21.10.1002/1097-4679(198601)42:1<5::AID-JCLP2270420102>3.0.CO;2-9Suche in Google Scholar
27. DuRant RH, Getts A, Cadenhead C, Emans SJ, Woods ER. Exposure to violence and victimization and depression, hopelessness, and purpose in life among adolescents living in and around public housing. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1995;16:233–7.10.1097/00004703-199508000-00004Suche in Google Scholar
28. Marshall M, Marshall E. Logotherapy revisited: review of the tenets of Victor Frankl’s logotherapy. Canada: CreateSpace, 2012.Suche in Google Scholar
29. Dhiman S. Personal mastery: our quest for self-actualization, meaning, and highest purpose. Interbeing 2007;1:25–35.Suche in Google Scholar
30. Dunavold P. Happiness, hope, and optimism. Available at: http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/students/happy.htm. Accessed: 18 Sep 2012.Suche in Google Scholar
31. Hannah ST, Woolfolk RL, Lord RG. Leader self-structure: a framework for positive leadership. J Organ Behav 2009;30:269–90.10.1002/job.586Suche in Google Scholar
32. Peterson SJ, Balthazard PA, Waldman DA, Thatcher RW. Are the brains of optimistic, hopeful, confident, and resilient leaders different? Organ Dyn 2008;37:342–53.10.1016/j.orgdyn.2008.07.007Suche in Google Scholar
33. Weissberg RP, O’ Brien MU. What works in school-based social and emotional learning programs for positive youth development. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 2004;591:86–97.10.1177/0002716203260093Suche in Google Scholar
34. Graczyk PA, Weissberg RP, Payton JW, Elias MJ, Greenberg MT, Zins JE. Criteria for evaluating the quality of school-based social and emotional learning programs. In: Reuven BO, Park DA, editors. The handbook of emotional intelligence: theory, development, assessment, and application at home, school and in the workplace. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2000:391–409.Suche in Google Scholar
35. Shek DT, Sun RC. The Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong: development, training, implementation, and evaluation. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2013;26:S2–9.10.1016/j.jpag.2013.03.009Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
36. Shek DT, Sun RC, editors. Development and evaluation of positive adolescent training through holistic social programs (P.A.T.H.S.). Berlin: Springer, 2013.10.1007/978-981-4451-54-3Suche in Google Scholar
37. Shek DT, Sun RC. Promoting leadership and intrapersonal competence in university students: what can we learn from Hong Kong? Int J Disabil Hum Dev 2012;11:221–8.10.1515/ijdhd-2012-0037Suche in Google Scholar
38. Shek DT, Sun RC. Promoting psychosocial competencies in university students: evaluation based on a one group pretest-posttest design. Int J Disabil Hum Dev 2012;11:229–34.Suche in Google Scholar
39. Shek DT, Sun RC. Process evaluation of a positive youth development course in a university setting in Hong Kong. Int J Disabil Hum Dev 2012;11:235–41.Suche in Google Scholar
40. Shek DT, Sun RC, Tsien-Wong TB, Cheng CT, Yim HY. Objective outcome evaluation of a leadership and intrapersonal development subject for university students. Int J Disabil Hum Dev 2013;12:221–7.10.1515/ijdhd-2013-0020Suche in Google Scholar
41. Shek DT, Sun RC. Post-course subjective outcome evaluation of a course promoting leadership and intrapersonal development in university students in Hong Kong. Int J Disabil Hum Dev 2013;12:193–201.10.1515/ijdhd-2012-0136Suche in Google Scholar
42. Shek DT. Promotion of holistic development in university students: a credit-bearing subject on leadership and intrapersonal development. Best Pract Ment Health 2013;9:47–61.Suche in Google Scholar
©2015 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Service leadership education for university students: the Hong Kong experience
- Reviews
- Manufacturing economy vs. service economy: implications for service leadership
- How unique is the service leadership model? A comparison with contemporary leadership approaches
- Core beliefs in the service leadership model proposed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management
- Evolution and realms of service leadership and leadership models
- Intrapersonal competencies and service leadership
- Interpersonal competence and service leadership
- Adolescent developmental assets and service leadership
- Nurturing university students to be social entrepreneurs: relevance of service leadership education
- Book Review
- Reinventing American Health Care: How the Affordable Care Act Will Improve Our Terribly Complex, Blatantly Unjust, Outrageously Expensive, Grossly Inefficient, Error Prone System
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Service leadership education for university students: the Hong Kong experience
- Reviews
- Manufacturing economy vs. service economy: implications for service leadership
- How unique is the service leadership model? A comparison with contemporary leadership approaches
- Core beliefs in the service leadership model proposed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management
- Evolution and realms of service leadership and leadership models
- Intrapersonal competencies and service leadership
- Interpersonal competence and service leadership
- Adolescent developmental assets and service leadership
- Nurturing university students to be social entrepreneurs: relevance of service leadership education
- Book Review
- Reinventing American Health Care: How the Affordable Care Act Will Improve Our Terribly Complex, Blatantly Unjust, Outrageously Expensive, Grossly Inefficient, Error Prone System