Extraction of biodiesel from pomelo peel and investigation of its efficiency as a lubricant in water-based drilling fluid

Firoza Sheikh; Bhairab Jyoti Gogoi

doi:10.1515/ijcre-2023-0039

Article

Extraction of biodiesel from pomelo peel and investigation of its efficiency as a lubricant in water-based drilling fluid

Firoza Sheikh and Bhairab Jyoti Gogoi

Published/Copyright: January 1, 2024

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From the journal International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Volume 22 Issue 1

Abstract

Reducing friction between drill string and wellbore wall is one of the key functions of drilling fluid which may result from tight holes, key seats, differential sticking, or cutting build up along the drill string. However due to growing environmental concerns, biodegradable lubricants which are also cost-efficient are appreciated and mandated in many countries. This study discusses the performance analysis of biodegradable biodiesel produced from pomelo peels and Petroleum-based lube oil as drilling fluid lubricants. The test samples comprise 700 mL of water + 10 % bentonite + 3 % barite + 0.25 % CaCO₃ + 0.25 % KOH + 1 % CMC + lubricant. Two sets of lubricants were utilized to prepare 10 samples of drilling fluid, one set with petroleum-based lubricant and other with biodiesel. Essential oil was extracted from pomelo peel with the help of the Clevenger apparatus. The oil was then converted to biodiesel through the process of transesterification. Biodiesel properties were tested for the ASTM standards. Both sets of drilling fluid samples were tested for their rheological, filtration and lubricating properties and from the results obtained it can be concluded that both type of lubricating agents have almost negligible impact on rheological and filtration loss properties. However, the lubricity coefficient values drastically decreased as we increased the lubricant content, which is an indication that biodiesel extracted from pomelo peel acts as a better lubricant. The values of the lubricity coefficient for biodiesel based drilling fluid also fell well within the advised range (<0.30). We can therefore draw the conclusion that biodiesel made from pomelo peel can replace petroleum-based lubricants while also lowering the environmental concerns related to lubricants.

Keywords: pomelo; drilling fluid; lube oil; rheology; lubricity coefficient

Corresponding author: Firoza Sheikh, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Presidency University, Bangalore, India, E-mail: firozasheikh31@gmail.com

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to express their sincere gratitude to Presidency University, Bengaluru for graciously providing access to the laboratory facilities, which were instrumental in conducting the experiments and tests essential to this research.

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Author contribution: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: None declared.
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

Abbreviation

PV: plastic viscosity
YP: yield point
AV: apparent viscosity
cP: centi poise
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials
API: American Petroleum Institute
CoF: coefficient of friction
LC: lubricity coefficient
FFA: free fatty acid
S: sample

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Received: 2023-02-22

Accepted: 2023-10-25

Published Online: 2024-01-01

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2023-0039

Keywords for this article

pomelo; drilling fluid; lube oil; rheology; lubricity coefficient