Large eddy simulation study of a Venturi cavitation nozzle with two auxiliary flow channels
-
Ruyi Gou
,
Duan Luo
,
Juntao Dong
Abstract
Cavitating jet nozzles play a crucial role in various industries, including oil and gas exploration, cleaning and cutting, and the automotive sector. This study introduces a Venturi cavitation nozzle with two auxiliary flow channels (VWC), derived from the traditional Venturi cavitation nozzle (VN). The flow field of the nozzle is numerically analyzed using the large eddy simulation (LES) and the Zwart–Gerbera–Belamri (ZGB) cavitation model, and the results are compared with those of the traditional VN. This study examines the transient steam distribution and its variation within the two nozzles in the low-pressure range, assessing the influence of minor inlet pressure fluctuations on the internal cavitation flow. Under high-pressure conditions, the jet length and the velocity at the end of the external domain were compared, and the velocity of each section and the velocity change trend of the nozzle outlet and the end of the external flow field in the high-pressure range were analyzed. The numerical results demonstrate that the VWC exhibits enhanced vapor generation and jet performance under identical boundary conditions. In terms of steam generation, the vapor content of the VWC is consistently higher than that of the VN, with a maximum difference of 25 %. Regarding jet strength, under the same pressure, the VWC exhibits a lower axial jet velocity decay rate than the VN, which can be reduced by up to 52.8 %. Additionally, the longitudinal jet velocity of the VWC is slightly higher, surpassing that of the VN by up to 52 %. This research offers valuable insights and a novel reference for advancing the structural design of cavitation nozzles.
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 52374011
Funding source: PetroChina Science and Technology Innovation Fund
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2024DQ02-0146
Funding source: Scientific Research Starting Project of SWPU
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2022QHZ027
-
Research ethics: This paper does not involve animal and human testing, so this item is not applicable to this paper.
-
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study, or their legal guardians or wards.
-
Author contributions: Ruyi Gou: Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Resources, Writing—original draft, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Conceptualization, Data curation. Duan Luo: Writing—original draft, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation. Hao Yi: Investigation, Formal analysis. Qinglin Xiang: Investigation, Resources. Jinfa Zhang: Investigation, Software. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests.
-
Research funding: This work was Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52374011), PetroChina Science and Technology Innovation Fund (Grant No.2024DQ02-0146), and Scientific Research Starting Project of SWPU (Grant No.2022QHZ027).
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
-
Consent to participate and publish: The authors declare that they participated in this paper willingly and give consent for the publication of this paper.
-
Code availability: Not applicable.
References
[1] G. L. G. Li, Z. S. Z. Shen, C. Z. C. Zhou, D. Z. D. Zhang, and H. C. H. Chen, “Investigation and application of self-resonating cavitating water jet in petroleum engineering,” Petrol. Sci. Technol., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1081/lft-200027961.Search in Google Scholar
[2] H. Soyama, M. Shimizu, Y. Hattori, and Y. Nagasawa, “Improving the fatigue strength of the elements of a steel belt for CVT by cavitation shotless peening,” J Mater. Sci., vol. 43, no. 14, pp. 5028–5030, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2743-6.Search in Google Scholar
[3] E. E. Y. C. Hutli, M. S. Nedeljkovic, A. Bonyár, and D. Légrády, “Experimental study on the influence of geometrical parameters on the cavitation erosion characteristics of high speed submerged jets,” Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci., vol. 80, pp. 281–292, 2017.10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.08.026Search in Google Scholar
[4] R. Terán Hilares, L. Ramos, S. S. Da Silva, G. Dragone, S. I. Mussatto, and J. C. D. Santos, “Hydrodynamic cavitation as a strategy to enhance the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment,” Crit. Rev. Biotechnol., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 483–493, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2017.1369932.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[5] N. S. Khan, A. Hussanan, W. Kumam, P. Kumam, and P. Suttiarporn, “Accessing the thermodynamics of Walter-B fluid with magnetic dipole effect past a curved stretching surface,” Zamm-Z Angew. Math. Me, vol. 103, no. 8, p. e202100112, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.202100112.Search in Google Scholar
[6] M. Szolcek, S. Cassineri, A. Cioncolini, F. Scenini, and M. Curioni, “CRUD removal via hydrodynamic cavitation in micro-orifices,” Nucl. Eng. Des., vol. 343, no. 1, pp. 210–217, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.01.012.Search in Google Scholar
[7] R. T. Knapp, “Recent investigations of the mechanics of cavitation and cavitation damage,” Trans.ASME, vol. 77, pp. 1045–1054, 1955,https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4014586.Search in Google Scholar
[8] Z. Y. Dong and P. L. Su, “Cavitation control by aeration and its compressible characteristics,” 水动力学研究与进展(B辑)(英文版), vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 499–504, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058-06-60126-1.Search in Google Scholar
