Lignocellulose-based nanomaterials: synthesis, characterization, and sustainable applications in wastewater treatment
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Anbarasu Krishnan
and M Sunil Kumar
Abstract
Water scarcity and the increasing levels of sewage effluent are intensifying the demand for innovative, sustainable wastewater treatment technologies. Among various alternatives, lignocellulose-based nanomaterials (LCNMs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique structural properties and natural abundance. This work offers a comprehensive exploration of LCNMs, covering their synthesis, characterization, and diverse applications in wastewater treatment. It begins with an overview of the fundamental properties of lignocellulose and introduces wood and forest-based biomass as resources for nano-bio photoelectron sensor interfacing. The practical utility of LCNMs is highlighted through their applications in heavy metal adsorption, organic pollutant removal, and the degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, demonstrating high efficiency at a real-world scale. Case studies further underscore the potential of LCNMs in practical scenarios, supported by discussions on environmental and health outcomes, emphasizing biological safety within toxicity limits. Additionally, the work explores into innovative approaches for the synthesis of LCNMs, their integration with other treatment technologies, and their economic and environmental sustainability. By leveraging lignocellulose atoms and mesoporous materials, this work presents a novel and sustainable approach to wastewater purification processes, paving the way for future advancements in the field.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: The authors acknowledge the use of AI-assisted tools, notably Grammarly, to improve linguistic accuracy, correct grammatical errors, and increase the overall coherence of this article. The content, analytical discussion, and conclusions presented in this work are distinctly the original contributions of the author, with AI tools utilized solely to enhance the presentation and clarity of the text. The use of AI complies with the journal’s requirements for transparency and ethical norms in authorship processes.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
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