[9] H. C. H. Chen, J. L. J. Li, D. C. D. Chen, and J. W. J. Wang, “Damages on steel surface at the incubation stage of the vibration cavitation erosion in water,” Wear, vol. 265, no. 5-6, pp. 692–698, 2009.10.1016/j.wear.2007.12.011Search in Google Scholar
[10] P. F. Dunn, F. O. Thomas, M. P. Davis, and I. E. Dorofeeva, “Experimental characterization of aviation-fuel cavitation,” Phys. Fluids, vol. 22, no. 11, 2011, Art. no. 117102, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3490051.Search in Google Scholar
[11] Y. L. W. S. Yang, W. Li, W. Shi, W. Zhang, and M. A. El-Emam, “Numerical investigation of a high-pressure submerged jet using a cavitation model considering effects of shear stress,” Processes, vol. 7, no. 8, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7080541.Search in Google Scholar
[12] H. A. Zhang, Z. A. Zuo, K. A. A. Mørch, and S. A. Liu, “Thermodynamic effects on Venturi cavitation characteristics,” Phys. Fluids, vol. 31, no. 9, 2019, Art. no. 97107.10.1063/1.5116156Search in Google Scholar
[13] H. Shi, M. Li, Q. Liu, and P. Nikrityuk, “Experimental and numerical study of cavitating particulate flows in a Venturi tube,” Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 219, 2020, Art. no. 115598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.115598.Search in Google Scholar
[14] T. T. U. A. Ohta and R. Sugiura, “Numerical prediction of interaction between turbulence structures and vortex cavitation,” J. Turbul., vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 599–625, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2019.1685673.Search in Google Scholar
[15] K. I. K. Im, S. C. S. Cheong, C. P. C. Powell, M. L. M. Lai, and J. W. J. Wang, “Unraveling the geometry dependence of In-Nozzle cavitation in high-pressure injectors,” Sci. Rep., vol. 3, no. 1, 2013, Art. no. 2067, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02067.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[16] A. G. A. U. Gnanaskandan and K. M. A. U. Mahesh, “Large eddy simulation of the transition from sheet to cloud cavitation over a wedge,” Int. J. Multiphas. Flow, vol. 83, pp. 86–102, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.03.015.Search in Google Scholar
[17] L. Li, Y. Xu, M. Ge, Z. Wang, S. Li, and J. Zhang, “Numerical investigation of cavitating jet flow field with different turbulence models,” Mathematics, vol. 11, no. 3977, 2023, Art. no. 3977, https://doi.org/10.3390/math11183977.Search in Google Scholar
[18] Z. Liu, Z. Li, J. Liu, J. Wu, Y. Yu, and J. Ding, “Numerical study on primary breakup of disturbed liquid jet sprays using a VOF model and LES method,” Processes, vol. 10, no. 6, 2022, Art. no. 1148, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10061148.Search in Google Scholar
[19] Y. Yang, W. Shi, L. Tan, W. Li, S. Chen, and B. Pan, “Numerical research of the submerged high-pressure cavitation water jet based on the RANS-LES hybrid model,” Shock Vib., vol. 2021, pp. 1–16, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6616718.Search in Google Scholar
[20] J. Kim and H. Choi, “Laarge eddy simulation of a circular jet: Effect of inflow conditions on the near field,” J. Fluid Mech., vol. 620, no. 1, pp. 383–411, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008004722.Search in Google Scholar
[21] P. Zhao, R. Piao, and Z. Zou, “Mesoscopic fluid-particle flow and vortex structural transmission in a submerged entry nozzle of continuous caster,” Materials, vol. 15, no. 7, 2022, Art. no. 2510, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072510.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[22] R. Payri, B. Tormos, J. Gimeno, and G. Bracho, “The potential of large eddy simulation (LES) code for the modeling of flow in diesel injectors,” Math. Comput. Model., vol. 52, no. 8-7, pp. 1151–1160, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2010.02.033.Search in Google Scholar
[23] U. Piomelli, “Large-eddy simulation: Achievements and challenges,” Prog. Aerosp. Sci., vol. 35, no. 4, 1999, Art. no. 335, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0376-0421-98-00014-1.Search in Google Scholar
[24] F. Nicoud, H. B. Toda, O. Cabrit, S. Bose, and A. J. Lee, “Using singular values to build a subgrid-scale model for large eddy simulations,” Phys. Fluids, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 85106–85117, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3623274.Search in Google Scholar
[25] F. Nicoud and F. Ducros, “Subgrid-scale stress modelling based on the square of the velocity gradient tensor,” Flow, Turbul. Combustion, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 183–200, 1999, https://doi.org/10.1023.a.1009995426001.10.1023/A:1009995426001Search in Google Scholar
[26] X. A. Li, T. A. Shen, P. A. Li, X. A. Guo, and Z. A. Z. Z. Zhu, “Extended compressible thermal cavitation model for the numerical simulation of cryogenic cavitating flow,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 45, no. 16, pp. 10104–10118, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.01.192.Search in Google Scholar
[27] H. A. Shi, M. A. Li, P. A. N. U. Nikrityuk, and Q. A. Liu, “Experimental and numerical study of cavitation flows in Venturi tubes: From CFD to an empirical model,” Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 207, pp. 672–687, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2019.07.004.Search in Google Scholar
[28] X. P. Long, D. Zuo, H. Y. Cheng, and B. Ji, “Large eddy simulation of the transient cavitating vortical flow in a jet pump with special emphasis on the unstable limited operation stage,” J. Hydrodyn, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 345–360, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42241-019-0034-0.Search in Google Scholar
© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
